Uva 'i-Inconel 718' kwaye ngoko nangoko ucinge 'izinto ezinzima zamacandelo ashushu' - iinxalenye ze-jet injini, iidiski zomoya, olo hlobo lwento. Yinyani leyo, kodwa kukwalapho umgibe oqhelekileyo uqala khona. Abantu babona amanani aphezulu kunye nokunyuka kwamanani kwi-700 ° C kwaye bacinge ukuba yinguqulo enzima ye-316 engenasici. Ayiyo. Olona celomngeni asingomandla ayo kuphela; yindlela loo mandla aziphatha ngayo xa uzama ukwenza into ngayo. Ibali le-machining kunye ne-post-processing kulapho amava okwenene abhalwa khona.
UkuSila ngoMatshini-Ngokoqobo
Masithethe izixhobo zokusika. Kwangoko, safunda ngendlela enzima ukuba ukuyiphatha njengentsimbi yobushushu obuphezulu yindlela ekhawulezayo yokufaka eyonakeleyo kunye neenxalenye ezilahliweyo. Ukusebenza nzima kunzima. Ukuba isixhobo sakho asikho bukhali, okanye ukuba uhlala kancinci, awusayi kusika-usebenza ngokubandayo umphezulu ube yinto enzima nangakumbi. Sitshise ngeentlobo ezininzi zeekhabhide ezigqunyiweyo ngaphambi kokuba sizinze kumgangatho othile onegeometry ebukhali, ekhazimlisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, ujonge kwizantya mhlawumbi i-20% yento onokuyiqhuba ngentsimbi. Yinkqubo ecothayo, ebiza imali eninzi, kwaye into yokupholisa ayikhethi; sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokulawula ubushushu ukunqanda i-workpiece ngokwayo ekubeni ishushu kakhulu kwaye ibenze lukhuni ngakumbi.
Ndikhumbula ibhetshi yemizimba yevalvu esasisebenza kuyo ngoomatshini Ikhoneli 718 isitokhwe sebha. Ushicilelo lufuna ukugqitywa komphezulu ocolekileyo kwezinye iibhore zangaphakathi. Siyifumene imilinganiselo igqibelele, kodwa isiphelo sasinobunkonkoni, siphantse sakrazuka. Ingxaki? Ukuphambuka kwesixhobo. Nokuba kuseto olungqongqo, amandla okusika ayephezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba enze incoko yomzuzu. Kuye kwafuneka sibuyele umva, siyila ngokutsha indlela yesixhobo ukuze sithathe iipasi zokugqiba ezikhaphukhaphu, kwaye sitshintshele kwisifakelo esikhethekileyo sokucima. Yongeza iiyure kwixesha lomjikelo, kodwa yayiyiloo nto okanye inxalenye engayi kutywinwa ngokufanelekileyo. Leyo yindleko efihliweyo - ixesha lobunjineli kunye nenkqubo yokulungisa engabonakali kwixabiso lempahla ekrwada ngekhilogram.
Ukugrumba kunye nokucofa kusisihogo sabo esikhethekileyo. Ukukhutshwa kweChip yinkosi. Ezo chips zinentambo, ezomeleleyo ziya kusonga i-drill kwaye ziyihluthe ngokubetha kwentliziyo ukuba awugqojoli ngamandla kwaye usebenzisa i-high-pressure coolant ngokusebenzisa isixhobo. Kwimisonto, sihlala sikhankanya iimpompo ze-spiral-flute kunye nemibhobho yetephu enkulu. Ukuzama ukusika umsonto we-50%. Ikhoneli 718 icela impompo eyaphukileyo engcwatywe nzulu kwindawo ebiza kakhulu. Ufunda ukunika igumbi impahla.
Ukuphosa iingxaki-Hayi nje ukugalela kwaye uhambe
Ukusuka kubuchwephesha ukuya kwimilo ekufutshane ne-net ngokusebenzisa utyalo-mali- ngowona mdlalo wethu ongundoqo Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Ngaphezulu kwamashumi amathathu eminyaka kwiqokobhe kunye notyalo-mali, siye sasebenzisa i-nickel alloys eninzi kwi-Foundry. Ikhoneli 718 yinto eqhelekileyo, kodwa inzima. Indawo ephezulu yokunyibilika kwe-alloy yinto enye; ukulawula ukuqina kwayo ukunqanda amabala, ucalucalulo, kunye nokukrazuka okushushu ngomnye umdlalo webhola ngokupheleleyo.
Uyilo lokungena kunye nokunyuka kwe-718 lubaluleke kakhulu kuneentsimbi ezininzi. Udinga ukuqina okuthe ngqo ukondla ukushwabana okukhulu ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba i-thermal gradients ayilunganga, uphela une-micro-porosity kumacandelo ashinyeneyo okanye iinyembezi zomphezulu kufutshane neenguqu ezibhityileyo ukuya kubunzima. Sineendawo eziphuma kwiqokobhe zikhangeleka zigqibelele, kuphela iX-reyi okanye i-UT iveze ilifu le-porosity entle kwi-hub. Yilahleko epheleleyo leyo. Inyanzelise uphononongo olupheleleyo lobushushu bethu bokuthulula kunye neprothokholi yokufudumeza kwangaphambili yaloo jiyometri. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukulungiswa kuyaphikisana-i-superheat esezantsi kancinci inokunciphisa isiphithiphithi kwaye iphucule isandi, nangona usebenza kufutshane ne-alloy's liquidus.
Emva koko kukho i-as-cast structure. Awukwazi ukuyisebenzisa njengoko-injalo. Ubume be-dendritic bendalo kunye nobukho obunokwenzeka besigaba seLaves (i-brittle intermetallics etyebileyo kwi-niobium) kuthetha ukuba inxalenye ineempawu ezimbi zoomatshini ngqo ngaphandle kokungunda. Eli linqaku elibalulekileyo abathengi abaninzi abaphoswayo: icandelo le-718 ligqitywe sisiqingatha kuphela. Ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka idlule kunyango lobushushu be-homogenization - ukufunxa okude, okuqhelekileyo ngaphezulu kwe-1100 ° C - ukunyibilikisa ezo zigaba ziyingozi zibuyela kwi-matrix. Yeqa oku, kwaye inxalenye iya kusilela kwangaphambi kwexesha phantsi koxinzelelo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba kuhle kangakanani ukuphosa.
Umdaniso woNyango loBubushushu – imalunga nolandelelwano
Le yintliziyo yokufumana Ikhoneli 718 ukwenza. Unyango oluqhelekileyo lokuguga (720 ° C kwiiyure ze-8, isithando somlilo sipholile kwi-620 ° C, sibambe iiyure ze-8, umoya opholileyo) ubhalwe kakuhle. Kodwa ulandelelwano olunxulumene neminye imisebenzi yinto yonke. Kwinxalenye yomatshini ovela kwisitokhwe esisetyenzisiweyo, uyimatshini ngokwesiqhelo ikwimeko efakwe i-annealed (ethambileyo), emva koko uyiguge. Ivakala ngokuthe ngqo.
Kodwa inxalenye ephosiweyo, inzima ngakumbi. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, wenza i-homogenize kuqala. Emva koko, unokwenza umjikelo oshushu we-isostatic (HIP) ukuvala nayiphi na intsalela ye-micro-porosity. Umbuzo obalulekileyo ngulo: ngaba wenza i-HIP ngaphambi okanye emva konyango lwesisombululo? Kukho ingxoxo. Siyenzile iindlela zombini. I-HIPing emva konyango lobushushu be-sub-solvus inokusebenza, kodwa kufuneka uqaphele kakhulu ngamaqondo obushushu ukunqanda ukukhula kweenkozo. Ngoku sikhetha ngokubanzi i-HIP kwimeko ye-as-cast + homogenized, emva koko siqhubeke nolandelelwano olupheleleyo lonyango lobushushu. Yongeza indleko, kodwa idatha ibonisa iipropati ezingcono kunye nezingatshintshiyo zokudinwa, ezihlala ziyi-spec ebalulekileyo kwiindawo ezijikelezayo.
Enye i-nuance enye: ukukhululeka koxinzelelo. Ukuba wenza umatshini obalulekileyo emva kokuguga (ozama ukuwuphepha, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha awukwazi), udinga isiqabu soxinzelelo lobushushu obuphantsi emva koko. Awukwazi ukuya phezulu okanye uya kudlula-ubudala imathiriyeli. Luzinzo olungagungqiyo phakathi kozinzo lwe-dimensional kunye nokugcina i-gamma double-prime precipitates enika i-718 amandla ayo.
I-Welding kunye nokulungiswa - Qhubeka ngononophelo olugqithisileyo
Ngamanye amaxesha i-casting inesiphene esingaphezulu ocinga ukuba ungasilungisa, okanye indawo eyenziwe ngoomatshini idinga i-weld overlay. Nge-718, lo ngumsebenzi onobungozi obuphezulu. I-alloy ithanda ukuqhekeka kwe-strain-age kwindawo echatshazelwe bubushushu (HAZ) post-weld, ngakumbi ukuba ikwimeko yobudala. Umjikelezo we-welding thermal uzisa uxinzelelo, kwaye unyango olulandelayo lokuguga (ukuba lusetyenzisiwe) lunokubangela ukuqhekeka njengoko i-HAZ izama ukubuyisela kwakhona.
Umgangatho wokuziqhelanisa kukudibanisa kwi-annealed condition, emva koko ubeke yonke indibano kumjikelo opheleleyo wokuqina kweminyaka. Kodwa nangona kunjalo, impumelelo ayiqinisekiswanga. Sazama ukulungisa indlu enkulu yeinjini yomoya kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Landela incwadi: i-anneal yangaphambi kwe-weld, isetyenzisiwe i-ERNiFeCr-2 ucingo lokuzalisa (isiseko se-718 ukubunjwa), iqondo lokushisa elilawulwayo le-interpass. Yayijongeka igqibelele emva kwe-welding. Emva komjikelo wokwaluphala, nangona kunjalo, ukuhlolwa kokungena kwedayi kwabonisa uthungelwano lweentanda kwi-HAZ. Inxalenye yayiyinkunkuma. Isigqibo yayikukuba ubunzima bokuphosa budale uthintelo oluqatha kangangokuba uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo olusuka kwi-welding lwaluphezulu kakhulu, nasemva kweminyaka egcweleyo kwakhona. Ngoku, umgaqo-nkqubo wethu kukunqanda ukuwelda iminyaka engama-718 nanini na xa kunokwenzeka ngokobuntu. Iindleko zokungaphumeleli ziphezulu kakhulu. Ukuba uyilo lufuna i-welding, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-weldable eyahlukileyo njenge-625 yaloo sub-assembly.
Ukubonelela kunye neChayini yoBonelelo yeHlabathi yokwenyani
Ayizizo zonke Ikhoneli 718 yenziwe ngokulinganayo. Amaphepha athile avela kwimizila eyahlukeneyo okanye amaziko anokuthi adibane ne-AMS 5662 okanye i-5663, kodwa usathana ukwindlela yokunyibilika. I-VIM-VAR (i-Vacuum Induction Melt elandelwa yi-Vacuum Arc Remelt) yimathiriyeli yegolide yeendawo ezijikelezayo kwi-aerospace kuba inciphisa ukubandakanywa kwaye inikezela ngokufanayo, isakhiwo esihle sengqolowa. Kwizinto ezininzi zokuphoswa kwe-static, i-VIM enye iyanyibilika inokwanela, kodwa kufuneka ukwazi ukubaluleka kwesicelo.
Oku kulapho inkqubo yokulawula inkqubo yeqabane ibalulekile. E-QSY, ugqaliselo lwethu kukutyalo-mali kunye nokwenza ubuchwephesha be-CNC bezinto ezinje ngoku kuthetha ukuba asithengi nje isitokhwe sokusila; silawula ikhemistri ekunyibilikeni kwisiseko sethu sokwenziwa, okanye siqinisekisa ngokungqongqo ababoneleli bethu besitokhwe sebha. Uphuhlisa imvakalelo apho iingxelo zokunyibilika zibonisa ubushushu obucocekileyo. Ujonge isulfure ephantsi, amanqanaba alawulwayo e-magnesium okanye i-cerium yokulawula imilo yesulfide. Zizi nkcukacha ezingafunekiyo ezibonisa ukuba ibhetshi yamalungu iya kudlula uhlolo lwe-ultrasonic okanye enye ingaphumeleli kuvavanyo lokudinwa komjikelo ophezulu.
Ekugqibeleni, kukho inyaniso yezoqoqosho. I-718 iyabiza. Umxholo we-niobium uyakubona oko. Ke yonke uyilo oluyisebenzisayo kufuneka luthethelelwe ngemfuno yokwenyani yamandla ayo angama-650 ° C+ kunye nokuxhathisa umhlwa. Sihlala sicebisana nabathengi kwinqanaba loyilo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukutshintshela kwi-Alloy 625 ukwenzela ukuba ngcono i-weldability okanye ukuxhathisa ukubola, okanye nakwi-high-grade stainless yezicelo zokushisa okuphantsi, kunokugcina iindleko ezibalulekileyo kunye nentloko yokuvelisa ngaphandle kokuphazamisa umsebenzi. Uphawu lwamava ayikokwazi nje ukuba ungasebenza njani Ikhoneli 718; kukwazi xa uyifuna ngenene.
