Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'inkqubo yokuphosa iwax elahlekileyo', bafanekisela inkqubo ethe ngqo, ephantse yathandana: yenza imodeli yewax, yakha iqokobhe leceramic, inyibilikisa iwax, galela isinyithi. Inyani kwimeko yemveliso, ngakumbi ialloys enye yokuphatha entsonkothileyo, luthethathethwano olungagungqiyo phakathi kwenzululwazi yezinto eziphathekayo, i-thermal dynamics, kunye nokusebenza ngokupheleleyo. Yinkqubo, hayi inyathelo elinye, kwaye kulapho abachazi abaninzi kunye neenjineli ezintsha zikhwela khona. Bajolisa ekuzijuleni ngokwako kodwa bayijongela phantsi inkqubo yendalo—ukwakheka kwewax, inkqubo yokulawula imozulu yegumbi elinodaka, indlela yokukhupha iwaxing, igophe lokudubula—nto leyo egqiba ngokwenene enoba ufumana umsebenzi wobugcisa okanye inkunkuma. Ukutyhubela oku amashumi eminyaka, iglosi iyaphela ngokukhawuleza; into eseleyo kugxininiso kwikhonkco lokuxhomekeka.
Undoqo weNkqubo: Konke malunga noLawulo kunye nokuPhinda
Ingcamango yokuqala ephosakeleyo yokulahla kukuba ukuchithwa kotyalo-mali bubugcisa. Kwimixube ephezulu, iivenkile zemisebenzi ezinomthamo ophantsi, mhlawumbi. Kodwa kwinkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), esebenze ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30, yinkqubo yoshishino elawulwayo. 'Inkqubo' iqala ixesha elide phambi kokuba isinyithi sigalelwe. Sithetha ngeeparamitha zokutofa kwe-wax. Iqondo lobushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye nokubamba ixesha lokutofa i-wax yepateni ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo uzinzo lwe-dimensional kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu. Umahluko wedigri ezimbalwa unokwazisa ukugqwetheka okufihlakeleyo okuhlanganisa kamva. Ndibone iiprojekthi zisilela ngenxa yokuba ubushushu begumbi le-wax khange uzinziswe, nto leyo ekhokelela kubungakanani obungahambelaniyo bepatheni eyenze ukuba isigaba sokwakha iqokobhe sibe sibi.
Emva koko kuza isicelo se-slurry kunye ne-stucco. Oku asikokuntywila kunye nokuntywila nje. I-viscosity ye-slurry ephambili, i-zircon powder / silica binder ratio, umswakama kwigumbi lokuntywila-inguqu nganye yiqhina omele ulicule. Kwi-nickel-based okanye i-cobalt-based superalloys, apho i-QSY iqhuba rhoqo, igobolondo kufuneka imelane namaqondo okushisa okuthulula ngokugqithisileyo ngaphandle kokudibanisa okanye ukusabela ngesinyithi. Sihlala sisebenzisa i-silica-based slurry edibeneyo kwezi, kodwa ixesha lokumisa phakathi kweedyasi libalulekile. Yingxame, ubambe ukufuma; linda ixesha elide, kwaye iileya azidibanisi ngokufanelekileyo. Sisingqisho osifunda ngokujonga amaqokobhe, hayi iwotshi kuphela.
Inyathelo lokuthotywa kwewax kulapho indawo 'elahlekileyo' yenzeke khona, kwaye lixesha lobundlobongela kwiqokobhe. Iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zi-autoclave (umphunga) kunye nomlilo we-flash. Nganye inendawo yayo. Kwiindibano ezishinyeneyo zewax, ukudubula kweflash kunokubangela iintanda ngenxa yokothuka kwe-thermal. Ngokuqhelekileyo sikhetha i-autoclave yeejiyometri ezinzima eziqhelekileyo zethu iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa kwaye utyalo mali ukusebenza, njengoko kulula. Kodwa nangona kunjalo, izinga lerempu kunye noxinzelelo kufuneka luhambelane nohlobo lwe-wax. Ukusebenzisa i-wax ye-low-melt-point? Uxinzelelo olukhulu lomphunga ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye ukwandiswa kusenokwaphula iqokobhe eliluhlaza. Sisenzo sokulungelelanisa esivakala ngakumbi kunefomula ngamanye amaxesha.
IMiba yeMathiriyeli: Kutheni uKhetho lwe-alloy luyalela inkqubo
Awukwazi ukwahlula i inkqubo yokulahla i-wax elahlekileyo ukusuka kwizinto eziphoswayo. Inkqubo ye-iron ductile ihluke kakhulu kwi-alloy-based alloy efana ne-Inconel 718. Oku kumandla abalulekileyo kwiziko elifana ne-QSY. Ngeentsimbi ezingenastainless, kugxilwe ekuthinteleni i-carburization yomhlaba kwiqokobhe, ngoko ke sinokusebenzisa umoya ongathathi hlangothi okanye one-oxidizing yokudubula. Kodwa nge-alloys ezisebenzayo njenge-titanium (nangona singayiphosi, umgaqo uyasebenza kwi-alloys yethu ephezulu ye-nickel), ulwa nokwenziwa kwe-alpha-case. Ukwakheka kweqokobhe kuba yeyona nto iphambili- ihlala ifudukela kwiyttria okanye ezinye iidyasi zobuso obungaqhelekanga.
Kwiintsimbi eziqhelekileyo kunye neentsimbi ezingenasici, umngeni udla ngokutya kunye nokunciphisa. Uyilo lwesixokelelwano sokungena, oluyinxalenye yendibano yepateni yewax, kulapho ulwazi lokwenyani lwentsimbi lungena khona. Ayikokungena nje kwesinyithi kumngxuma; imalunga nokudala ukuqiniswa kolwalathiso. Ndikhumbula indlu yempompo kwi-17-4PH engenasici ehlala ibonisa i-porosity kwi-flange enzima. Sayila ngokutsha umthi we-wax, songeza i-chiller kwiqokobhe lotyalo-mali kufutshane nendawo yengxaki ukukhuthaza ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza. Yasebenza, kodwa yongeza iindleko kunye nobunzima bokwakha iqokobhe. Inkqubo kwafuneka iziqhelanise.
Ukusebenza nge-alloys ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-Stellite (i-cobalt-based) yazisa enye ingqimba: ukugalela ulawulo lobushushu. Ezi ngxubevange zinoluhlu olumxinwa 'oluphezulu'—lupholile kakhulu, kwaye aluyi kuzalisa amacandelo amancinci; kushushu kakhulu, kwaye bayakwazi ukonakalisa igobolondo elingaphakathi, benze iziphene zokuqukwa. Ukunyibilika kwethu, nokuba kusetyenziswa iziko lokungeniswa, kulinganiswe kwiqela ngalinye lealloy. Iilogbooks zamashumi eminyaka ziqhuba kwi tsngtaocnc.com zixabiseke njengesixhobo, zibonelela ngereferensi yembali yoko kusebenzayo noko kungasebenziyo ngamabakala athile ezinto eziphathekayo.
Ikhonkco elibalulekileyo: Ukudibanisa i-CNC Machining kwi-Casting Workflow
Apha kulapho iziseko zomdlalo osulungekileyo zisilela khona, nalapho umsebenzi odibeneyo ubonisa ixabiso lawo. A ukulahlwa kwewax elahlekileyo phantse ayisiyonxalenye egqityiweyo. Ineentsalela zesango, amaphiko amancinane anokubakho, kwaye ifuna iindawo ezibalulekileyo ezenziwe ngoomatshini ukuze zikwazi ukunyamezelana. Kwi-QSY, ukuba CNC Machining endlwini akukho lula; yimfuneko yolawulo lomgangatho. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba i-machinist ibonelela ngengxelo yokuqala yokwenyani kwisandi sangaphakathi sokuphosa.
Ukuba isuntswana lesixhobo siguga ngokukhawuleza kwindawo ethile yokusahlela izihlandlo ezininzi, sibonisa indawo enokubakho enzima okanye iqela elibandakanyayo elisuka kwinkqubo yokuphosa. Le ngxelo ivaliweyo ayinakubuyiselwa. Singawulanda umba womatshini ubuyela kwibhetshi yeqokobhe elithile, inani lobushushu elinyibilikayo, iqondo lobushushu elithululwayo langena ngaloo mini. Ngaphandle kolu hlanganiso oluthe nkqo, loo loop yempendulo yophukile, kwaye iingxaki ziba nzima ukuzixilonga kunye nokusombulula ngokusisigxina.
Ngaphezu koko, uyilo lwepateni ye-wax ngokwayo idla ngokuphenjelelwa ziimfuno zomatshini. Sisenokongeza isitokhwe esongezelelweyo ('isibonelelo sikamatshini') kwiindawo ezithile sisazi ukuba isebe lethu le-CNC liza kusigqiba. Okanye, sinokubeka indawo kumthi we-wax ukunciphisa ixesha lokuseta oomatshini kamva. Le synergy phakathi komgangatho wokuphosa kunye nevenkile yomatshini yinto ejika ukuphosa okulungileyo ibe yinto ethembekileyo, ephezulu yokusebenza. Ngumahluko phakathi kokwenza imilo kunye nokwenza indawo esebenzayo.
Iintsilelo eziqhelekileyo kunye neZifundo abazifumanayo
Nabani na ongenzanga imvuthuluka akenzanga nto. Kwi utyalo mali Inkqubo, ukusilela ngootitshala ababiza imali eninzi. Ukuqhekeka kweqokobhe ngexesha lokukhutshwa kwewaxing okanye ukudubula yinto eqhelekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ilandelelwa emva kokoma okunganelanga phakathi kweedyasi ezinodaka, ngakumbi kwiimeko zokufuma. Silwa oku kunye ne-dehumidification elawulwayo kwindawo yokuntywila-isisombululo esilula, kodwa enye uphumeza kuphela emva kokulahlekelwa iigobolondo ezimbalwa.
Iziphene zesinyithi njenge-shrinkage porosity okanye iinyembezi ezishushu zolunye udidi. Ezi zikholisa ukukhomba emva kwisango lokungena kunye noyilo lokunyuka, okanye ubushushu obuthululwayo. Ityala elikhumbulekayo yayingumzimba wevalvu kwi-duplex steel stainless steel. Sahlala sifumana i-micro-porosity kwiziko le-thermal. Ipateni ye-wax kunye ne-gating ibonakala isandi. Impumelelo yeza xa sijonga umjikelo wokudubula kweqokobhe. Kuye kwafumaniseka ukuba ubushushu obuphezulu babungekho mde ngokwaneleyo ukutshisa ngokupheleleyo imathiriyeli yepateni eshiyekileyo ukusuka kumbindi wangaphakathi ontsonkothileyo, udala umqobo omncinci werhasi othintela ukondla. Ukwandisa ixesha lokufunxa ukudubula kwasombulula. Sifunda ntoni? Ingxaki ayisoloko iqala ukukhangela-inokuthi inyukele phezulu ekulungiseleleni iqokobhe.
Ukungachaneki kweDimensional ngumbulali ocothayo. Isenokungabangeli ukwaliwa ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa ibulala inzuzo ngomatshini ogqithisileyo. Oku kudla ngokujikela emva kozinzo lwepateni yewax. Ukusebenzisa umxube obuyiselweyo wewax ngaphandle kokuvavanya ireyithi yokucutha kwayo kwijiyometri entsha ngumgibe oqhelekileyo. Ngoku sivavanya ngokungqongqo imidibaniso emitsha ye-wax okanye ukubeka iliso ukuguga komxube wethu wangoku, senze uhlengahlengiso oluncinci kwizixhobo zokutofa ukubuyisela. Luhlengahlengiso oluqhubekayo lwenyathelo lokuqala kakhulu kwinkqubo.
I-Ecosystem yeHlabathi yokwenyani: Ukusuka kuPhando ukuya kwiNdawo eGqibelelweyo
Ke, le nkqubo ijongeka njani ekusebenzeni kwintsebenzo yexesha elide? Iqala ngokuphononongwa komzobo kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo. Iinjineli kwi-QSY aziboni nje imilo; babona ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal mass, iindawo zoxinzelelo ezinokubakho, kunye ne-machining datums. Uyilo lwesixhobo se-wax luyacetywa, rhoqo ngegalelo elivela kwiqela le-CNC ekulungiseni. Iwax iyatofwa ize idityaniswe emithini.
Ukwakhiwa koonokrwece kuyaqala—inkqubo ecothayo necothayo yokudipha, ukugalela, nokomisa okunokuthabatha iveki ukuze iqokobhe elomeleleyo lengxubevange yentsimbi. Ibhetshi nganye ifakiwe. Ukuthotywa kwewaxini kunye nokudubula kuguqula iqokobhe eliethe-ethe eliluhlaza libe ngumngundo oqinileyo weceramic. Okwangoku, i-alloy ethile-ingaba yi-carbon steel, i-316 i-stainless, okanye i-alloy-based alloy-ilungiswa kwaye inyibilika phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwayo. Ukugalela kuyakhawuleza, kodwa ukuseta kunye nokuqinisekisa ubushushu abukho.
Emva kokupholisa, igobolondo iyatshitshiswa, iinxalenye zinqunywe emthini, kwaye zihambela ekugqityweni kokuqala (ukudubula ukudubula, ukunqunyulwa). Emva koko kuza isandla esibalulekileyo kumatshini weCNC. Apha, inxalenye iqinisekisiwe ngokuchasene noshicilelo. Ukuhlolwa kokugqibela, okunokwenzeka kubandakanya i-NDT njengedayi yokungena, ivala iluphu. Yonke inkqubo yokulahla i-wax elahlekileyo, ngoko ke, le khonkco edibeneyo: ukwenza ipateni, ukwakhiwa kwegobolondo, ukunyibilika / ukuthululwa, kunye nokulungiswa kwe-post-cast. Ikhonkco elibuthathaka kulo naliphi na icandelo liphazamisa icandelo lokugqibela. Ngulo mbono uwonke, owakhelwe kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu yokujongana neengxaki kuzo zonke ezi zigaba, ochaza umboneleli okwaziyo, hayi nje ukukwazi ukugalela isinyithi kumngundo.
