Xa usiva 'utyalo-mali oluchanekileyo', umfanekiso ongoko nangoko uhlala ungenaziphene, izakhi ze-aerospace ezinokwakheka komnatha. Yeyona nto ifanelekileyo yokuthengisa. Inyani emhlabeni, emva kwamashumi amathathu eminyaka kulo mdlalo, luthethathethwano olungagungqiyo phakathi kwaloo nto ilungileyo kunye nenkani yefiziksi yentsimbi etyhidiweyo kunye namaqokobhe eceramic. Abathengi abaninzi, ngakumbi abo batsha kwinkqubo, beza neemodeli ze-CAD ezilindele imimangaliso-ukunyamezelana okulinganayo kuneshiya leembuzane, umphezulu we-cast-cast ugqiba ukugudisa, kwaye zonke ngexabiso leyunithi elifanele isitampu esiveliswe ngobuninzi. Leyo yincoko yokuqala esinayo kwi-QSY: ukusetha kwakhona okulindelweyo kwindawo yokufezekiswa ngokwasemzimbeni. Ubugcisa bokwenyani abukho nje ekwenzeni isakhelo; kubunjineli iyonke ikhonkco lenkqubo-ukusuka kwipateni yewax ukuya kwindawo egqityiweyo yomatshini-ukubetha indawo emnandi phakathi kokusebenza, ixabiso, kunye nokuthembeka. Luqeqesho olusisiseko, hayi umlingo.
Umbono ongeyiyo ongundoqo: Ukuchaneka kuthetha ukuba akukho msebenzi emva kokuphosa
Masibe buthuntu. Ukuba inxalenye inzima ngokwenene, kunye namajelo angaphakathi, i-undercuts, okanye iindonga ezincinci, ukuphoswa kotyalo-mali oluchanekileyo ayinakoyiswa ukuyila. Kodwa i-'as-cast' phantse ayisoze 'ilungele ukuyifaka'. Ukuchaneka kubhekiselele kukuphindwaphindwa kunye neenkcukacha zokubanjwa, hayi isiqinisekiso somgangatho wokugqibela. Ndikhe ndakubona ukuphoswa okuhle kweblade ye-injini yomoya engaphumeleliyo ekuhlolweni ngenxa yokuba iqhosha elixhomileyo elixhomileyo liye lacinywa ngesithathu seshumi se-millimeter. Isitofu sewax sinxitywe, kancinci kancinci. Kungenxa yoko le nto siye sadibanisa oomatshini be-CNC endlwini kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo. Ukuphosa kukufumana i-95% apho, kwijometri echanekileyo, kunye nokuthembeka kwezinto eziphathekayo. I-CNC igqibezela umatshini, rhoqo koomatshini be-5-axis, ikufumana imilinganiselo yokugqibela, eqinisekisiweyo. Ukucinga ngokuphosa kunye nomatshini njengamanyathelo ahlukeneyo omthengisi kulapho iiprojekthi zilahlekelwa lixesha, imali, kwaye zingenise iimpazamo zokupakisha ukunyamezelana.
Ukhetho lwezinto eziphathekayo sesinye isiqingatha sale nto. Sisebenza kakhulu kunye intsimbi engenasici kunye ne-nickel-based alloys. I-pitfall eqhelekileyo ichaza i-alloy ephezulu yokusebenza njenge-Inconel 718 kwiipropathi zayo zobushushu obuphezulu, kodwa ingaphenduli ngokushwabana kwayo okukhulu kunye nokuthambekela kokukrazula okushushu ngexesha lokuqina. Ipateni kunye noyilo lweqokobhe lwe-718 lwahluke kakhulu kune-316 engenasici. Awunakuvele utshintshe imathiriyeli kwiphepha elithile kwaye ulindele ukuba inkqubo efanayo isebenze. Oku sikufunde kabuhlungu kwangethuba ngebhetshi yezitshixo zempompo ezaqhekeka phantse ngokungabonakali kwiqokobhe. Isisombululo ibiyindibaniselwano yesango elikhethekileyo lokulawula isikhokelo sokuqina kunye ne-tweak kumjikelo wokubhaka weqokobhe. Zezi ndlela zokupheka zenkqubo ethile, ezakhiwe kwiminyaka engama-30, ezahlula ivenkile yemisebenzi kwiingcali.
Okundizisa kwindawo ebonakalayo malunga namaqokobhe. Inkqubo 'yokwenziwa kweqokobhe lokungunda' esiyisebenzisayo-ukwakha ezo maleko eseramic-kulapho uninzi lwemisebenzi yezandla ihlala khona. Iqokobhe kakhulu, kwaye ufumana ikhefu, ukusilela okumdaka kunye nobungozi. Ingqindilili kakhulu, kwaye uphulukana nokuchaneka komgangatho njengoko iqokobhe lingawi lisuka kwintsimbi eshwabeneyo ngokufanelekileyo. I-slurry viscosity, ubungakanani beenkozo zesanti yestucco, ixesha lokumisa phakathi kweedyasi… bubuchule boluvo olufana nolwenzululwazi. Igcisa elinamava linokubona ngesandi sokucofa iqokobhe elomileyo ukuba kulungile ukuhamba. Le ayisiyiyo into oyenzayo ngokuzenzekelayo kude.
Apho Inkqubo Ikhanya (Kwaye Apho Ingaphumeleliyo)
Uloyiso lwakudala lokuphoswa kotyalo-mali luntsokothile ngobunzima. Izibiyeli ze-aerospace, amacandelo esixhobo sonyango, iindawo zokuphatha ulwelo ezinobuninzi obudityanisiweyo. Kutshanje siqhube iprojekthi yendlu yesivamvo ekufuneka ibeyi-hermetic, kwi-17-4PH engenasici, kunye ne-baffles yangaphakathi kunye nemicu yokunyuka yangaphandle. Ukuyiphosa kwavumela iimpawu zangaphakathi ukuba zenziwe, ukugcina inani elikhulu le-EDM okanye umsebenzi we-welding. Siye ke CNC-oomatshini zokutywina ubuso kunye nemisonto ukuba spec. Inkqubo enye yokuhamba, inkqubo enye yomgangatho. Ukuzama ukwenza loo nto kwi-billet bekuya kuba kubiza kakhulu.
Kodwa akusiyo yonke into. Ndihlala ndilumkisa ngokuchasene nokuyisebenzisa kwizinto ezilula, iijiyometri ezinqabileyo. Ibhloko eqinileyo okanye i-flange esisiseko? Ungcono ngokugalelwa isanti okanye uqale kwisitokhwe sebha kunye nomatshini. Iindleko zepateni ye-wax kunye negobolondo i-amortized phezu kokubaleka, ngoko kwiiprototypes okanye umthamo ophantsi kakhulu, ixabiso leyunithi liphezulu. Inqaku le-breakeven lixhomekeke kakhulu kuyilo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ixabiso alikho kwiindleko ezicocekileyo kodwa kukunciphisa ixesha lokukhokela ngokususa amanyathelo okuhlanganisa.
Umda wokudityaniswa: Ukusuka kwiCAD ukuya kwiCrate
Yile nto ukuseta kwethu eQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) yakhiwe ngeenxa zonke. Umdibaniso othe nkqo awulogama; yimfuneko yolawulo. Xa umxhasi esithumelela imodeli yomzimba wevalvu, iqela lethu lobunjineli alijongi nje inxalenye. Siyila indibano yewax (indlela amalungu amaninzi adityaniswe ngayo kunye 'emthini'), linganisa ukuzaliswa komngundo kunye nokuqina ukuqikelela ukushwabana kwe-porosity, kwaye emva koko sicwangcise ukubamba komatshini we-CNC kwimodeli efanayo yedijithali. Ubunjineli obuthwele ngaphambili bubalulekile. Inkqubo yokuphosa eyilwe kakuhle icutha ubungakanani bentsimbi eza kwenziwa ngoomatshini kamva, konga zombini ukunxitywa kwesixhobo kunye neendleko zemathiriyeli, ngakumbi kwixabiso eliphezulu. ialloys esekwe cobalt.
Ndikhumbula ukusilela okwasifundisa esi sifundo ngokusisigxina. Umxhasi unyanzelise ukuba asebenzise esakhe isixhobo sokutofa ngewax kuthotho lwezifakelo zaselwandle. Isixhobo sasidala, iipatheni ze-wax zineenguqu ezincinci. Sazijula, sazenza ngoomatshini, emva koko safumana ibhetshi-to-batch umahluko kubungakanani bodonga obubangele ukuba abanye basilele kuvavanyo loxinzelelo. Ingxaki yavela kwi-wax, yandiswa kwiqokobhe, kwaye kwakungenakwenzeka ukulungisa kumatshini. Ukusukela ngoko, sikhetha ukulawula, okanye ubuncinci uphicotho olungqongqo, lonke ikhonkco. Iwebhusayithi yethu, i-tsingtaocnc.com, ichaza obu buchule, kodwa ubungqina bokwenyani bukwiingxelo zokuhlolwa kwenqaku lokuqala esizenzayo.
Icala lomatshini alisongezo nje. Ukucupha umphezulu owenziweyo wahlukile kunokwenza i-billet eyenziweyo. Ulusu lunokuba nokwahluka kokuqina okuncinci, kwaye ukulungiswa kufuneka kuphendule ngamanye amaxesha-ukuphosa umphezulu wedatum. Oomatshini bethu bayiqhelile le nto. Bayayazi indlela yokuthatha isisikelo sokuqala ukuseka idatha yokwenyani ukusuka kwindawo 'yokuphoswa', esisakhono ngokwaso.
IiNuances zeMathiriyeli: Ayililo nje inani leBanga
Ukusebenza ngama-alloys akhethekileyo kuthetha ukuqonda ukuziphatha kwabo ngaphaya kwedatha yedatha. Thatha i-nickel-based alloy yenkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu. Iiparamitha zayo zokuphosa ngumdaniso oqinileyo. Galela kushushu kakhulu, ufumana ukukhula okuziinkozo okugqithisileyo kunye nokusabela kwe-slag. Thela ipholile kakhulu, ufumana mistruns. Unyango lokufudumala emva kokuphoswa kwakhona yinxalenye yenkqubo yokuphosa, kungekhona inyathelo elahlukileyo. Kumabanga okuqina kwemvula, unyango lwesisombululo kunye nomjikelo wokwaluphala kufuneka uphuhliswe ngokuhambelana noyilo lokusa ukuphumeza iipropathi ezikhankanyiweyo zoomatshini kuyo yonke indawo, hayi nje kwikhuphoni yovavanyo.
Sigcina iinkuni ezineenkcukacha zosapho ngalunye lwealloyi. Ilog yokugalela ibhetshi yentsimbi ephindwe kabini iya kuphawula umoya we-oven, ubushushu bempompo, kunye nemozulu (ukufuma kuchaphazela inkqubo yokukhupha iqokobhe). Oku kulandeleka akunakuxoxiswana kubathengi bezokhuselo kunye ne-aerospace, kodwa luqheliselo oluhle kuyo yonke into. Iguqula ubugcisa bube luqeqesho lobunjineli oluphinda-phindayo.
I-Real-World Compromise kunye ne-Takeaway
Ke, sithini isigwebo sobuchule apha? Ukwenziwa kotyalo-mali oluchanekileyo sisixhobo esinamandla, kodwa ayisosisombululo esizimeleyo. Amandla ayo avulwe ngokupheleleyo xa ekhawulwe njengenyathelo lokuqala kulandelelwano lokwenziwa kwemveliso. Injongo ayikokufezekisa inxalenye egqibeleleyo njenge-cast-cast (nangona sizama ngayo), kodwa ukufezekisa eyona ndlela ibiza kakhulu kwaye inokwethenjelwa ukuya kwinqanaba eligqityiweyo, eliphakamileyo. Ifuna intsebenziswano enzulu phakathi komyili womxhasi kunye nenjineli yenkqubo yeFoundry ukusukela kusuku lokuqala.
Eyona mpumelelo inkulu ebesinayo kuxa abathengi beza kuthi kwinqanaba lengcinga. Singacebisa ngee-engile zokuyila, ukufana kodonga, kunye nokudityaniswa kweempawu ukwenza indawo ingaphoswa nje, kodwa yenziwe ngokugqibeleleyo. Ngamanye amaxesha oko kuthetha ukucebisa utshintsho oluncinci loyilo olugcina i-20% kwiindleko zeyunithi ngaphandle kwelahleko yokusebenza.
Emva kweminyaka engama-30, umkhwa endiwubonayo ubhekiselele kokungakumbi kolu manyano, hayi ngaphantsi. Njengoko imathiriyeli ihambela phambili ngakumbi kwaye uyilo ludityaniswe ngakumbi, umgca phakathi kokusalwa kunye nokwenza bube bubumnyama. Umgangatho wevenkile wenkampani efana ne-QSY ngulo mgca, ufiphale ube yinto enye, elawulwayo. Kulapho kuzalwa khona ukuchaneka kwangempela-kungekhona nje kwi-mold, kodwa kulawulo lohambo lonke ukusuka kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo ukuya kwinxalenye yebhokisi, ilungele isicelo esifunayo. Incinci malunga namanyathelo omntu ngamnye kwaye ngakumbi malunga nokungayekeleli, ukuhambelana okubhaliweyo kumakhulu wamanyathelo. Nantso inyaniso engathandekiyo.
