Xa usiva 'i-Inconel investment casting', umfanekiso ongoko nangoko udla ngokuba ngowomnye weendawo ze-aerospace ezingonakaliyo okanye iiblade zeiturbine ezikhazimla icherry ebomvu. Ayonto iphosakeleyo, kodwa ngumbono womgangatho ongaphezulu obonisa ubunyani obunganyanisekanga. Ibali lokwenyani alikho malunga namandla obushushu obuphezulu bengxubevange; imalunga nomdaniso ocokisekileyo, odla ngokukhathazayo phakathi kwekhemistri, ubushushu, kunye namaqokobhe eceramic. Abaninzi bacinga ukuba unokuphosa i-316 engenasici, unokuphosa i-Inconel 718. Loo ngcinga kulapho iiprojekthi ziqala khona ukopha imali kunye nexesha.
Ucelomngeni olungundoqo: Konke kumalunga noLawulo
Makhe sicacise. Nge-Inconel, ngakumbi amabakala okuqina kwemvula afana nama-718 okanye ama-625, awugaleli nje isinyithi esingamanzi. Ulawula isuphu esebenzayo ye-nickel, i-chromium, i-niobium, kunye ne-molybdenum efuna ukwenza izigaba ezicimayo ukuba uyeka ukuba iphole kakubi. Inkqubo yokuphosa utyalo-mali, kunye neqokobhe leceramic yayo, ibonelela ngolawulo olumangalisayo lwe-dimensional yejometri ezintsonkothileyo-cinga iitshaneli zokupholisa ezidityanisiweyo kwiblade yeinjini yomoya. Kodwa kwa elo qokobhe linye liba sisithintelo sobushushu, libe nefuthe elibukhali kwisantya sokuqina. Ukucotha kakhulu, kwaye ufumana ukukhula okuziinkozo okugqithisileyo kunye nezo zigaba zeLaves okanye i-delta zihamba kakhulu kwimimandla ye-interdendritic, zibulala i-ductility kunye nobomi bokudinwa. Ndibone iinxalenye zidlula i-X-reyi kodwa zaqhekeka kuvavanyo lokudinwa komjikelo ophantsi kuba i-microstructure yayingalunganga. Iphepha elithile lithi Inconel 718, kodwa ukusebenza kukwiinkcukacha ezihlala zingaguquki.
Apha kulapho amava e-Foundry engaxoxiswana. Ayisiyonto nje yokuba ne-vacuum induction melting (VIM) eziko. Kumalunga nenkqubo yokuphoswa kwangaphambili: idizayini yokufa kwenaliti ye-wax yokunciphisa ukucutheka kunye ne-warpage kwipatheni ngokwayo, ukuqulunqwa kwe-slurry ephambili (ehlala ijongana ne-zircon-based), kunye nenkqubo ye-stuccoing. Kwi-Inconel, ukunyanzeleka kweqokobhe kunye namandla ashushu kufuna ibhalansi eyahlukileyo kunentsimbi. Iqokobhe elishinyene kakhulu linokuyibamba irhasi kwaye libangele uburhabaxa; buthathaka kakhulu, kwaye ubeka umngcipheko wokubaleka okanye ukugqwetheka ngexesha lokugalelwa kobushushu obuphezulu. Sifunde oku ngebhetshi ebuhlungu yemizimba yevalvu kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Ukugqitywa okuhle komphezulu, kodwa uvavanyo lwe-ultrasonic luveze ukushwabana okuthe saa kumacandelo ashinyeneyo. Umoni? Umjikelo wokubhaka weqokobhe ucimile, kwaye i-thermal gradient ngexesha lokuqina ayizange ilawulwe. Buyela kwigumbi lewax.
Ukuthetha nge-wax, inyathelo lokususa (i-dewaxing) lolunye ubugcisa obufihlakeleyo. Ngendawo yokunyibilika ephezulu ye-Inconel, usebenzisa i-autoclaving yomphunga woxinzelelo oluphezulu. Kodwa ukuba ukwakheka kwe-wax akuhambelani okanye ijika loxinzelelo lomphunga linobundlongondlongo kakhulu, ungaliqhekeza iqokobhe eliluhlaza. Ukuqhekeka kweenwele ongenakukwazi nokukubona kuya kuvuleka ngexesha le-1500 ° C + preheat kwaye ibe yi-fin okanye i-flash kwi-casting. Kukwaliwa. Olu luhlobo lolawulo lwenkqubo olwahlula ivenkile yomsebenzi kwingcali. Inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), kunye namashumi amathathu eminyaka abo utyalo mali kunye nokukhankanywa okuthe ngqo kwe-alloys esekwe kwi-nickel, bekuya kufuneka kwakhiwe eli thala leencwadi lesizathu-kunye nesiphumo ngolingo kunye nempazamo. Ikuwo umatshini Izakhono nazo-ukugqiba indawo ye-Inconel ifuna ukwazi ukuba ulusu lusabela njani kwizixhobo zokusika, ezibophelela umva kwintembeko yomphezulu wokuphosa.
Ipuzzle yePost-Cast: Unyango loBubushushu yinxalenye yeNkqubo yokuCasa
Awukwazi ukwahlula ukuphosa kunyango lwalo lobushushu. Ayingomsebenzi wesibini; sisigaba sokugqibela sokuqina. Kwi-Inconel 718, ujonge kunyango lwesisombululo kunye nomjikelo wokwaluphala. Kodwa ixesha kunye nobushushu bulawulwa yi-as-cast structure. Ukuba ubungakanani beenkozo zakho bukhulu ngenxa yokuqina okucothayo, kunokufuneka uhlengahlengise iiparamitha zonyango lwesisombululo. Yifumane ingalunganga, kwaye i-gamma-double-prime (γ) isigaba sokuqinisa asiyi kugcwala kakhulu. Inxalenye iya kuba thambileyo, ingasebenzi kakuhle.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yeendlela ezininzi ezisebenza kuxinzelelo oluphezulu, kubume begesi eshushu. Iicastings ziphume zigqibelele ngokwemilinganiselo. Senze umgangatho we-718 wokushisa ukushisa: isisombululo se-980 ° C, umoya opholileyo, emva koko u-720 ° C ubambe iiyure ze-8, isithando somlilo sipholile kwi-620 ° C, sibambe iiyure ezi-8 ngaphezulu, umoya upholile. Iipropathi ezixineneyo bezikumda osezantsi. Ingxaki? I-Homogenization. I-microsegregation ukusuka ekugalweni yayanele nje ukudala ukuhluka kwekhemistri yendawo echaphazela impendulo yokuguga. Kwafuneka songeze inyathelo le-homogenization ephezulu yobushushu phambi komjikelo oqhelekileyo, owachaphazela kancinci ukukhula okuziinkozo kodwa wasinika i-matrix efanayo. Isebenzile, kodwa yongeza iindleko kunye nexesha lokujikeleza. Isifundo: i-metallurgist ye-Foundry kunye nesicoci sobushushu kufuneka bahlale kwincoko yababini. Umboneleli wenkonzo epheleleyo ophethe zombini ukuphosa kunye CNC Machining phantsi kophahla olunye, njengoko imisebenzi ye-QSY icebisa, inenzuzo eyahlukileyo apha. Balawula ulandelelwano lonke ukusuka kwi-wax ukuya kwindawo egqityiweyo yomatshini, ngoko ke i-loop yempendulo iqinile.
Uvavanyo olungonakalisi (NDT) nalo luthatha uphawu olwahlukileyo. Ngokusasazwa kwe-Inconel kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo, uhlala ungaphaya kweX-reyi eqhelekileyo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Fluorescent penetrant (FPI) yimfuneko kwiziphene zokwaphuka umphezulu. Kodwa kwimfezeko yangaphakathi, ngakumbi kumacandelo anodonga olucekethekileyo, siye saya ngakumbi kwi-computed tomography (CT) yokuskena. Iyabiza, kodwa i-nozzle yamafutha enzima eneendawo zangaphakathi, kuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba akukho tshintsho lungundoqo okanye i-ceramic eshiyekileyo enokuthi iqhawuke enkonzweni. Eli linqanaba lokuphonononga iimfuno zezinto eziphathekayo.
UKhetho lweMathiriyeli: Ayizizo zonke ii-iconels ezilingana nokuCasa
Inconel lusapho. I-625 ihlala ikhethwa ngenxa ye-weldability yayo kunye nokumelana nomhlwa, kwaye ithathwa ngokuba inokuphosa ngakumbi kune-718 ngenxa yokuba i-slid-isisombululo esomeleziweyo, ayiqiniswanga iminyaka. Unamaxhala ambalwa onyango lobushushu, kodwa kusafuneka ujonge ukukrazuka okushushu. Emva koko kukho i-Inconel 713C, i-alloy endala kodwa esasetyenziswayo kwiiblades ze-iturbine, equlethe i-zirconium kunye nekhabhoni yokomelela komda wengqolowa. Idume kakhulu kubushushu bokugalela. Amaqondo ambalwa ashushu kakhulu, kwaye iinkozo ziba rhabaxa; ipholile kakhulu, kwaye ufumana ama-mistruns. Ifuna isiseko esigcina iinkuni ezigqibeleleyo-bonke ubushushu, lonke ubushushu lokugalela, yonke i-alloy enkulu.
Ukhetho lwe-alloy luhlala luhla kwindawo yokusebenza kunye nejometri yenxalenye. Isibiyeli sokwakheka okumileyo sinokubaleka nge-625. Icandelo elijikelezayo phantsi koxinzelelo kuma-700°C lisenokufuna i-718 ukuze libe namandla okurhubuluza. Kodwa ukuyila inxalenye ye-castability yi-50% yedabi. Iikona ezibukhali ziintshaba. Ubungqingqwa bodonga obufanayo liphupha olisukelayo. Kwake kwafuneka ukuba sihlengahlengise inguqu yeflange kwizindlu amaxesha amathandathu kunye nenjineli yoyilo, songeza iifayili ezincinci kunye neembambo, ngaphambi kokuba isoftware yokulinganisa ibonise ukuphoswa kwesandi. Loo ntsebenziswano phakathi komyili kunye nenjineli esisiseko ayinaxabiso. Yinto oyiphuhlisayo kwiminyaka edlulileyo, kwaye ichazwa kubomi obude bemisebenzi yefemu, njengembali engaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 ephawulweyo. QSY. Lo mgca wexesha ucebisa ukuba balubonile olu phindaphindo loyilo izihlandlo ezininzi.
Kwaye masingalibali ixabiso le-scrap. Imathiriyeli yokubuyisela i-Inconel ixabisekile, kodwa ikhemistri yayo kufuneka ilawulwe ngokungqongqo xa iphinda isetyenziswe kwakhona kwinyibilika. Ungcoliseko olunqamlezayo kunye nezinye i-nickel alloys okanye ukufudumeza okwahlukileyo kwe-Inconel kunokutyhala izinto ezifana ne-niobium okanye i-titanium ngaphandle kwe-spec. Isiseko esimandundu siya kuba nenkqubo yolawulo lokubuyisela ngokungqongqo, rhoqo ukunyibilika ukubuyisela phantsi kwenani lobushushu elahlukileyo ukuze lisetyenziswe kwizicelo ezingabalulekanga kangako. Ngumdlalo wexabiso lezinto ezibonakalayo njengowobugcisa.
I-Real-World Compromise: Iindleko vs. Ukusebenza
Le nkqubo iyabiza. I-alloy iyabiza. Isixhobo sokwenza iipateni zewax siyabiza. Izinto zeqokobhe zixabisa kakhulu. Amandla okunyibilika kwevacuum kunye nokunyanga ubushushu ayabiza. Ngoko ukhetha nini Utyalo-mali olungenamali? Xa umsebenzi welungu uthethelela ngokupheleleyo. Xa licandelo lexabiso eliphezulu apho ukusilela kuyintlekele, okanye apho ukuntsonkotha kuphelisa machining ukusuka billet njengokhetho. Sithetha ngendawo apho umlinganiselo wokuthenga-ukubhabha (ubunzima bezinto ezikrwada ngokuchasene nenxalenye egqityiweyo) bubunzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi ukuba wenziwe ngoomatshini. Ukusasa kukusondeza kakhulu kubume bomnatha.
Kodwa kukho indawo yokulungelelanisa. Ngamanye amaxesha, kwizinto ezingabalulekanga kangako, ungakhetha indlela yomxube. Yenza imilo ngokubanzi, kodwa ushiye isitokhwe esongezelelweyo kwindawo yokutywina ebalulekileyo okanye imingxunya yebholithi CNC Machining ukubetha ukunyamezela okugqibeleleyo. Kulapho amaziko adibeneyo akhanya khona. Ukuthumela i-ethe-ethe, njengoko-cast Inconel inxalenye kwivenkile yomatshini eyahlukileyo imingcipheko umonakalo kwaye yongeza Logistics. Ukwenza konke endaweni enye, njengoko kutshiwo ngu Iinkonzo ezidityanisiweyo ze-QSY zokuphosa kunye nomatshini, iyanciphisa umngcipheko kwaye inokuphucula ulawulo lomgangatho jikelele. Awuthengi nje i-casting; uthenga ikhonkco lokukwazi.
Igama lokugqibela likwinkcubeko esemgangathweni. Ngezi zixhobo kunye neenkqubo, amaphepha kunye nokulandeleka kuyingxenye yemveliso. Ukuphosa kufuneka kufike nengxelo yezinto eziqinisekisiweyo, iitshathi zokuphatha ukushisa, kunye neengxelo ze-NDT. Yidosi. Ukuba umthengisi uyathandabuza ukunika elo nqanaba lamaxwebhu, hamba. Inxalenye ayikho nje into ebonakalayo; sisiqinisekiso senkqubo eyenzileyo. Emva kwamashumi amathathu eminyaka, inkampani iyaqonda ukuba isidima sayo sakhelwe kule dossier njengakumalungu aphuma ngomnyango.
Sijonge Phambili: I-Craft Eguqukayo
Iyaphi yonke lento? Imveliso eyongeziweyo (ushicilelo lwe-3D) kwi-Inconel ifumana ushicilelo oluninzi, kwaye ngesizathu esihle. Inika inkululeko yejiyometri ephambeneyo. Kodwa kwimveliso yomthamo ophakathi ukuya phezulu wamacandelo amancinci, antsokothileyo kakhulu, utyalo-mali lusenamandla oqoqosho. Ikamva, ndiyakrokra, likumxube. Ukusebenzisa ushicilelo lwe-3D ukwenza iipateni zewax okanye nkqu iicores zeceramic ngokuthe ngqo, ukuvumela iijometri ngaphambili bekungenakwenzeka ukubumba, emva koko kuxhamle inkqubo yotyalo-mali yemveli yokugqitywa komphezulu kunye nomgangatho wesinyithi. Kukudibana okuchulumancisayo.
Isoftware yokulinganisa iya ibangcono. Uhlalutyo lwento egqityiweyo yokuqinisa kunye noxinzelelo luhamba ukusuka kwinto entle ukuya kwisixhobo esiqhelekileyo. Kodwa isoftware ilungile kuphela njengesiseko sedatha yepropathi kunye neemeko zomda uyazondla. Loo datha yakhiwe kwizilingo zehlabathi zangempela kunye neenyembezi-uhlobo lolwazi lweziko oluqokelela ekusebenzeni kwexesha elide. Awukwazi ukulinganisa yonke into; usadinga ithuku lengcibi ukuze wazi xa ukulinganisa kuxoka.
Ngoko, buyela ekuqaleni. Utyalo-mali olungenamali incinci malunga ne-brute force kwaye ngaphezulu malunga ne-finesse. Litsheyini lezinyuko ezilawulwayo ezilikhulu, ngalinye liyakwazi ukwaphula imveliso yokugqibela. Impumelelo ivela ekuhlonipheni isimo sengqondo sezinto eziphathekayo, ukuqonda ama-nuances enkqubo, kunye nokuba nomonde-kunye nedatha yembali-ukusombulula ingxaki xa izinto zingahambi kakuhle. Ayingomlingo; isiphithiphithi esilawulwayo, sijike saba luqeqesho lobunjineli oluphindiweyo. Kwaye yinto oyifundayo kuphela ngokuba sebunzimeni bayo, unyaka nonyaka.
