Xa umntu esithi 'ukutyalomali olukwizinga eliphezulu', iingqondo ezininzi zitsibela ngqo kumanani okunyamezelana kunye neenkcazo zokugqiba komphezulu. Leyo yinxalenye yalo, ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa ukuba uchithe naliphi na ixesha lokwenyani kumgangatho wesiseko, uyazi kulapho incoko iqala khona, ayipheli. Owona mgangatho ukwinkqubo yezigqibo ozenzayo ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba isinyithi sibethe ukungunda, izigqibo ezingahlali zifakwe kwisicatshulwa esicocekileyo sePDF. Luyilo lwesango olulungisayo olusekwe kwisilahlwa senyanga ephelileyo, ixesha lokumisa iqokobhe olilungelelanisa ukufuma kwalapha kuloo veki, okanye ukwazi ukuba leliphi ibakala elingenaziphene eliziphetheyo phantsi kokupholisa ngokukhawuleza kwelo candelo linodonga olubhityileyo. Abathengi abaninzi kakhulu, kwaye ngokunyaniseka ezinye iinjineli ezintsha, ziyiphatha njengenkonzo yorhwebo-thumela imodeli ye-3D, ufumane inxalenye. Umsantsa phakathi kwaloo nto kunye nomgangatho ophezulu ngokwenene kulapho yonke into enika umdla, kwaye iyakhathazayo, yenzeka.
Isiseko: Iqala phambi kweWax
Awukwazi ukuthetha ngomgangatho ngaphandle kokuthetha ngepateni. Ndibone iiprojekthi zisilela kuba eli nyathelo liye lakhawuleza. Imodeli egqibeleleyo yeCAD ayiguquleli ngokuzenzekelayo kwipateni egqibeleleyo yewax. Iiparamitha ze-injection-iqondo lokushisa, uxinzelelo, ixesha lokujikeleza-kufuneka zicofelwe kwi-wax ethile yokudibanisa kunye nejometri yecandelo. Iblade ye turbine entsonkothileyo enefoyile zomoya ezicekethekileyo kunye necandelo elishinyeneyo leengcambu? Kuya kufuneka ukuba ufune amasango enaliti ahlukeneyo kunye noseto lokupholisa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokufa okufanayo. Ukuba ipateni ye-wax inoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi okanye ukuphazamiseka okuncinci, ezo zibhaka kuwo onke amanyathelo alandelayo. Ndikhumbula umsebenzi wempompo yempompo apho sasihlala sifumana i-warpage encinci kumdlalo wokugqibela. Sileqe imisila yethu kumjikelo wokudubula kangangeentsuku ngaphambi kokuba sibuyele umva kwaye saqonda ukuba ubushushu benaliti ye-wax yayiyi-5 degrees C iphezulu kakhulu, ibangela ukuncipha okungalinganiyo. Lolo luhlobo lwengcambu-unobangela wokwemba ochaza umgangatho.
Apha kulapho amava ngemathiriyeli engenakuxoxisana. Kwindawo efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kunye nemvelaphi yabo yeminyaka engama-30, olo lwazi lwevenkile yepateni luziko. Abacinezeli nje iwax; balindele ukuba njani umthwebeba a ialloy esekwe nickel Inxalenye ye-iturbine iyakuziphatha ngokwahlukileyo kwiwax yecandelo eliqhelekileyo le-316 elingenasici ngexesha lokuthotywa kwewax. Oko kubona kwangaphambili kuyinto ethe cwaka kodwa ebalulekileyo umgangatho ophezulu wotyalo-mali.
Kwaye indibano yewax, okanye umthi, yindlela yobugcisa. Indlela oziqhelanisa ngayo iipateni kwisprue esisembindini ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amandla okuzalisa kunye nokuqina. Ufuna ukunciphisa isiphithiphithi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuqina komkhombandlela ukuya kwi-feeder. Ijongeka ilula-nje i-welding wax sticks-kodwa i-angle kunye nokubekwa ngamabomu. Umthi owenziwe kakubi yiresiphi yeepokotho zokushwabana zodwa, nokuba iqokobhe lakho lilunge kangakanani na.
Iqokobhe: Apho ukungaguquguquki kuKumkani
Igobolondo le-ceramic yimbumba yokoqobo, kwaye ingqibelelo yayo yinto yonke. Inkqubo ye-dip-coat-coat multi-layer ibonakala ilula: i-prime slurry, i-stucco, yomile, iphinda. Kodwa umtyholi kwiinkcukacha eziliwaka. I-viscosity ye-slurry idinga ukubeka iliso rhoqo kunye nokulungiswa-itshintsha ngobushushu kwaye njengoko izinto zihamba. Ukwabiwa kobukhulu besanti yestucco kwidyasi nganye (idla ngokucoleka kwiidyasi zobuso, irhabaxa kwiidyasi ezikhuselayo) kufuneka ilawulwe ukuze kwakhiwe ukomelela ngeli lixa kuvunyelwa ukugqobhoza kwerhasi.
Imekobume yokomisa yinto enkulu ehlala ijongelwa phantsi. Ndikhe ndasebenza kwiindawo apho ukufuma okunyakanyiswa kuguquguquka kunokonakalisa iishedyuli zokomisa iqokobhe, okukhokelela kwiintanda okanye amandla aluhlaza aphantsi. Igumbi lokomisa elilawulwa ngokwenene, elinobushushu obungaguqukiyo kunye nokunciphisa umswakama, asiyonto yokunethezeka; sisiseko se umgangatho ophezulu wotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kwayo, ungcakaza. Iqokobhe kufuneka lomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuze likwazi ukusinda xa ligxothwa kwaye liphathwa, kodwa libe nemingxuma ngokwaneleyo ukuvumela umoya ukuba uphume ngexesha lokugalelwa. Ukulungisa olo lungelelwano bubuchule obuqheliselwayo, obuchukumisayo—amagcisa alazi ngesandi nokuvakala kweqokobhe xa sele lilungile.
Ukukhupha iwaxing ngokwako yeyona ndawo yothukayo. Uninzi lusebenzisa i-autoclaves yomphunga ngoku. Ukufudumeza okukhawulezayo kunyibilikisa i-wax ngaphandle, kodwa ukuba kwenziwa ngokugqithiseleyo, kunokuqhekeza igobolondo kuxinzelelo lwe-thermal. Uxinzelelo kunye neeprofayili zexesha lomjikelo ziphuhliswa kwiminyaka. Ukuqhekeka apha kunokuba yi-microscopic, kodwa iya kubonakala njenge-fin okanye i-flash kwi-casting yokugqibela, ifuna umsebenzi ogqityiweyo owongezelelweyo okanye ukubangela ukwaliwa.
Ukunyibilika nokugalela: Indawo yokungabuyi
Apha kulapho wonke umsebenzi wokulungiselela uvavanywa khona. Kwii-alloys eziphezulu zokusebenza ezifana ne ialloys esekwe cobalt okanye super duplex steels stainless ezidweliswe QSY, ukunyibilika practice yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Ayikokufikelela nje kwiqondo lobushushu le-liquid. Imalunga nokubamba ixesha, ulawulo lwe-slag, kunye nokususa igesi okusebenzayo ukunciphisa i-porosity. Udinga umoya wesithando esifanelekileyo (ngokuqhelekileyo i-argon okanye i-vacuum ye-alloys esebenzayo) ukukhusela i-oxidation kunye nokwakheka kokubandakanywa.
Ukugalela lixesha elifutshane, elithatha isigqibo. Intsimbi kufuneka ibe kwi-superheat echanekileyo-ishushu ngokwaneleyo ukuze igcwalise yonke isikhunta, ngokukodwa amacandelo amancinci, kodwa ayishushu kakhulu kangangokuba ibangela ukuphendulwa kwe-metal-shell okanye ukukhula kweenkozo. Ukugalela kufuneka kube mpuluswa kwaye kuqhubeke ukunqanda isiphithiphithi esibamba umoya. Ndikhumbula imeko entsonkothileyo apho sasine-porosity eqhubekayo kwindawo ethile. Sizamile ukulungisa isango, iqokobhe, yonke into. Ekugqibeleni, siye sathoba isantya sokugalela malunga ne-20%. Kwafumaniseka ukuba ukugalela ngokukhawuleza kwakwenza i-vortex kuloo mngxuma, ifunxa umoya. Umsinga ocothayo, ozinzileyo wayisombulula. Ngamanye amaxesha ukulungiswa akubobuchwephesha obuphezulu; kukuqwalaselo nje kunye nomonde.
Ukuqinisa sisenzo sokugqibela senkqubo yokuphosa. Uyilo lokungunda (amasango kunye neefedyuli esakhe iiyure okanye iintsuku ngaphambili) ngoku kufuneka zisebenze. Intsimbi kufuneka yomelele kwicala eliya ngakulo, ukusuka kweyona ndawo ikude ngasemva ukuya kwi-feeder, esebenza njengovimba wentsimbi engamanzi ukondla ukucutheka. Ukuba oku akwenzeki, ufumana i-shrinkage porosity ngaphakathi kodonga lokuphosa. Ukulinganisa ikhompyuter kuyanceda kule mihla, kodwa akukho nto inokuthatha indawo yokusika inqaku lokuqala lokuqinisekisa ipateni yokuqinisa. Luvavanyo olutshabalalisayo, kodwa kuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yakho ilungile.
Ukugqitywa kunye nokuQinisekisa: Umsebenzi ongabonakaliyo
Nje ukuba uvuthulule umboniso, eyona mettle yokwenyani ye-Foundry ibonisa. A umgangatho ophezulu wotyalo-mali kufuneka ifune ukugqiba okuncinci. Kodwa incinci ingundoqo. Ukudityaniswa kwesango kunye ne-feeder kufuneka kunqunyulwe, ngokuqhelekileyo ngesarha yesantya esiphezulu okanye ivili elirhabaxa. Emva koko kukho ukugaya, ukudibanisa, kunye nokudutyulwa kokudubula. Ubuchule apha kukususa izinto ezingaphezulu ngaphandle kokonakalisa inxalenye okanye ukushiya uxinzelelo loxinzelelo. Kwisibiyeli esibalulekileyo se-aerospace, ukugaya okunobundlongondlongo kunokudala indawo yokuqalisa i-micro-crack.
Apha kulapho ukudibanisa kunye CNC Machining iba yinzuzo enkulu, into ye-QSY edityanisiweyo yokuphosa kunye nokuseta iimbalasane zokuseta. Ukuba noomatshini bangaphakathi endlini kuthetha ukuba iqela eligqibayo liyaqonda ukuba yeyiphi imiphezulu eyidatha ebalulekileyo yokwenziwa ngoomatshini kamva. Basenokushiya isitokhwe esongezelelekileyo (ukunyamezelana okulungileyo) kwezo ndawo zikhethekileyo ngelixa becoca iindawo ezingabalulekanga ukuze zibe nokumila kakuhle. Yindlela elungelelanisiweyo ethintela ukugaya ngaphezulu komhlaba ekuya kuthi kamva umatshini womatshini awunqumle.
Ungqinisiso lubekwe. Iitshekhi ezinobungakanani kunye nee-CMM zeempawu ezibalulekileyo, uvavanyo lwedayi yokungena kwiziphene zomhlaba, iX-reyi okanye i-UT yokuthembeka kwangaphakathi. Kwiindawo ezinentembeko ephezulu, uhlala usenza konke oku kungentla. Umkhondo wamaphepha-ingxelo enyibilikayo, iirekhodi zokuhlola-ziyinxalenye yomgangatho njengenxalenye yomzimba. Bubungqina bolawulo. I-Foundry engakwaziyo ukubonelela ngephakheji yedatha ehambelanayo mhlawumbi ayizange ibe nenkqubo ehambelanayo.
Owona Mlinganiso Wokwenyani: UkuSombulula Iingxaki, Hayi nje Ukwenza Amacandelo
Ke, yintoni eyahlula umboneleli olungileyo wotyalo-mali ukusuka komkhulu? Asiyoncwadana. Yindlela abasabela ngayo xa kukho into engekho-script. I-alloy entsha iziphatha ngokungalindelekanga. Uyilo lunendawo eshushu yendalo. Umgangatho we-Foundry utyhilwa kwi-loop yabo yokusombulula iingxaki. Ngaba bagxeka iwax okanye ibhetshi yentsimbi? Okanye ngaba banobunzulu bobunjineli bokuqhuba i-DOE encinci, ukuhlengahlengisa ubume bomthi, ukuguqula ifomula ye-slurry, kwaye ubuyele kuwe ngesisombululo kunye nedatha?
Lilo ixabiso leqabane elinembali enzulu yokusebenza. Nini Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. uthetha malunga namashumi amathathu eminyaka iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa kwaye utyalo mali, elo xesha limela ithala leencwadi leengxaki eziconjululweyo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba babone inguqulelo yomngeni wakho ngaphambili. Loo nkumbulo yeziko inqanda ukufunda kwakhona okuxabisa imali eninzi kunye novavanyo kunye nempazamo kwidayimenti yakho.
Ekugqibeleni, umgangatho ophezulu wotyalo-mali yityathanga lekhulu elincinci, amanyathelo aqwalaselwe kakuhle. Lishishini elixhaswa yinzululwazi. Kumalunga nokulawula izinto eziguquguqukayo onokuzilawula (ezifana ne-slurry viscosity kunye nokugalela ubushushu) kunye nokuqonda indlela yokulawula ezo awukwazi ukuzisusa ngokupheleleyo (njengokufuma okungqongileyo). Injongo ayiyomfezeko-ayinakwenzeka inkqubo enezixhobo ezininzi ze-thermal kunye nezinto eziphathekayo-kodwa imalunga nokungaguquguquki okungapheliyo kunye nokungenelela okuhlakaniphile. Inxalenye yokugqibela edibana ne-spec, oomatshini kakuhle, kwaye benza endle? Yiloo nto nje imveliso. Umgangatho wakhiwa ngeeyure, iintsuku, kunye neminyaka ngaphambi kokuba ushiye isiseko.
