Jonga, xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'iigiya zesinyithi somgubo,' bacinga ukuba yimbumbulu yomlingo kwisicelo ngasinye okanye ngexabiso eliphantsi, iindawo ezinqabileyo ezimiselwe ukusilela. Inyaniso, njengesiqhelo, ingcolile kwaye inomdla ngakumbi. Ayisosisombululo sobukhulu obunye, kodwa xa iinkwenkwezi zilungelelaniswa-izinto eziphathekayo, uyilo, ulawulo lwenkqubo-sisixhobo esinamandla ngendlela emangalisayo. Ndibone iinjineli ezininzi kakhulu zijonga iigiya ze-PM nje ukongiwa kweendleko kwisicelo esinomthwalo ophezulu, kuphela ukubuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu kunye nebhokisi yegiya ezele luthuli. Obona buchule abukho ekuziodoleni; kusekwazini kanye ukuba zisetyenziswe nini kwaye njani.
Isibheno esinguNdoqo kunye neCaveats ekhawulezileyo
Umzobo ocacileyo wenziwa kufutshane ne-net-shape. Udibanisa umgubo wesinyithi kwaye uyawufaka, ngoko ke inkunkuma yempahla incinci xa ithelekiswa nokubhobhoza igiya kwintsimbi eqinileyo engenanto. Ukuqhuba umthamo ophezulu wezinto ezifana namacandelo othumelo lweemoto okanye izixhobo zokuqhuba izixhobo zamandla, uqoqosho alunakoyiswa. Ufumana ukuntsonkotha okuhle-loo mazinyo e-helical okanye imilo yehabhu engaqhelekanga-ngaphandle komatshini wesibini kulo lonke uphawu.
Kodwa nantsi i-hiccup yokuqala ebonakalayo: ubuninzi. Indawo ene-sintered inamabhodlo ngokwendalo. Ungafikelela kwi-7.0 g/cm3 okanye nangaphezulu ngokucinezela kabini kunye ne-sintering okanye ukufoja, kodwa ayikhe ixinene ngokupheleleyo njengentsimbi ekhandiweyo. Le porosity ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umthamo womthwalo oguqukayo kunye nobomi bokudinwa. Ke, kwitorque ephezulu, eqhubekayo-umsebenzi wempompo yegiya yeshishini? Ndingalumka kakhulu. Kwidekhi yomqhubi wengca ebona imithwalo ephakathi? Isebenza ngakumbi.
Apha kulapho ukhetho lwemathiriyeli lubaluleke kakhulu. Ayingomgubo wentsimbi kuphela. Usebenza ngomgubo osele udityanisiwe-njengeDistaloy ixuba nenickel kunye nobhedu ukwenzela ukuba lukhuni. Umoya we-sintering lelinye iqhosha lokujika. I-misstep apho, kwaye ufumana ukulawulwa kwekhabhoni engalunganga okanye i-sooting, ekhokelela kwiindawo ezithambileyo okanye ezidityanisiweyo eziye zibe yindawo ye-nucleation yokuqhekeka. Ndikhumbula ibhetshi yemoto encinci ye-hydraulic apho i-sintering temps engahambelani ikhokelele kwi-20% yokusabalalisa kubulukhuni obungundoqo. Bayipasile i-QA yokuqala kodwa baqala ukusasaza ebaleni phakathi kwamakhulu ambalwa eeyure.
Apho baKhanya khona ngenene (kwaye apho bangakhanyisi khona)
Indawo emnandi, kumava am, ikwizicelo apho ufuna iipropathi ezithile zemathiriyeli zidityaniswe nelo milo enzima. Cinga ngezixhobo zokuzithambisa. Unokuxuba kwiimali ezilawulwayo zobhedu okanye umgubo wesinyithi izithambiso ezithile ezifana ne-MnS kumxube womgubo. Emva kokuntywila, ezi zinto zenza inethiwekhi ye-tribological ngqo kwizinyo legiya. Awunako ukufezekisa oko ngegiya eyenziwe ngoomatshini kunye nokwaleka komphezulu ngendlela efanayo. Sibonelele ngothotho lwezixhobo ezinje ngesixhobo sokusebenza esitywiniweyo esingakhathalelwayo, kwaye ziqhube kakuhle.
Ngokuchaseneyo, unganyanzeli i-PM kwiinkqubo zokubeka ezichanekileyo kakhulu. Ngelixa unokufikelela kwiKlasi yesi-7 ye-AGMA okanye nesi-8 ngokulinganisa okanye ukucola, ukuguquguquka kwenkqubo ekhoyo kuphezulu kunokuchaneka kokugaya into engenanto. I-elastic modulus nayo iphantsi kancinci ngenxa ye-porosity, enokuthi ichaphazele ukuqina kwi-servo loop ebuthathaka. Linqaku elifihlakeleyo, kodwa lineeprojekthi ezilumayo ezijonge ukuchaneka kwe-arc-minute.
Olunye uncedo olusoloko lungahoywa yinxalenye yokumanyanisa. Ndasebenza kwisiphathi segiya yeplanethi apho izixhobo zelanga, iigiya zeplanethi, kunye nepleyiti yokuthwala yayiziinxalenye zoomatshini ezahlukeneyo. Ngokutshintshela ku izixhobo zesinyithi somgubo, siyilwe njengenxalenye enye, i-monolithic sintered kunye neeplanethi kunye nezixhobo zelanga ezidityanisiweyo kumphathi. Yaphelisa ukudibanisa, ukulungelelaniswa okuphuculweyo, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko malunga ne-30% kwivolumu. Ukurhweba yayiluyilo lwezixhobo oluntsonkothileyo kunye nesixhobo esingenamgangatho we-sintering ukuthintela ukugqwetheka.
Ukuxhawulana ngokuMachining: Intsebenziswano ebalulekileyo
Le yingongoma ephambili abaninzi abayiphoswayo: I-PM ayifane ibe sisiphelo esipheleleyo. Uhlala ufuna imisebenzi yesibini. Kulapho iqabane elinee-chops ezinzulu ze-machining liba luncedo kakhulu. Igiya inokuphuma eziko ifuna ibhore ukuze ikwazi ukunyamezela, okanye isitshixo sivulwe, okanye amazinyo ngokwawo aphantsi kokunciphisa ingxolo.
Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba nenkonzo epheleleyo yenkampani. Thatha i-firm like Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 yokuphosa kunye nomatshini, bayayiqonda i-mettle yesinyithi, ngokoqobo. Ngelixa isiseko sabo sikwiinkqubo ezifana ne-shell mold kunye ne-investment casting, ukuba ulwazi lwezinto ezinzulu-ukusebenza nayo yonke into esuka kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo ukuya kwii-alloys ezisekelwe kwi-nickel-iguqulela ngokuthe ngqo. Bafumana indlela yokuphatha i-sintered 4600 ye-alloy gear engenanto kumatshini we-CNC ngaphandle kokukrazula amasuntswana kwi-porosity yomhlaba. Yimvakalelo eyahlukileyo kunokwenza intsimbi eyomeleleyo. Ukutya, isantya, kunye nejiyometri yesixhobo ifuna ukulungiswa. Ivenkile eyazi kuphela izinto ezenziweyo zingonakalisa igiya ye-PM elungileyo kwinyathelo lokugqibela lomatshini. Ungayibona indlela yabo yokwenziwa kwemveliso edibeneyo kwindawo yabo https://www.tsingtaocnc.com.
Ndizibonile iigiya zisilela hayi kwi-sintering kodwa kusetyenziso olungekho mgangathweni lokucheba olusebenza nzima kwaye luqhekezeke kancinci kwindawo yezinyo. Umatshini awuyonto icingelwayo; yinxalenye yenkcazo yokusebenza. Umboneleli olungileyo ucinga ngalo lonke ikhonkco: umxube womgubo -> ukudibanisa -> i-sintering -> i-ops yesibini -> ukuqinisekiswa komgangatho.
IiNuances zeMathiriyeli kunye ne-Special Alloys
Ukuthetha ngemathiriyeli, ilizwe le-PM aliphelelanga kwintsimbi ecacileyo. Apha kulapho ifumana umdla kwizicelo ze-niche. Ngaba ufuna ukuxhathisa umhlwa? Izixhobo zensimbi ezingenasici (ezifana ne-316L okanye i-17-4 PH) zinokwenzeka, nangona zinzima ngenxa yoluhlu lwe-oxide kwi-particle powder particles. I-Sintering ifuna i-vacuum efanelekileyo okanye umoya we-hydrogen.
Ezizodwa ngakumbi ziigiya zobushushu obuphezulu okanye iindawo ezikwaziyo ukunxiba. Ungacinezela kunye ne-sinter superalloy powders. Oku kuhambelana nobuchule benkampani efana QSY, edwelisa amava nge-cobalt-based kunye ne-nickel-based alloys. Khawucinge ngesixhobo esincinci, esintsonkothileyo esifunekayo ngaphakathi kwindibano yoluvo lobushushu obuphezulu. Ukuyicoca kwi-Inconel eyomeleleyo yinto embi yokunxiba izixhobo kunye neendleko. Ukuba imithwalo ivumela, ukuvelisa nge-PM ukusuka kwi-powder esekelwe kwi-nickel yangaphambili ingaba yindlela esebenzayo, eneendleko. Ukubamba, kwakhona, lulawulo lwenkqubo. Ukufaka ezi ngxubevange kudla ngokufuna iziko levacuum ezineprofayile zobushushu ezichanekileyo ukuze kufezekiswe ukudityaniswa okufanelekileyo kokusasazwa ngaphandle kokunyibilika kweendawo ezisezantsi zokunyibilika.
Yindawo esemdeni. Ndithathe inxaxheba kumzekelo wokuqhuba i-turbocharger wastegate actuator gear usebenzisa imathiriyeli yobushushu obuphezulu. Saba neebhetshi ezintathu ezisileleyo zokucofa ngaphambi kokuba sicofe kwindawo yombethe womoya. Iigiya ezivela kwibhetshi ephumeleleyo zisasebenza kwizixhobo zovavanyo kwiminyaka emibini kamva. I-finicky, kodwa xa isebenza, intle.
Ukujongwa kweNyaniso: Iindlela zokungaphumeleli kunye nokuqinisekiswa
Ke wazi njani ukuba uyilo lwakho lwegiya le-PM luya kubambelela? Uvavanya, kodwa uvavanya ngobuchule. Isoftware yokubala igiya eqhelekileyo ihlala ineemodyuli zeegiya ze-PM, ezithi zithintele uxinzelelo oluvumelekileyo olusekwe kuxinaniso lwempahla. Zisebenzise. Kodwa ungayeki apho.
Ukuqinisekiswa ngokwasemzimbeni kwahlukile. Imowudi yokungaphumeleli eqhelekileyo ayilolohlobo lokudinwa kwamazinyo, kodwa ukuguga kwamazinyo okanye ukubhobhoza kwe-micropitting ngenxa yendawo enemingxuma esebenza njenge-abrasive ephakathi. Ke, uvavanyo lwakho lwebhentshi kufuneka lube luvavanyo oluzinzileyo lokunxiba phantsi komthwalo, hayi nje uvavanyo lokunyathela ukuya ekutshatyalalisweni. Imetallography ngumhlobo wakho. Sika isampuli yesixhobo kwaye ujonge ubume bepore. Ngaba iipores zijikelezwe kwaye zodwa (ezilungileyo), okanye zidibene (ezimbi, zamandla kunye nokugcinwa kweoli)?
Kwakhona, qwalasela imeko-bume. Isixhobo se-PM sinokufunxa ioyile ngexesha le-sintering okanye i-impregnation. Kwinkqubo yokuthambisa, oku kunokuba yindawo yokugcina amanzi. Kwinkqubo eyomileyo okanye encinci ye-lubricated, loo oli iyakwazi ukukhupha kwaye ngokwenene ikhangele uthuli kunye ne-grit, idala intlama yokusila. Oku ndikufunde kabuhlungu kwisicelo sezixhobo zezolimo. Iigiya zazilungile kwilebhu ecocekileyo kodwa zaguga ngokukhawuleza kwindawo enothuli. Satshintshela kwi-solid-lubricant impregnation kwaye ingxaki yahamba. Zezi nkcukacha zincinci, zincinci ezahlula i-spec yephepha kwinto ethembekileyo.
Ukuyisonga: Isixhobo sePragmatic kwiBhokisi
Ekupheleni kosuku, izixhobo zesinyithi somgubo sisisombululo esithile sokwenziwa, hayi jikelele. Ixabiso labo livulwa ngokuqonda okunzulu kwi-trade-offs: ubunzima vs.
Impumelelo iphuma kwintsebenziswano phakathi komyili oqonda imbonakalo yomthwalo wokwenyani wesicelo kunye nomvelisi owazi kakuhle umgubo, umshicileli, iziko, kunye nomatshini wokugqiba. Kukwiinkampani ezivala eso sikhewu-ezo zinemvelaphi yenzululwazi yemathiriyeli yesiseko kunye nokwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo kwevenkile yoomatshini-apho ezona zisombululo zinamandla nezintsha ze-PM zizalwa khona. Ayingomlingo; yenye nje indlela yokwenza amalungu esinyithi, kunye neseti yayo ekhethekileyo yemithetho, ukuphazamiseka, kunye noloyiso.
