Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'ingxubevange yobushushu obuphezulu', bakhawuleza bacinge ngeenjini zejethi okanye iiinjini zomoya ezisekelwe emhlabeni. Akulunganga oko, kodwa ngumbono womgangatho ongaphezulu ophosa imiceli mngeni yokwenyani, emdaka yokusebenza ngezi zixhobo. Amaphepha athile adwelisa amanani anomtsalane-ukumelana nokunyuka, imida ye-oxidation, amandla okuqina kwi-1000 ° C-kodwa ayikuxeleli malunga nokulwa ngexesha lokucoca, ulwakhiwo olungahambelaniyo lweenkozo ukusuka kwelinye iqashiso lobushushu ukuya kwelinye, okanye ubunzima obuninzi bokufumana ukuphoswa okucocekileyo, okungenasiphako kwi-nickel-based superalloy. Lowo ngumsantsa phakathi kwethiyori kunye nomgangatho wevenkile.
I-Casting Conundrum: Apho ithiyori idibana neCrucible
Masithethe malunga nokuphosa, ngokukodwa utyalo-mali olusisonka sethu kunye nebhotolo e-QSY. Nge ialloys lobushushu obuphezulu, ngokukodwa i-nickel-based based based njenge-Inconel 718 okanye i-Hastelloy X, yonke inkqubo yindlela yokuhamba nge-tightrope. Ulawulo lweqondo lobushushu lokunyibilika lubalulekile, kodwa kunjalo nesantya sokupholisa kubundo beqokobhe. Ukukhawuleza, kwaye ubangela uxinzelelo kunye neenyembezi ezishushu; ucotha kakhulu, kwaye ufumana ukukhula okuziinkozo okugqithisileyo okubulala iimpawu zoomatshini kamva. Sineendawo eziphume zijongeka zigqibelele, kuphela ukusilela kuhlolo lweX-reyi kunye ne-subsurface shrinkage porosity. Icwecwe ledatha lithetha ukuphosa okugqwesileyo, kodwa alikhe lichaze ukuba zeziphi iindlela ezibalaseleyo zeblade yeinjini yeinjini enzima ngokuchasene ne-bushing elula.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo kumxhasi kwicandelo lokulungisa i-thermal. Babefuna iityhubhu ezikhazimlayo zesiko ezenziwe ngentsimbi i-alloy yobushushu obuphezulu, kodwa ixesha lokukhokela kwi-bar stock yayingavumelekanga. Sicebise ukuwaphosa ngenkqubo yethu yokubumba iqokobhe sisebenzisa ialloyi yokuphosa yodidi olufanayo. I-chemistry yayisondele, kodwa ayifani. Iibhetshi ezimbalwa zokuqala zaqhekeka ngexesha lonyango lobushushu besisombululo. Ingxaki? Landela izinto—into efana nomahluko kancinane kumxholo we-boron okanye we-zirconium phakathi kwespekthi esenziweyo kunye nenkosi yethu yokugalela—echaphazele ukomelela komda wokudla okuziinkozo kumgangatho obalulekileyo wobushushu. Yayingekho kwi-spec ephambili; yayikwimibhalo esemazantsi. Kuye kwafuneka sibuyele umva, silungise iqondo lobushushu lokugalela kwaye silungise irempu yonyango lobushushu ukwenzela ukunyibilika kwethu. Isebenzile, kodwa yongeza iiveki zokuzama kunye nempazamo. Yinyani leyo.
Apha kulapho amava e-Foundry ebala khona. Nge Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ngaphezu kwamashumi amathathu eminyaka kwiqokobhe kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali, sakhe ithala leencwadi ezifihlakeleyo, iiparamitha ezingabhalwanga kwiijiyometri kunye neealloyi ezahlukeneyo. Akunjalo nje ngokuba neziko lomlilo; malunga nokwazi ukuba kwi-alloy ethile esekelwe kwi-cobalt, kufuneka ulungelelanise i-mold pre-heat lokushisa ngokwahlukileyo kune-nickel-based based one ukuphumeza ukugcwalisa iyunifomu kumacandelo amancinci. Olu lwazi alukhutshelwanga; iqokelelwa ngokuphindaphinda, kwaye ewe, ngokusilela ngamaxesha athile.
Machining: Inyaniso Nzima malunga Ukugawula Materials Hard
Ukuba ukujula ngumdaniso othambileyo, machining ialloys lobushushu obuphezulu lidabi elilawulwayo. Iipropathi kanye ezenza ezi ngxube zibe zikhulu-ubunzima obuphezulu obushushu kunye nokuthambekela kokuqina komsebenzi-kubenza kube yintlupheko yezixhobo zokusika. Abantu badla ngokukujongela phantsi oku. Bacinga ukuba, Sine-CNC yanamhlanje, siya kuyithoba nje. I-nuanced ngakumbi.
Eyona mpazamo inkulu kukuyiphatha njengomatshini wentsimbi engenasici. Ngento efana ne-Inconel 625, ukuba isixhobo sakho asibukhali, ukuba isantya kunye nokutya kwakho kucinywe kancinci, okanye ukuba isipholileyo sakho asibethi kwindawo elungileyo, awufumani chip intle. Ufumana umda owakhelwe phezulu kwisixhobo, othi emva koko usebenze-uqinise umphezulu wenxalenye oyisikayo. Ngoku uzama ukunqumla ulusu oluqina ngakumbi, oluvelisa ubushushu obuninzi, obuthoba ngakumbi isixhobo. Ngumjikelo okhohlakeleyo okhokelela kwiindawo ezilahliweyo kunye nokufakwa kwe-carbide ebiza kakhulu. Sifunde oku ngendlela enzima kwangethuba, sitshisa ngokusebenzisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwezixhobo phambi kokuba sicofe iiparamitha.
Kithina e-QSY, ukudibanisa oomatshini be-CNC kunye nemisebenzi yethu yokuphosa luncedo lweqhinga. Sihlala sisenza umatshini wokuqala orhabaxa kumacandelo ethu okuphoswa. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka siphendule ngolusu lokuphosa, ukugqwetheka okuncinci okunokwenzeka, kunye noxinzelelo olushiyekileyo olusuka kwinkqubo yokuphosa. Senze iiprothokholi zangaphakathi zokulungisa kunye nokulandelelanisa imisebenzi ukunciphisa ukuqaliswa kwakhona koxinzelelo. Umzekelo, sinokwenza unyango lobushushu lokunciphisa uxinzelelo emva komatshini orhabaxa kodwa ngaphambi kokugqiba ukunyamezelana okubalulekileyo. Yongeza inyathelo, kodwa ithintela inxalenye ekuhambeni kamva enkonzweni—isifundo esifundwa kwibhetshi yemizimba yevalvu eye yakhukuliseka ngaphandle kwespekthi emva kokunikezelwa kokugqibela.
Ezizodwa kwii-Alloys eziKhethekileyo: Ukufumana izinto eziphathekayo kunye nokulandelelwa
Omnye umaleko odla ngokungahoywa yimathiriyeli ekrwada ngokwayo. Ayizizo zonke i-Inconel 718 ezenziwe zilingana. Ukusebenza kuxhomekeke ekucocekeni kwezinto ezinyulu kunye nokuchaneka kwezongezo ze-alloy master. Siye satshintsha ababoneleli ngezinto ngaphambili ngenxa yokungangqinelani kweoksijini okanye umxholo wenitrogen phakathi kokunyibilika, okubonakala njengobomi obungenamandla bokudinwa kwiindawo zokuphola zokugqibela. Xa ujongene nayo ialloys lobushushu obuphezulu kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo, isatifikethi sohlalutyo (CoA) yibhayibhile yakho. Kwi-QSY, siphicotha oko ngokusondeleyo kwaye sihlala sisenza olwethu uvavanyo lwentlantsi okanye uhlalutyo lokubonwayo kwizinto ezingenayo, ngakumbi kwi-cobalt-based okanye i-nickel-based alloys. Awukwazi ukulawula into ongayilinganisiyo.
Oku kugxininisa kwimfezeko yezinto eziphathekayo kunabela kuyo yonke inkqubo yethu. Ukuphosa utyalo-mali, sisebenzisa iinkqubo ezithile zeqokobhe le-ceramic ezihambelana ne-alloys ezisebenzayo ukuphepha ukungcoliseka komhlaba. Ukungcola okulahlekileyo okuvela kwiqokobhe kunokudala indawo ebuthathaka eye ibe yindawo yokuqaliswa kokuqhekeka phantsi kwebhayisekile eshushu. Yinkcukacha engabonakali kwimilinganiselo yenxalenye egqityiweyo, kodwa yiyo yonke into yobomi bayo benkonzo kwindawo yobushushu obuphezulu.
UVavanyo Lwentsilelo: Oyena Mfundisi Uxabisekileyo
Olunye lolona lwazi lwethu luxabisekileyo luvela kwiindawo ezingazange ziphumelele. Ekuqaleni komsebenzi wethu nge-high-chromium nickel alloy kwi-pyrolysis furnace component, sasinokusilela kwintsimi. Inxalenye yaqhekeka ecaleni komgca obonakala ngathi awukho. Uhlalutyo lwe-Metallurgical lwalatha kwi-sigma phase embrittlement. I-alloy yayiqhelekile kuyo ukuba igcinwe kuluhlu oluthile lobushushu ixesha elide. Umjikelo wethu wonyango lobushushu, owawukumgangatho wezinto ezixubeneyo ezifanayo, wawutyhalele kula festile ngokungazi. Ukulungiswa kwakungekho malunga nokutshintsha ukuphosa; yayimalunga nokuyila ngokutsha unyango lobushushu emva kokuphoswa ukuze lucime kuloo ndawo ibalulekileyo yobushushu ngokukhawuleza. Ngoku, kuyo nayiphi na entsha i-alloy yobushushu obuphezulu iprojekthi, asijongi nje kunyango olusemgangathweni; sigrumba kwiidayagram zesigaba kunye neendlela ezinokubakho ze-embrittlement. Yinto yokuzikhusela ezalwa kwisifundo esibuhlungu.
Le ndlela yokucinga ibumba indlela esijongana ngayo neeprojekthi ezintsha kunye nabathengi. Xa umxhasi osuka kwicandelo lokuvelisa amandla esiza kuthi enesicelo senxalenye yokutshintsha ubushushu eyenzelwe ngokwesiko kusetyenziswa ialloyi ekhethekileyo, imibuzo yethu yokuqala ayiphelelanga nje kwimilinganiselo. Bamalunga nomoya wokusebenza (i-oxidizing? carburizing?), Iprofayili yomjikelo we-thermal, kunye nesimo esilindelekileyo soxinzelelo. Oku kwazisa yonke into ukusuka ekukhethweni kwe-alloy (mhlawumbi ibakala eliphuculweyo le-silicon lokumelana ne-oxidation engcono?) Kuyilo lwe-feeders kunye nokunyuka kwi-mold ukuqinisekisa isandi kwiindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu.
Ukudityaniswa: Ukusuka kwi-Foundry ukuya kwiCandelo eligqityiweyo
Ixabiso lokwenyani kubathengi bethu abaninzi QSY ilele ekudityanisweni okuthe nkqo-ukuphatha uhambo olusuka kwisinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo ukuya kwinxalenye yomatshini, elungele ukuhlohla. Kuba ialloys lobushushu obuphezulu, oku kuqhubekeka kubalulekile. Umchwephesha kufuneka aqonde ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi olunokwenzeka; injineli ye-Foundry kufuneka yazi ukuba iyakuba phi imigangatho yomatshini ebalulekileyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxinana okongeziweyo apho.
Kutshanje sigqibezele uthotho lweesilaphu ze-iturbine shrouds zokuphucula i-turbocharger yeshishini. Izinto eziphathekayo yayiyi-nickel-based superalloy enzima. Ngokulawula zombini ukuphosa kunye nokuchaneka komatshini we-CNC endlini, sinokulungelelanisa. Siphosa iinxalenye kunye nesitokhwe esongezelelweyo ebusweni bokukhwelana, emva koko senza unyango olushushu lwe-isostatic (HIP) ukuvala nayiphi na i-micro-porosity. Kuphela emva kwe-HIP senze i-machining yokugqibela. Olu landelelwano, lugqitywe ngentsebenziswano phakathi kwamaqela ethu okudlala kunye noomatshini, kwaqinisekisa ukuba sisuse nakuphi na ukugqwetheka komphezulu kwi-HIP ngelixa sifumana ukuxinana kwemathiriyeli. Isiphumo yaba licandelo elinokungaguquguquki kokusebenza okungcono kunokuba iinkqubo zahlulwe phakathi kwabathengisi abahlukeneyo.
Ngumdlalo wokugqibela lowo. Ukusebenza nge-alloys yobushushu obuphezulu akukhona nje malunga nokukhetha imathiriyeli kwikhathalogu. Imalunga nokuqonda ukuziphatha kwayo ngenyathelo ngalinye lenguquko-ukusuka kulwelo ukuya kokuqinileyo, ukusuka ekubunjweni okurhabaxa ukuya kwindawo echanekileyo. Amanani akwi-spec sheet ayindawo yokuqala yencoko, hayi isiphelo. Okunye kufundwa kwisiseko, kulawulo lwe-CNC, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, ekukhanyeni okunzulu kwengxelo yohlalutyo lokusilela. Yintsimi efunwayo, kodwa yiloo nto eyenza icandelo elisebenza ngempumelelo, kwiminyaka kamva kwindawo eshushu eqhumayo, eyanelisayo. Kuthetha ukuba ufumene zonke iinkcukacha ezingabonakaliyo ngokufanelekileyo.
