Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'ukwenziwa kwesinyithi', baba nomfanekiso wendoda edibanisa iziqwenga ezibini zentsimbi. Leyo yinxalenye yayo, ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa kufana nokuthi ukupheka kukuzixuba nje imbiza. Ibali lokwenyani liqala phambi kokuba iintlantsi zibhabha, ngokukhethwa kwezinto kunye nendlela yokuyibumba. Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi zixhonywa ngenxa yokuba umntu othile uchaze 'intsimbi' eyenziwe yafana naleyo yafana nayo kumzobo wenxalenye efuna ukuxhathisa ityuwa etshizileyo, okanye wayalela ijiyometri entsonkothileyo ngenkqubo yokuyila engalunganga, evuthela uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Uyilo nje sisenzo sokugqibela; umdlalo ubhalwe kwi-Foundry kunye nevenkile yomatshini.
Isiseko: Iqala ngeCast
Awunako ukuyila into ongenayo. Umsebenzi wethu omninzi uqala ngokusakha ekrwada. Kulapho iinkampani ezinolwazi olunzulu lwezinto eziphathekayo, njengeQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ziba ngamaqabane abalulekileyo. Bebekumdlalo wokuphosa kunye noomatshini iminyaka engaphezu kwama-30, okuthetha ukuba bakubonile okusebenzayo noko kusilelayo. Xa bethetha iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa ukugqiba umgangatho ongcono kwizindlu zempompo okanye utyalo mali ngenxa yala blade yeinjini entsonkothileyo enamajelo angaphakathi, uyamamela. Asiyontetho yokuthengisa kuphela; isekelwe kumashumi eminyaka yokugalela isinyithi.
I-spec yemathiriyeli yenye indawo yomgodi. Intsimbi engatyiwayo ayiyonto enye. Ngaba yi-304 yokumelana nokubola ngokubanzi, okanye i-316 yeekloridi? Okanye ngaba sithetha nge-alloy esekelwe kwi-nickel kwizicelo zokushisa okuphezulu? Ndikhumbula umsebenzi kumxhasi wokulungiswa kweekhemikhali apho saqala sasebenzisa umgangatho we-304 wokwenziwa kwezinto ezingenasici. Iphumelele zonke iimvavanyo zokuqala, kodwa kwisithuba seenyanga ezintandathu ebaleni, saqala ukubona ukonakala kwestresi kuqhekeka kumalungu e-weld. Imekobume yayinomkhondo wekloridi esingakhange siphendule ngayo. Kuye kwafuneka ukuba siphinde siyifake yonke indibano sisebenzisa i-316L. Loo mpazamo yayisisifundo esikhohlakeleyo kwisayensi yezinto eziphathekayo ukuba ayinakuxoxisana. Amava e-QSY kunye ne-alloys ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-cobalt kunye ne-nickel-based based is a sign abayiqondayo ezi ndawo eziphezulu.
Ukufumana ilungelo lokuphosa yi-70% yedabi. Ukusatywa kwesango elibi kunye nokuncipha kwangaphakathi okanye ukutyeba okungahambelaniyo kodonga kuguqula okulandelayo ukwenziwa kwesinyithi inkqubo ibe liphupha elibi lokulwa ngexesha lokuwelda okanye ukunyamezelana komatshini okungenakwenzeka. Iqabane elilungileyo le-Foundry lizisa indawo ekufutshane nenetha enokwakheka.
CNC Machining: Ungenelelo oluchanekileyo
Ngoku, imveliso iyafika. Ayifane ilungele ukubhawulwa. Apha kulapho CNC machining ingena ukwenziwa kwesinyithi ukuhamba komsebenzi. Iipateni zokubhobhoza, ukujongana neendawo eziphakamileyo, ukudala ukutywinwa kwe-grooves-lo ngumsebenzi ochanekileyo ochaza indlela indibano yokugqibela ehambelana ngayo. I-QSY idibanisa oku, okuyinzuzo enkulu. Kuthetha ukuba iqela elifanayo eliqondayo ubume bokutya okuziinkozo kunye namanqaku oxinzelelo anokubakho nawo enza umatshini. Bayazi ukuba bangakuphepha phi ukuthatha inxeba elinzima kakhulu eludongeni olucekethekileyo, okanye indlela yokulungisa utyalo-mali olumile ngendlela engaqhelekanga ngaphandle kokulugqwetha.
Ndifunde kabuhlungu ukuba ukwahlula abathengisi be-casting kunye ne-machining kunokukhokelela kumdlalo onetyala. Umatshini uthi ukuphosa kuthambile okanye kuyashukuma, i-Foundry ithi i-machinist isebenzisa isantya esingalunganga / ukutya. Ukuba nayo phantsi kophahla olunye, njengakwiziko labo (uyakwazi ukubona indlela yabo https://www.tsingtaocnc.com), iyayiphelisa loo nto. I-loop yempendulo ikhawuleza. Ukuba isixhobo sincokola kwibhetshi yealloyi ethile, banokuhlengahlengisa iiparamitha zemachining okanye bayifake iflegi bayibuyisele kwinkqubo yokunyibilika. Olu manyano yinto oyixabisayo kuphela emva kokujongana nenye indlela.
Injongo yokwenziwa ngoomatshini kumalungiselelo okwenziwa ayikokubetha nje imilinganiselo kushicilelo. Kukwenza umphezulu wesalathiso kunye neempawu eziza kuvumela umenzi ukuba ahlanganise amacandelo aqikelelweyo. Iwaka lempazamo ye-intshi kwindawo yokunyuswa komlenze owenziwe ngoomatshini inokuguqulela kwikota ye-intshi engalunganga xa uzama ukuwelda isakhelo esikhulu.
Umgangatho woKwakha: Apho ithiyori idibana neTotshi
Le yinxenye emdaka, engxolayo, nezukileyo. Unezinto zakho zokusahlela ngoomatshini, ipleyiti yakho esikiweyo, isitokhwe sakho sebha. Ngoku konke kufuneka kuhlangane. Ukuwelda i-alloy esekelwe kwi-nickel sisilo esahlukileyo kwintsimbi ethambileyo. Igalelo lobushushu, ubushushu be-interpass, isinyithi sokuzalisa-yiresiphi. Yifumane engalunganga, kwaye unyusa i-carbides kwindawo echaphazeleke bubushushu, iyenze ibe brittle. Kwakha kwafuneka sidibanise umkhono we-cobalt alloy kwizindlu zentsimbi. Ukwandiswa kwe-thermal eyahlukileyo yodwa yayiyintloko. Ukushisa kwangaphambili, ulandelelwano oluthile lwe-weld, olulawulwayo olupholileyo ... lwalufana novavanyo lwekhemistri.
Ukujija kunye nokulungiswa ngamagorha angaqanjwanga. Ukuphindaphinda umsebenzi wokuvelisa, ixesha elichithwe ekwakheni i-jig eqinile, ehlengahlengiswayo ihlawula ngokuphindwe kashumi. Kodwa kwi-off-off okanye prototypes, uhlala uphucula ngeeclamp, iimagnethi, kunye ne-weld tack yethutyana. Ubuqhetseba kukwazi xa i-tack yethutyana iya kubangela uxinzelelo olwaneleyo ukutsala yonke indibano ngaphandle kwesikwere. Ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka uyiyeke ihambe, emva koko uyilungise, kunokuba uyilwele ukuzithoba.
Ulawulo olugqwethekileyo. Leyo yimfazwe eqhubekayo. Ufaka ubushushu obuqinileyo, bendawo ukujoyina iintsimbi, kwaye bafuna ukuhamba. Ulandelelwano lwe welds lubalulekile. Kwiplanga ende enezikhuni ezininzi, unokuthunga i-weld kwipatheni ethile, ukutsiba ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye, ukulinganisa ukutsalwa. Ngamanye amaxesha ude ugobe ngaphambili amacandelo kwicala elichaseneyo, ulindele ukutsalwa kwe-weld. Asiyonzululwazi ngqo; yimvakalelo kunye namava.
Umgangatho: Amanyathelo angabonakaliyo
Ubuqhetseba ayenziwa xa i-weld bead yokugqibela ibekwe. Kulapho kuqala uhlolo. Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kuqala-ukukhangela iintanda, i-undercut, i-porosity. Emva koko kuza iimvavanyo ezingonakalisi. Idayi ingena kwiziphene zomphezulu kwezo zinto zibalulekileyo zokuwelda ezingenasilima okanye ialloy. Mhlawumbi uvavanyo lwe-ultrasonic kwiziphene zangaphakathi kumacandelo ashinyeneyo. Kwizinto ezenziwe ngoxinzelelo, uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic luyimfuneko.
Kodwa enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo, kwaye zihlala zingahoywa, amanyathelo lunyango lwe-post-weld heat (PWHT). Kwiintsimbi ezininzi ze-alloy kwaye ngakumbi izinto ezenziwe ngamacandelo anzima, i-PWHT ibalulekile ukukhulula uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo oluvaleleke kwi-welding. Yinkqubo etya ixesha kunye namandla—ukuncamathela yonke indibano kwi-oveni enkulu kwaye inyuse iqondo lobushushu elithile ngexesha elithile. Kuyahenda ukuyitsiba ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nomhla obekiweyo, kodwa ndizibonile iziphumo: iplate enkulu eyenziweyo yecompressor eyaqhekeka ngokuvakalayo kwiinyanga kamva ihleli nje eyadini, ukusuka kuxinzelelo lwangaphakathi oluzama ukulinganisa.
Amaxwebhu ayinxalenye yomgangatho nawo. Irekhodi efanelekileyo yokwenza izinto, kunye ne-certs yezinto eziphathekayo, i-weld procedure specifications (WPS) ezisetyenzisiweyo, iitshathi zokunyanga ukushisa, kunye neengxelo zokuhlola, yintoni eguqula imfumba yesinyithi ibe yinto enokulandelwa, ethembekileyo. Apha kulapho ubambiswano kunye nomboneleli odibeneyo othe nkqo ubonisa ixabiso lakho kwakhona. Iicerts eziphathekayo ezivela ekukhanyisweni, iingxelo ze-machining, kunye neerekhodi zokwenziwa zinokuba yinxalenye yephakheji ehambelanayo.
Inzuzo Edibeneyo
Ngoko, ukujikeleza emva. Yinyani ukwenziwa kwesinyithi ayilorhwebo lodwa. Sisiphelo setyathanga: ukhetho lwemathiriyeli, ukwenza (njengokuphosa), ukuchaneka komatshini, kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukudibanisa kunye nokugqiba. Xa ezi zigaba zivaliwe, ulahlekelwa lulwazi. Umqambi akazi ukuba kutheni indawo ethile yokuphosa inzima, i-machinist ayiqondi ukulandelelana kwe-weld eya kulandela.
Yiyo loo nto imodeli yenkampani efana ne-QSY inomdla. Ukusebenza ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 ekujuleni nasekusebenzeni kubanika isiseko sokuqonda indlela yokuziphatha kwemathiriyeli ukusuka kwimeko yolwelo ukuya phambili. Xa ke ngoko bezibandakanya okanye babonelele ngezinto ezenziweyo, bazisa yonke imbali etafileni. Abathengisi nje i-casting okanye ibhloko eyenziwe ngoomatshini; bathengisa icandelo elineempawu ezaziwayo, indlela yokuziphatha eqikelelwayo phantsi kwetotshi, kunye nomngcipheko ocuthiweyo wezinto ezothusayo ezisezantsi.
Kwinjineli okanye umphathi weprojekthi, oku kudityaniswa sisixhobo sokunciphisa umngcipheko. Iyenza lula ikhonkco lonikezelo, iqinise i-loop yengxelo yokusombulula ingxaki, kwaye ngokwemvelo yakhela ukujongwa komgangatho kumabakala amaninzi. Injongo yokuphela koyilo ayikokwenza nje into efana nomzobo. Kukwenza into esebenzayo, ethembekileyo, phantsi kweemeko zehlabathi lokwenyani. Kwaye loo msebenzi wenziwa ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba i-weld yokugqibela yenziwe.
