Xa uninzi lwabantu lusiva inkqubela phambili kumgubo wesinyithi, bafanekisela iidyasi zelebhu kunye nokumenyezela, ngoomatshini bokushicilela abazenzekelayo. Ingxelo yoshishino imalunga nokuntsonkotha kobume obunetha kunye nengxubevange emitsha, eyinyani, kodwa iqaqambisa ubunyani, inyani ephindaphindwayo yokwenza la malungu asebenze kwindibano yokwenyani. Inkqubela phambili yokwenene ayingomgubo okanye ushicilelo kuphela; ludibaniso lwetsheyini lilonke-ukusuka kwi-feedstock ukuya kwi-sintering ukuya kwi-secondary operations-kunye nendlela okutshintsha ngayo ukucinga koyilo. Ndibone uyilo oluninzi lusilela kuba iinjineli zichaze indawo yeP/M ngokungathi yibillet eyenziwe ngoomatshini, ingahoyi iipropathi ze-anisotropic kunye nendima ebalulekileyo ye-sintering atmospheres. Kulapho eyona nkqubela-phambili iyenzeka khona, ekuvaleni loo msantsa.
Ukutsiba kwezinto akusoloko kulapho ucinga khona
Ewe, uphuhliso lwemibhobho emitsha esele igalelwe ngaphambili, efana nezo zahlukaniso ezidityanisiweyo eziphezulu, zibalulekile. Banikezela ngee-microstructures ezifanayo. Kodwa ukuqhubela phambili okubonakalayo kuthi kwicala lemveliso bekukwiinkqubo zokubopha kunye nezithambiso. Ekuqaleni kwexesha lam ndisebenza kunye neqabane kwi-valve seat inserts, sabetha udonga ngamandla aluhlaza. Inxalenye yayiza kuqhekeka ngexesha lokukhupha, kungekhona ngexesha lokutshisa. Umgubo wawuphuculwe, kodwa inkqubo yayingekho. Sitshintshele kwi-combo ephucukileyo ye-organic binder-lubricant combo, evakala ngathi linyathelo elibuyela umva ngokomfanekiso wobugcisa obuphezulu, kodwa yayisombulula ingxaki yangoko. Yayisisikhumbuzo sokuba inzululwazi yezinto ezikhazimlayo ihlala ixhomekeke kwezi zongezo zingenabukhazikhazi, zekhemistry-zinzima ukuze zisebenze.
Oku kudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo ekusebenzeni kunye ne-alloys ekhethekileyo. Inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kunye nembali yayo enzulu kwi-investment casting kunye ne-machining ye-cobalt kunye ne-nickel-based alloys, iyayiqonda le nto intuitively. Xa usuka ekujuleni ezi ngxubevange ziqinileyo ukuya kuzibumba ngomgubo wesinyithi, imiceli mngeni iyaphindaphindeka. Iimpawu zokuhamba komgubo zihlukile, amaqondo okushisa ashushu agqithise, kwaye ulawulo lwe-atmospheric (ngokuqhelekileyo i-vacuum okanye i-high-purity hydrogen) iba yinto engenakuxoxisana. Ukuqhubela phambili apha kunokuba yinto enokuthenjwa ngakumbi yegraphite enciphisa ukugqwetheka kwenxalenye ngexesha lomjikelo wobushushu obuphezulu, into oyifundayo ngolingo nangempazamo.
Xa sithetha nge sintering, eso sisigaba sokwenza okanye sekhefu sokwenyani. Unokuba noxinzelelo olugqibeleleyo, kodwa ukuba iprofayile yakho yobushushu ivaliwe ngama-20 degrees kwindawo yobushushu obuphezulu, okanye ukuba kukho ukuvuza okuncinci kwisithando somlilo sakho, uphela unamalungu angenawo amandla okuqina okanye ubulukhuni obungahambelaniyo. Sakhe saba nebhetshi umgubo wesinyithi iigiya zemoto encinci esebenza ngoxinzelelo lwendalo egqithise iitshekhi ezinobungakanani kodwa yasilela kuvavanyo lokudinwa. Umoni? I-atmospheric encinci ye-oxidizing ngexesha lokupholisa, eyadala i-brittle, i-oxyd oxide layer kwimida yeenkozo. Yayingabonakali ngeliso lenyama. I-advanced yayityala imali kwizixhobo zokujonga umoya wexesha lokwenyani, oziva ngathi bubunewunewu obubiza kakhulu de yagcina imveliso.
CNC Machining: Iqabane eliyimfuneko, hayi okhuphisanayo
Kukho i-dichotomy yobuxoki phakathi kwe-net-shape ye-P/M kunye ne-CNC machining. Amandla okwenene kukusebenzisana kwabo. Inxalenye inokuba ngama-95% enziwe ngumshicileli, kodwa okokugqibela i-5% - ukunyamezela okubalulekileyo, ikona ebukhali, okanye intambo-idinga umatshini. Ukuqhubela phambili kukuyila le nkqubo ye-hybrid kwasekuqaleni. Umzekelo, ukucacisa umngxuma ongaphantsi kancinci kwindawo ene-sintered, ukwazi ukuba iya kugqitywa, ivumela uyilo olunamandla ngakumbi kunye nokuzaliswa komgubo ongcono.
Apha kulapho iqabane elineziqinisekiso ezinamandla zomatshini lixabiseke kakhulu. Ukujonga QSYIprofayile, amashumi amathathu eminyaka kumatshini we-CNC ayiyonkonzo nje yokongeza; lulwazi olusisiseko kwimisebenzi yasemva kwe-sintering. Ukutshiza inxalenye yentsimbi ene-sintered yahlukile kwi-machining bar eyenziweyo. I-porosity inokuchaphazela ubomi besixhobo kunye nokuphela komphezulu. Kufuneka uhlengahlengise isantya, ukutya, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha usebenzise izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zejiyometri. Ukuqhubela phambili kwi-P/M akunantsingiselo ukuba awukwazi ukuyitshintsha rhoqo. Ndibambisene neeprojekthi apho siye saphuhlisa iprothokholi ethile yokomba ye-P/M flange ene-porous, eyona nto yayiyindlela yokwenza iresiphi eyenzelwe ukuxinana kwezinto. Loo protocol yayixabiseke njengengcaciso yomgubo.
Iwebhusayithi tsngtaocnc.com iqaqambisa umsebenzi wabo ngokubumba iqokobhe kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali. Kunika umdla ukucinga malunga nokudibana. Ukwenziwa kotyalo-mali kukwavelisa imilo entsonkothileyo, ekufutshane nenetha. Ukhetho phakathi kwezi zibini luhlala luhla kumthamo, izinto eziphathekayo, kunye neemfuno zepropathi zoomatshini. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuqhubela phambili kukwazi ukuba ungasebenzisi nini i-powder metallurgy. Kwi-volume ephezulu, amacandelo e-ferrous kunye nobunzima obuphakathi, i-P / M iphumelele. Kwimithamo esezantsi ye-superalloy eneemfuno ezigqithisileyo zobushushu, ukufakwa kotyalo-mali kusenokuba yimpendulo. Ubuchwephesha bulele ekwenzeni olo gwebo.
Ukuxinana nguKumkani, Kodwa Ukungaguquguquki buBukumkani
Yonke incwadi yesikhokelo ijolise ekufezekiseni ukuxinana okuphezulu. Umceli mngeni wehlabathi lokwenyani kukufumana ukuxinana okufanayo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezineendonga ezithe nkqo kunye neempawu ezinamanqanaba amaninzi. I-advanced engafumani ushicilelo olwaneleyo luphuculo lwesoftware yokulinganisa umgubo wokucudisa. Ukulinganisa kwangaphambili yayizikhokelo ezirhabaxa. Ngoku, banokuqikelela i-gradients ngokuchaneka okumangalisayo, ukuvumela uhlengahlengiso lwezixhobo ngaphambi kokuba isixhobo esinye sisikwe. Sisebenzise umlinganiso omnye onjalo ukuyila kwakhona i-punch ye-sprocket, songeza i-taper encinci besingayi kucinga ngayo. Yehlisa ukwahluka kobuninzi ukusuka malunga ne-0.3 g / cm3 ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-0.1 g / cm3 kwiprofayili yezinyo. Oko kuguqulelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwintsebenzo ehambelanayo yokunxiba.
Nangona kunjalo, isoftware ilungile kuphela njengegalelo. Iimpawu zokukhuhlana komgubo ngokuchasene nentsimbi yesixhobo, etshintsha ngokufuma kunye nokwahluka kweqashiso, yinto enkulu eguquguqukayo. Usafuna ukuqhuba izilingo zomzimba. Ukuqhubela phambili nantsi iluphu yengxelo: linganisa, yakha, yenza umlinganiselo (usebenzisa iindlela eziphambili ezifana nokuskena kweCT yeemephu zoxinaniso lwangaphakathi), uze usulungekise imodeli yokulinganisa. Iyaphindaphinda kwaye iyacotha, kodwa yindlela ozakha ngayo iinkqubo ezomeleleyo.
Olu sukelo lokungaguquguquki yinto eqhuba ukwamkelwa koomatshini bokushicilela obuntsonkothileyo-kungekhona nje abakhawulezayo, kodwa abanolawulo olungcono lokuzalisa, ukucinezela, kunye nokulandelelana kwe-ejection. Ukuthandabuza okuncinci ngexesha lokugqibela lokunyathela kunokubangela isiphene. Ngala ma minutiae ahlula iprototype yelebhu kwinkqubo elungele imveliso. Xa unikezela ngeenxalenye zomgca wendibano, isivuno se-99.5% asilungile ngokwaneleyo. Ufuna i-99.95%. Ukufumana okokugqibela i-0.45% kulapho amashumi eminyaka yamava, njengaleyo ifakwe kwiifemu ezide, ihlawula.
I-Alloy Conundrum kunye neKhonkco loNikezelo
Ukusebenza kunye ne-alloys ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-nickel okanye i-cobalt-based based on P / M yindawo yomda. Inkqubela phambili iyabonakala kodwa iza nentloko ebuhlungu. Umgubo ubiza kakhulu, kwaye kaninzi ujongana nezinto ezisebenzayo ezifuna ulawulo lweatmosfera olungenakonakala. Intlawulo, nangona kunjalo, inokuba yinto emangalisayo: amacandelo anemikrozo ecolekileyo, elinganayo engenakufikelelwa ngokuphosa, enikezela ukuxhathisa okungcono kubushushu obuphezulu.
Kodwa nantsi ingxaki esebenzayo: fragility kwikhonkco lokubonelela. Ngexesha leprojekthi ebandakanya i-nickel superalloy turbine seal, umthengisi wethu oqhelekileyo ongumgubo wayenomgangatho we-hiccup. Umxholo weoksijini kwibhetshi yabo wawuphezulu kakhulu. Asikwazanga ukuyisebenzisa. Ukufumana enye indlela ngesaziso esifutshane kwaba liphupha elibi. Oku kuqaqambise ukuba ukuqhubela phambili kwindlela yokusebenza kwemathiriyeli kunqabile ukuba awukwazi ukufumana umthombo wesondlo ngokuthembekileyo. Isityhale ukuba sifanelekele ababoneleli abaninzi, nto leyo yinkqubo ebiza imali eninzi kwaye ithatha ixesha lovavanyo kunye novavanyo. Eli licala elingafunekiyo lezinto eziphambili.
Iinkampani eziye zajikeleza ihlabathi lokuphosa ngezi zinto, ezifana QSY, mhlawumbi baye baseka amajelo okukhangela izinto eziphathekayo kunye nokuqonda okunzulu kwesinyithi. Eso siseko solwazi siyagqithiselwa kwaye sibalulekile. Bangasiqonda isizathu sokuba unokongeza isixa esincinci sento yomhlaba enqabileyo kumxube womgubo ukuphucula ingxinano ye-sintered, kuba babone imigaqo efanayo kwikhemikhali enyibilikayo yokuphosa. Olu kudluliselwa kwepoleni yolwazi oluvela kubuchwephesha bokwenza okwahlukileyo luhlobo oluzolileyo kodwa olunamandla lokuqhubela phambili kweshishini.
Ke, Yeyiphi eyona Trajectory?
Ukujonga ngaphaya kwentengiso, umkhondo we ukuqhubela phambili komgubo wesinyithi kukudityaniswa kunye nobuqili. Ayingommangaliso omtsha wokushicilela. Kumalunga nokudibanisa ngcono intambo yoyilo lwedijithali (DFAM ye-P / M), kunye nokulinganisa okuqikelelweyo okuqikelelwayo, okubotshelelwe kulawulo oluqinileyo lwe-sintering, kunye nokuxhaswa kobuchwephesha basemva kokucubungula obuqonda i-sintered microstructure. Injongo kukunciphisa into emangalisayo.
Ukuphela komdlalo kukwenza i-powder metallurgy ukhetho lokuqala, hayi ukubuyisela umva, kwizicelo ezifuna kakhulu. Oko kuthetha ukukholisa iinjineli zokuyila ukuba zinokufumana izinto ezinokuthenjwa, ezisebenza ngokuphezulu ngaphandle kokuqonda i-arcana yesithando somlilo. Ithemba livela kukubonisa ukungaguquguquki. Oko kwakhiwe inxalenye ngenxalenye, kwiminyaka, ngokusombulula iingxaki ezingathandekiyo zokutshiswa kwe-lubricant kunye noyilo lwesixhobo. Ngamava adibeneyo oshishino, agcinwe kwiinkampani ezithe zadlula kumjikelo wezinto eziphathekayo kunye neenguqu zenkqubo, ezijika iinkqubela phambili zobugcisa ezizimeleyo zibe yindlela yokuvelisa ethembekileyo. Inyathelo elikhulu elilandelayo linokuba kukulinganisa indlela esabelana ngayo ngayo yonke le nkqubo yolwazi ichuliweyo, ephumelele nzima.
