Xa abantu bebuza 'ngeendleko ezilahlekileyo zokuphosa iwax', badla ngokujonga ixabiso ngeqhekeza ngalinye. Yimpazamo yokuqala leyo. Ixabiso asilonani elinye olitsalayo kwitshathi; yincoko eqala ngejometri kwifayile yakho yeCAD kwaye iphele ngokugqitywa esandleni sakho. Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi zichithwa ngenxa yokuba omnye umntu uthelekisa isicatshulwa seqhosha lobhedu elilula kwintsimbi entsonkothileyo, ebhityileyo enodonga oluqinileyo kwaye wacinga ukuba isiseko siyayikrazula. Ixabiso lokwenyani likuluhlu lwezigqibo ezenziwe kudala ngaphambi kokuba i-wax itofwe.
Isiseko: Yonke into iqala ngePateni
Awukwazi ukuthetha ngeendleko ngaphandle kokuthetha ngepateni. Ipateni elula, eyomeleleyo yegiya? Ixabiso eliphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo. Kodwa ukuba inxalenye yakho ineziteshi zangaphakathi, i-undercuts, okanye ifuna i-aluminium multi-slide mold, utyalo-mali lokuqala lwezixhobo lunokwenyuka. Ndikhumbula umxhasi owayila indlu entle enezakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo zeeleti zangaphakathi zokunciphisa ubunzima. Uyilo olumangalisayo, kodwa i-mold ifuna ii-cores ze-ceramic ezidilikayo kunye nendibano yokubumba yamacandelo amaninzi. I ukulahlwa kwewax elahlekileyo inkqubo ngokwayo yayisemgangathweni, kodwa ixabiso lepateni liphindaphindeke kabini umrhumo wokungena weprojekthi. Nantso into yomgca efihliweyo abaninzi abayiphosileyo.
Emva koko kukho i-wax ngokwayo. Ipatheni esemgangathweni yewax yindleko enye. Kodwa kwiindawo ezifuna uzinzo olugqithisileyo-cinga amacandelo amade, amancinci anokuthi ajike-unokufuna i-wax ezaliswe okanye i-polymer-blend. Oko kongeza mhlawumbi i-15-25% kwiindleko zakho eziphathekayo kanye kwi-bat. Bububi obuyimfuneko ngamanye amaxesha. Sakhe sazama ukonga imali ngokubaleka kwemizimba yevalvu ngokusebenzisa umthwebeba onexabiso eliphantsi. Isiphumo? Ugqweso olungaguquguqukiyo, oluchuliweyo kulungelelwaniso lwebhore engazange ibanjwe de kube yimachine, kucinywa ibhetshi epheleleyo. Imali eyongiwe yatshitshiswa izihlandlo ezilishumi.
Umthamo welinye icala lengqekembe yepateni. A $10,000 ngundo amortized phezu 50 iziqwenga bukhohlakele. Ngaphezulu kwamaqhekeza angama-50,000, iba yinto engento. Apha kulapho iqabane elisisiseko elilungileyo kufuneka likukhokele. Kwi-volume ephantsi, i-high-complexity parts, ngamanye amaxesha i-3D-printed-printed or even direct binder jetting ye-ceramic shell inoqoqosho ngakumbi, nangona iindleko zenkqubo yeyunithi nganye. Idlula ngokupheleleyo isixhobo esinzima. Iinkampani ezibonelela ngeendlela zemveli kunye nezanamhlanje, njenge Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), yiba neadvanteji apha. Bangacebisa ngokungenamkhethe eyona ndlela ineendleko zomthamo wakho, nokuba yeyakudala utyalo mali isixhobo okanye indlela exutyiweyo.
Umdlalo weShell: Iindleko zeCeramic kunye nexesha leNkqubo
Inkqubo yokwakha iqokobhe leceramic kulapho ixabiso leyunithi nganye libhakwa khona. Umjikelo ngamnye wokudipha, ukugalela isanti, kunye nokomisa wongeza umsebenzi, amandla, kunye neendleko zemathiriyeli. Indawo eshinyeneyo, enzima inokufuna iileya ezisi-7-9 zodaka lweceramic kunye nestucco. Indawo ethambileyo, ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu kwi-aerospace inokufuna iidyasi ezikhethekileyo ezisekwe kwi-zirconia kunye nemigangatho eyongeziweyo yemfezeko, inyusa ngakumbi iindleko zokuphosa.
Ukungaphumeleli kweShell ngumbulali wohlahlo lwabiwo-mali othe cwaka. Ukuba igobolondo iyaqhekeka ngexesha le-dewaxing (i-autoclave okanye inkqubo yomlilo we-flash) okanye ngexesha lokuthulula, awulahlekelwanga nje nge-wax, kodwa yonke imisebenzi kunye nezinto ezityalwe kwigobolondo. Ukulawula indawo yokomisa—ukufuma nobushushu—kubalulekile. Kwelinye lamaziko ethu amadala angenawo amagumbi okomisa alawulwa yimozulu, sabona izinga lokuqhekeka kwamaqokobhe enyuka ngexesha lemvula. Iindleko zazingekho kumaqokobhe alahlekileyo kuphela; ibikukulibaziseka kwemveliso kunye nexesha elongezelelekileyo lokubetha umhla wokuthunyelwa. Abaseki banamhlanje abaneendawo ezilawulwayo babhaka oku kuthembeka kumaxabiso abo.
Ikwamalunga nexesha lomjikelo. Iqokobhe elithatha iintsuku ezi-5 ukwakha xa lithelekiswa neentsuku ezisi-7 (usebenzisa itekhnoloji yokumisa ekwinqanaba eliphezulu okanye iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubopha) ibophelela inkunzi yakho kunye nendawo yomgangatho ngokwahlukileyo. Eli xabiso le-overhead lisasazwa kuyo yonke imisebenzi evenkileni. Umxube ophezulu, ubume bexabiso eliphantsi lwevenkile luya kwahluka kumgca ozinikeleyo oqhuba izigidi zeentloko zeeklabhu zegalufa ezifanayo. Xa ufumana ikowuti, ukwahlawulela ukusebenza kakuhle kwevenkile-okanye ukungasebenzi kwayo.
I-Metal Factor: Ngakumbi kunexabiso nje ngeKilo
Ngokucacileyo, ukhetho lwe-alloy ngumqhubi omkhulu. 304 stainless versus 316. Intsimbi yekhabhoni ngokuchasene ne-nickel-based superalloy efana ne-Inconel 718. Umahluko weendleko zemathiriyeli ekrwada unokuba yi-10x. Kodwa eso sisiqalo nje. Ukuziphatha okunyibilikayo kutshintsha yonke into. Iisuperalloys zihlala zifuna ukunyibilika kwevacuum kunye nokugalelwa, nto leyo ixabisa kakhulu isixhobo esiyinkunzi kunye neendleko zokusebenza xa kuthelekiswa neziko elivulekileyo lokungenisa intsimbi.
Isivuno ligama lomlingo apha. Ingakanani intsimbi oyigalelayo ephela kwindawo yokugqibela? Uyilo olushinyeneyo, oluyichunky lunokuba ne-70% yesivuno. Inxalenye enamaphiko amade, abhityileyo kunye nenkqubo entsonkothileyo yokungena inokuba nesivuno esiyi-40%. Loo ntsimbi elahlekileyo-i-sprue, abagijimi, amasango, kunye nokunyuka-iphinda isetyenziswe, kodwa uhlawula ukunyibilika kokuqala, amandla okuyinyibilikisa, kunye nokulahlekelwa kwi-oxidation (uthele i-shrinkage). Ndihlala ndixelela abayili: uyilo lwesivuno. Ngamanye amaxesha ukongeza i-1mm yobukhulu eludongeni kunokuphucula ngokumangalisayo ukuzaliswa kunye nokunciphisa i-scrap, ukonga iindleko zetsimbi ezigqithisa kakhulu ubunzima obongezelelweyo.
Apha kulapho i-Foundry's material specialization ibalulekile. Ivenkile efana QSY, edwelisa amava athile kunye ne-cobalt-based kunye ne-nickel-based alloys, iphucule iiparitha zabo kwezi zinto zikhohlisayo. Bayalazi iqondo lobushushu elichanekileyo lokugalelwa, ukufudumeza kweqokobhe, kunye nesantya sokupholisa esifunekayo kwisivuno esihle kwindawo yeHastelloy. Ukusebenzisa isiseko eyona nto iphosa intsimbi kwiprojekthi yakho yentsimbi engatyiwayo kunokuba nexabiso eliphantsi ngexabiso, kodwa ijika labo lokufunda kunye nesivuno esinokuba sezantsi sinokwenza isiphelo. iindleko zokulahla i-wax ezilahlekileyo phezulu.
I-Post-Casting: Apho i-50% efihliweyo ihlala khona
Lo ngowona umothuko mkhulu kwabasanda kufika. Iindleko zokuphosa ekrwada zihlala zisisiqingatha sebali. I-casting iphuma kunye namasango aqhotyoshelweyo, ukuthungwa kwendawo evela kwi-ceramic, kunye namaphiko amancinci anokwenzeka kumgca wokuhlukana. Yonke into emva kwe-shakeout yindleko yokusebenza yesibini.
Ukunqunyulwa kuqala. Ukusika ngesandla ngesarha ngumsebenzi onzima. Ukusika i-abrasive ngokuzenzekelayo okanye i-band sawing kungcono. Kwi-volume ephezulu, izikhululo zokusika iirobhothi ziyimfuneko. Emva koko ukugaya. Ukususa i-stubs yesango kunye nemigangatho egudileyo ngumsebenzi ococekileyo wezandla. Inxalenye eyinkimbinkimbi enamasango kwiindawo ezinzima ukufikelela kuzo ingathatha i-grinder enobuchule imizuzu engama-30, apho inxalenye elula inokuthatha i-2. Eli nqanaba lomsebenzi longeza ngokukhawuleza.
Emva koko, unyango lokushisa. Ngaba iyafuneka ukuthomalalisa uxinzelelo? Ukufezekisa iipropati ezithile zoomatshini? Leyo ngomnye umjikelo weziko, elinye inyathelo lolungiselelo, elinye ixabiso. Uvavanyo olungonakalisi (NDT). Ngaba inxalenye idinga i-X-reyi, i-dayi engena ngaphakathi, okanye i-ultrasonic inspection? Uvavanyo ngalunye longeza ixesha kunye neendleko zengcali. Ekugqibeleni, nayiphi na CNC Machining. Uninzi lokuphoswa kotyalo-mali lukufutshane-nemilo, kodwa ujongano olubalulekileyo luhlala lufuna ukwenziwa ngoomatshini. I-Foundry ye-in-house machining isakhono, njengaleyo inikezelwa yi-QSY, yindleko enkulu yokusindisa. Ukudibanisa ukuphosa kunye nomatshini kuphelisa ukuthunyelwa, ukulungiswa kwakhona, kunye nezithuba zonxibelelwano phakathi kwabathengisi abahlukeneyo. Iindleko zokuphosa ngendlela engafanelekanga ngenxa yokutolikwa kakubi komzobo phakathi kweenkampani kunokuba yintlekele.
Ukuyibeka Ndaweninye: Isicatshulwa esiyinyani
Ke, xa ufumana ikowuti, awuhlawuleli ukuphosa. Uhlawulela: Ipateni/i-amortization yezixhobo, inaliti yewax, umsebenzi wokwakha iqokobhe kunye nemathiriyeli, ukunyibilika kwesinyithi & ukugalela (ukulungiswa kwesivuno), shakeout, cutoff, ukucola, ukunyangwa kobushushu obunokubakho, i-NDT enokubakho, kunye nentloko yolawulo. Isicatshulwa esihle esivela kwiqabane elinamava njenge QSY Technology ngokufuthi uya kuzicalula ezi okanye ubuncinane ukulungele ukuzicacisa. Iminyaka yabo engama-30 iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa kwaye utyalo mali kuthetha ukuba babone imigibe yeendleko kumawaka eeprojekthi.
Isicatshulwa esisezantsi sesona siyingozi kakhulu. Kusenokuthetha ukuba basebenzisa ialloyi yodidi olusezantsi, ukutsiba ulawulo olululo lwenkqubo, okanye ukujongela phantsi ukwenziwa komsebenzi. Nditshiswe yilento. Sawonga umsebenzi kwezinye izinto zokumpompa umntu othengisayo ophantsi. I-castings yayibukeka ilungile, kodwa ngexesha lomatshini, safumana i-porosity engaqhelekanga. Iindleko zamalungu angaphumeleliyo, indibano ebambezelekile, kunye negama elidumileyo kunye nomxhasi wethu wokugqibela yayisisifundo samanani asixhenxe.
Ekugqibeleni, ukulawula iindleko zokulahla i-wax ezilahlekileyo imalunga nentsebenziswano kunye nokucaca. Ukubonelela ngoyilo olucocekileyo, olunokwenziwa. Cacisa malunga noqikelelo lwevolumu yakho-hayi nje kumyalelo wokuqala, kodwa kumjikelo wobomi bemveliso. Xoxa ngeendawo ezibalulekileyo-kumsebenzi kwangethuba ukuze isiseko sibeke amasango kunye nezinyusi ngokufanelekileyo. Khetha iqabane elinezinto ezifanelekileyo kunye nobuchule benkqubo kwinxalenye yakho ethile. Ixabiso ke liba yi-equation yexabiso: uhlawulela isiqinisekiso, umgangatho, kunye nenxalenye esebenza kanye okokuqala. Leyo kuphela kweendleko ezibaluleke ngokwenene ekugqibeleni.
