Uyazi, xa abantu besiva 'ukubumba inaliti yentsimbi' okanye i-MIM, kukho oku kuxhuma kwangoko ekucingeni ukuba kukubumba iplastiki entle okanye umntu okhuphisana ngokuthe ngqo kutyalo-mali. Leyo yindawo yokuqala apho incoko idla ngokuphuma esiporweni. Ithatha le niche ikhethekileyo, ehlala ingaqondwa kakuhle-ayiyo-machining, ayikuko ukuphosa, kodwa yinkqubo ye-hybrid powder metallurgy ethi, xa uyifumene kakuhle, ingabizi kakhulu kwiinxalenye ezincinci, ezinomthamo omkhulu. Kodwa ukwenza okulungileyo ngumdlalo wonke.
I-Core Illusion: Ubunzima baMahala
Eyona ndawo ithengisa kakhulu, kunye nomgibe omkhulu, kubunzima boyilo. Iincwadana zenza ukuba kubonakale ngathi unokuyila nayiphi na i-undercut, naluphi na udonga oluncinci, kwaye luvele luphume kwi-mold. Kwaye ngokobuchwepheshe, unako. I-feedstock-ngumgubo wesinyithi ocolekileyo oxutywe ne-polymer binder-ihamba njengeplastiki. Ke ugcwalisa imingxunya entsonkothileyo eya kuba liphupha elibi lokwenza oomatshini. Ndikhumbula umxhasi efuna isixhobo esincinci sotyando kunye namajelo angaphakathi e-helical. Ephepheni, iMIM yayigqibelele.
Kodwa kulapho ujongo lokuqala lokwenyani lufika khona. Ngenxa yokuba unako ukuyibumba ayithethi ukuba iya kuba sinter ngokuchanekileyo. Nantso ke ukubumba inaliti yentsimbi crucible moment: umjikelo debinding kunye sintering. Inxalenye iyancipha, ngokufanayo uthemba, malunga ne-15-20%. Ezo ndonga zintle zibhityileyo zinokujika ukuba inkxaso ngexesha lomjikelo we-thermal ayilunganga nje. Loo ndawo yotyando? Ibhetshi yokuqala yaphuma eziko ikhangeleka ngathi ngumzobo wobugcisa bale mihla. Kwafuneka sibuyele umva, sityebe icandelo ngokungagxekiyo ukongeza ukuqina, kwaye sihlengahlengise irempu yesithando somlilo. Ukuntsokotha akusimahla; uthengisa nje ubunzima bomatshini wobunzima benkqubo ye-sintering.
Kulapho ivenkile esulungekileyo yokwenza oomatshini inokuhlekisa, kodwa isiseko esinamava abanzi siyayifumana. Inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), kunye namashumi eminyaka kuyo utyalo mali kunye ne-CNC machining, eneneni inombono ochanekileyo. Babona ubume bezinto eziziinkozo, iimfuno zasemva kokulungiswa. Bayaqonda ukuba iMIM ayiloqhinga lomlingo elizimeleyo; yinkqubo ezondla kwikhonkco elipheleleyo lemveliso. Umzekelo, icandelo le-MIM linokuphuma kwi-sintering kwimilo ekufutshane-netha, kodwa ibhore ebaluleke kakhulu isenokufuna ukupasa kwe-CNC okukhanyayo ukubetha unyamezelo oluqinileyo. Udinga obo buchule bokusebenza esandleni, budityaniswe kwingcinga kwasekuqaleni.
Ingqondo yezinto eziphathekayo: AyisiyoNsimbi nje
Izinto zokuthetha kwi-MIM ngomnye umaleko. Abantu bathi intsimbi engatyiwa 316L kwaye bacinga ukuba iyafana nesitokhwe sebha esenziweyo. Ayiyo. Iqala njengomgubo we-micron-ubungakanani obungqukuva, otshiza kwisakhiwo esisondeleleneyo esipheleleyo. Iipropathi zoomatshini zigqwesile, kaninzi ngama-95-98% enziweyo, kodwa ubomi bokudinwa okanye ukuxhathisa kokubola kunokwahluka ngobuchule ngokusekelwe kwi-atmosphere ye-sintering kunye ne-porosity yokugqibela. Wakha i-metallurgy ukusuka kumgubo ukuya phezulu.
Kulapho ke ialloys ezikhethekileyo fumana umdla. Siqhube iibhetshi ezine-nickel-based superalloys kumalungu e-aero. Lucelomngeni? Ukususwa kwe-binder kufuneka kungabi nasiphako. Nayiphi na intsalela yekhabhoni ekwi-alloy yobushushu obuphezulu ngexesha le-sintering inokudala i-brittle carbides kwaye yonakalise ukusebenza kwenxalenye yobushushu obuphezulu. Yinto umdaniso phakathi chemistry kunye nolawulo thermal. Imvelaphi ye-QSY ekufakeni i-cobalt-based based and nickel-based alloys ibanika umlenze apha-basele besetyenziselwa ukucinga malunga nokuziphatha kwezinto eziphathekayo kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu, malunga nokulawulwa kweenkozo. Olo lwazi ludlulisa, nokuba inkqubo yahlukile.
Ingxaki yoMqulu kunye neZixhobo zokwenyani
Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba iMIM yeyevolumu ephezulu. Iindleko zezixhobo zibalulekile-intsimbi eqinile, i-multi-cavity molds, ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nezenzo ezinzima. Kufuneka usasaze ezo ndleko ngaphezulu, yithi, iinxalenye ezingama-50,000 ubuncinci ukwenza ingqiqo. Kodwa umthamo ophezulu uhambelana. Ndakhe ndasebenza kwiprojekthi yesixhobo sokukhetha ukhuseleko lompu. Umthamo wawulapho, amakhulu amawaka. Kodwa isicatshulwa sokuqala sokusetyenziswa kwasothusa. Kwafuneka sixabise-injineli yokubumba: imingxuma encitshisiweyo, yenziwe lula i-ejector mechanism, yamkelwe ixesha lomjikelo omde kancinane. Ixabiso lenxalenye nganye linyuke kancinci, kodwa iprojekthi iye yasebenza.
Esinye isifundo sezixhobo kulondolozo. I-feedstock is abrasive. Iya kuguga amasango kunye nezikhonkwane ezithambileyo ngaphaya kwamakhulu amawaka emijikelo. Kufuneka uyicwangcise loo nto, ube neshedyuli yokuhlola nokuhlaziya. Ayisiyo isethi kwaye uyilibale imveliso njengoko abanye becinga. Uhlala ubeka esweni ubunzima benxalenye (uphawu oluphambili lokunxitywa kombhobho) kunye nokuhlolwa komgangatho. Yinkqubo ephilayo.
Xa iMIM isilela (kwaye nento oyifundileyo)
Awuyenzanga nge-MIM de ube nokusilela okukhulu. Eyona nto yayindifundisa kakhulu yayiyibhetshi yezindlu ezidityanisiweyo. Baphumelele zonke iitshekhi ezinobungakanani emva kokuba sintering. Kodwa ngexesha lokwenziwa kotyando lwesibini, baqala ukuqhekeka. Umoni? Ukubophelela okungaphelelanga. Umbindi omncinci wesibophelelo ushiyekile uvaleleke kwelona candelo lishinyeneyo. Ngexesha lokutya, ikhuphe okanye idale indawo yoxinzelelo, ekhokelela kwiicracks ezincinci. Yayikukusilela kweprofayili ye-thermal, hayi ukubumba. Kwafuneka siyilahlile yonke ibhetshi kwaye siyila ngokutsha umjikelo weziko kunye namaxesha amade wokubamba kumaqondo obushushu abalulekileyo. Kwabetheka ekhaya ukuba inkqubo yokubumba inaliti yentsimbi lutsheyini lwamanyathelo amathathu abaluleke ngokulinganayo: ukubumba, ukubopha, ukuthoba. Ubuthathaka kuye nawuphi na umntu baqhawula ityathanga.
Le yenye inqaku lentsebenziswano kunye nenkqubo efana nokuphosa ukubunjwa kweqokobhe okanye utyalo-mali. Nangona iindlela zobugcisa zihluke, ifilosofi iyafana: unepateni (okanye isikhunta), wenza imilo, kwaye emva koko uyibeke ekushiseni okukhulu ukuze ufumane inxalenye yokugqibela yentsimbi. Iindlela zokungaphumeleli zahlukile-i-shrinkage porosity ekuphoseni ngokuchasene ne-sintering defects kwi-MIM-kodwa ingqondo yokulawula ukuguqulwa kwe-thermal lulwimi olwabelwanayo. Igcisa elisuka kwimvelaphi yokuphosa lihlala likuqonda ukubaluleka kweereyithi zendlela ye-thermal, nokuba isixhobo sahlukile.
Ukudityaniswa okunyanzelekileyo
Khona iMIM ihleli phi namhlanje? Asiyombumbulu yesilivere. Sisixhobo esinamandla kwibhokisi ethile: eyinkimbinkimbi, encinci (ngokuqhelekileyo ingaphantsi kwe-100 grams), iinxalenye zetsimbi eziphezulu. Amandla ayo okwenene avulwa xa ingaphathwa njengesiqithi. Iziphumo ezilungileyo endizibonileyo kuxa inkqubo ye-MIM idityaniswe kunye nemisebenzi esezantsi ukusuka kwinqanaba loyilo. Ngaba sinokuyila eli nqaku ukuba libunjwe, ukuze sisuse ukuseta oomatshini abathathu? Ngaba sinokuyicacisa le powder yensimbi engenasici kwi-sinter kubunzima obunciphisa ukunxiba kwesixhobo se-post-machining?
Ukujonga uluhlu olupheleleyo lwesakhono somenzi kukuxelela okuninzi. Ngokomzekelo, ukubona oko QSY inikeza iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa, ukuphosa utyalo-mali, i-CNC machining, kwaye isebenza kunye neentsapho ezifanayo zezixhobo (i-stainless, i-alloys ekhethekileyo) eziqhelekileyo kwi-MIM-leyo yiprofayili yeqabane elinokwenza umnxeba onyanisekileyo. Basenokujonga inxalenye yoshicilelo kwaye bathi, Kule geometry kunye nomthamo, iMIM ingakugcina i-30% ngaphezulu komatshini, kodwa utyalo-mali lunokuba luqina ngakumbi kweli candelo lodonga. Abanayo inkuthazo yokunyanzelisa inkqubo enye. Lowo ngumgwebo wobuchwephesha ovela ekuboneni indlela ubugcisa bokwenza isinyithi obahlukeneyo obudibana ngayo, okanye ngamanye amaxesha, musa.
Ekugqibeleni, i-MIM yinkqubo yolawulo lokuthobela. Urhweba ngeempawu ezipheleleyo zenkululeko yejometri. Wamkela izixhobo eziphezulu zangaphambili ngexabiso eliphantsi ngokwenxalenye nganye kwisikali. Ufumana imilo ekufutshane nenetha kodwa kufuneka uhloniphe imithetho ye-sintering. Sisisombululo esiqaqambileyo, kodwa kuphela ukuba uhamba kuyo ngamehlo akho evulekile, ngokuhlonipha lonke ikhonkco ukusuka kwipowder ukuya kwinxalenye egqityiweyo. Ayingomlingo; ikrelekrele kakhulu, isinyithi esichanekileyo.
