Makhe sinqumle intetho yokuthengisa. Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'ukwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo', bafanekisela iindawo ezingenasiphako, ezimile okwenetha ziphuma kumngundo, zilungele ukuhamba. Ubunyani bunoburhalarhume, buchaneke ngakumbi, kwaye ngokungafihlisiyo, bunomdla ngakumbi. Asiyonkqubo nje; luthethathethwano olungagungqiyo phakathi kwamabhongo oyilo, indlela yokuziphatha ngokwezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nobunyani obungeyonyani befiziksi kunye nekhemistri. Uninzi lwee-specs ziphoswa ngapha nangapha ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuba kubiza malini na ukufezekisa emgangathweni.
Umdlalo weShell: Ingaphezulu kuneSanti nje
Ukwenziwa kokungunda kweqokobhe, enye yeendlela zethu ezingundoqo, kuhlala kugqunywa ngokugalelwa kwesanti elula. Yimpazamo leyo. Ukuchaneka kuqala ngokungunda ngokwayo. Asipakishi nje isanti sijikeleze ipateni; sakha iqokobhe elibhityileyo, eliqinileyo ngenkqubo yestucco enamanyathelo amaninzi. Ukuhambelana kwe-ceramic slurry, ubukhulu beenkozo ze-stucco ephikisayo, ixesha lokumisa phakathi kwedips-i-variable nganye eguquguqukayo ukuya kwindawo yokugqibela. Fumana enye engalunganga, kwaye uya kuyibona ekugqibeleni, okanye ngakumbi, kwiqhekeza leqokobhe ngexesha lokugalela. Ndizibonile iiprojekthi apho umxhasi ufuna iRa 3.2 μm umphezulu wokugqiba njengoko uphoswe. Inokufezekiswa? Ewe, ngeqokobhe. Kodwa oko kwakuthetha ukudibanisa i-viscosity yedyasi yokuqala kunye nokufudukela kwisanti ye-zircon ecolekileyo yedyasi yobuso, eyongeze iindleko kunye neemfuno zokuphatha ezibuthathaka. Kolu rhwebo luchaza ukuchaneka kokwenyani.
Uvavanyo lokwenyani luza neejometri ezintsonkothileyo. Iindonga ezincinci, imijelo yangaphakathi, i-undercuts. Ngokubumba iqokobhe, sinokufezekisa amacandelo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3mm ngokuthembekileyo, kodwa sityhalele kwi-2mm? Kulapho ubugcisa bungena khona. Ifuna uyilo lwepateni egqibeleleyo (ii-engile eziyidrafti azixoxisi), kunye nokulawulwa, ukugalela ngokukhawuleza ukuzalisa umngxuma phambi kokuba intsimbi iqalise ukukhenkceza kuloo macandelo athambileyo. Siphulukene nebhetshi kanye kwiprototype yempompo yempompo-ipateni entle, kodwa iiprinta ezingundoqo bezingaphantsi kancinci. Ngethuba lokuthululwa, ukuxhamla kwentsimbi etyhidiweyo yensimbi engenasici ngokwenene yaphakamisa ingundoqo, iphosakele iipaseji zangaphakathi. Ukusilela okuthe cwaka, okuxabisa imali eninzi okusifundise ukuba ngaphezulu-kwenjineli yeankile engundoqo yokugalela okuguquguqukayo.
Kwaye ke kukho ukunyanzeliswa kwezinto. I-shell molds ine-stability dimensional stability for ferrous alloys-cast cast, carbon steels, amabakala angenasici. Kodwa xa utsibela kwi-superalloys kunye namaqondo okushisa okuthulula kumntla we-1500 ° C, ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-thermal kwiqokobhe kukhohlakele. Satshintshela kwidyasi yobuso edityanisiweyo yesilica kuthotho lwe ialloys esekwe nickel amacandelo, eyanceda, kodwa yazisa ingxaki entsha: iqokobhe libe lukhuni ngakumbi. Inkqubo yokuphatha ukusuka kwi-dewax ukuya ekugaleleni kwafuneka iphinde icingelwe ngokupheleleyo. Akukho ncwadi yesikhokelo igubungela oko; lulwazi lwezizwe phantsi.
Ukulahlwa koTyalo-mali: Ujongo lweNyaniso lweWax elahlekileyo
Ukwenziwa kotyalo-mali ngumntwana wepowusta ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye ngesizathu esihle. Ukuphindaphinda kwepateni ye-wax kulapho ukunyaniseka kuzalwa khona. Kodwa igama elithi 'i-wax elahlekileyo' livakala ngathi linomlingo, kwaye lifihla inani lamanyathelo apho ukunyamezela kunokopha. Imilinganiselo ye-wax injection-iqondo lokushisa, uxinzelelo, ukubamba ixesha-ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo imilinganiselo yepateni kunye nomgangatho womhlaba. Ipatheni ebonakala igqibelele inokuncipha ngokwahlukileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yotyalo-mali, ilahle imilinganiselo ebalulekileyo.
Siyisebenzisa kakhulu kwiindawo ezingenakukwazi ukwenza umatshini ngokwezoqoqosho-cinga iiblade ze-iturbine ezidityanisiweyo ezinamatshaneli okupholisa angaphakathi, okanye iiprototypes zokufakelwa kwezonyango ezinemilo ephilayo. Ukuchaneka komda kuphezulu, kuhlala kubambe +/- 0.005 intshizi nge-intshi nganye. Kodwa oko kuphantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo. Isifundo esinye esifundwe nzima: ukufuma kwe-ambient ngemini owakha ngayo iqokobhe leceramic ibalulekile. Iphezulu kakhulu, kwaye iileya ezilandelelanayo aziwomi kwaye zitshise ngokufanelekileyo; iqokobhe linokuba buthathaka. Iphantsi kakhulu, kwaye iileya zinokunyanga ngokukhawuleza, zibangela uxinzelelo. Ngoku sinolawulo lwemozulu kwigumbi lokwakha iqokobhe, inkcitho eyinkunzi engaxoxisiyo eyazihlawulela ngenkunkuma encitshisiweyo.
Inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwewaxing lelinye ixesha elibalulekileyo. Autoclave vs. flash fire? Nganye ineengenelo zayo. Kwiipateni ezinkulu ezinamacandelo ashinyeneyo, sikhetha umjikelo we-autoclave olawulwayo wokunyibilikisa i-wax ngaphandle kokuqhekeka iqokobhe eliluhlaza. Kodwa kwizakhiwo ezibuthathaka, ezinodonga oluncinci, ukothuka kwe-thermal yomlilo ovuthayo kunokuba nzima kakhulu. Siqhekeze umthi wonke wezibiyeli ze-aerospace kanye ngokuba ndlongondlongo kakhulu ngoxinzelelo lwe-autoclave. Iwax ayizange iphele ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo, yandiswa, kwaye… pop. Ukuthe cwaka, i-ceramic crunch ethetha iiveki zexesha elilahlekileyo. Ngoku, kuyo yonke indibano entsha yewax, siqhuba iqokobhe elincinci lovavanyo ukucofa iiparamitha ze-dewaxing. Iyacotha, kodwa iyasindisa.
Isixhobo asiloPhepha nje eliKhethekileyo
Abathengi bathumela izinto eziphathekayo: ASTM A351 CF8M okanye i-Inconel 718. Kukuqala kwencoko, kungekhona ukuphela. I-alloy nganye iziphatha njengento ephilayo kwi-crucible kunye ne-mold. Thatha intsimbi engenasici. I-chromium ifuna ukwenza i-oxidize, yenze i-slag enokuthi ibanjwe kwi-casting ukuba inkqubo yokungena ayilwanga ukugcina ukuthululwa kuphazamise kwaye kuvezwe emoyeni. Sisebenzisa izandiso zembaleki kunye nezihluzi ze-ceramic njengesiqhelo ngoku, kodwa kuthathe iibhetshi ezimbalwa ezinokufakwa komphezulu ombi ukwenza loo mthetho.
I-alloys esekwe kwiCobalt zizilo zabo. Ukunxiba okumangalisayo kunye nokumelana nomhlwa, ulwelo olubi. Bafumana i-mushy ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ukuzalisa amacandelo amancinci lugqatso. Kuhlala kufuneke siwafudumeze ngaphezu kokuba i-spec sheet icebisa, nto leyo ebeka emngciphekweni ukukhula kweenkozo kunye nemvula ye-carbide. Isicombululo? Ukugalela ngokukhawuleza kwizikhonkwane ezifudumalayo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukufudumeza umngundo. Yongeza ubunzima, kodwa kuphela kwendlela yokufumana ukuzaliswa okupheleleyo kwisitulo sevalvu, umzekelo. Awunakuvele ugalele ezi ngathi ugalela intsimbi.
Kwaye ke kukho inyani post-casting. Abaninzi bacinga ukuba inxalenye echanekileyo yokuphosa igqityiwe. Kunzima. Phantse yonke into iya kwisebe lethu le-CNC. I-casting ibonelela ngokusondeleyo kwi-net-net shape, kodwa i-machining inikeza ukuchaneka kokugqibela, okusebenzayo-iintambo, iindawo zokutywinwa, i-tight-tolerance bores. Apha kulapho synergy kwindawo efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) iyavakala. Ukuba ne-casting kunye ne-machining phantsi kophahla olunye kuthetha ukuba iqela elisebenza ngomatshini lingabuyela kwi-Foundry: Lo mphathi uhlala e-0.5mm engqindilili kakhulu, eshiya isitokhwe esiningi kakhulu ukuba singasisusa, okanye I-as-cast surface kule pokotho ilungile kangangokuba sinokutsiba i-roughing pass. Loo lophu yengxelo, eyakhiwe kwiminyaka yabo engama-30, kulapho ukuhambelana kokwenyani kuyenziwa.
I-CNC: Iqabane, hayi iQela lokuCoca
Ukuthetha nge-CNC, ayisiyonto icingelwayo; yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenxaki echanekileyo. Amanqaku edatha asekwe kwipatheni yokuphosa kufuneka ayilwe kucingwe ngomatshini. Siye safudukela kwiprototypes eprintiweyo ye-3D ukuvavanya olujongano phambi kokusika isinyithi. Inxalenye ephoswe kakuhle ayinamsebenzi ukuba ayinakubanjwa ngokukhuselekileyo ngenxa yomatshini ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Kwimathiriyeli efana ne-duplex stainless steels okanye iintsimbi zesixhobo esomeleleyo, iiparamitha zemachining post-casting zibalulekile. Unyango olushushu oluvela kwinkqubo yokuphosa luchaphazela ubuqili. Sihlala sisenza i-anneal ethambileyo phambi komatshini, emva koko siphathe ubushushu bokugqibela ukuya kwi-spec, silandelwe kukugqiba ukukhanya. Ngumdaniso onamanyathelo amathathu phakathi kweziko kunye neziko lomatshini. Ukuzama ukutshiza i-as-cast, lukhuni intsimbi icandelo yindlela enkulu yokutshisa iifake kunye nokwazisa uxinzelelo kwindawo.
Ixabiso lokwenyani elongeziweyo kukuchulumancisa iimilo zesamente ezingacatshangelwayo. Kutshanje siye saba neepaseji ezininzi ezidibanayo zangaphakathi ekungenakwenzeka ukuba zigrunjwe. Ngokusebenzisa utyalo mali, sakha iipaseji. Emva koko, usebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-5-axis CNC kunye ne-EDM, senze i-flanges kunye nokudibanisa i-port kunye nokulungelelaniswa okugqibeleleyo kwezo ndinyana eziphosiweyo. Ukubunjwa kwenze ukuba kube nzima ukuntsonkotha; i-CNC yenza ujongano lwelizwe lokwenyani.
Ukungaphumeleli yiNdawo yeDatha
Awuzukulunga kule nto ngaphandle kokwaphula izinto. Izinto ezininzi. Injongo asikokuphepha ukusilela, kodwa kukwenza oko kwenzeke ngendlela elawulwayo nefundisayo. Siqhuba uhlolo lwenqaku lokuqala elonakalisayo lomda-ukusika iisampulu zesampulu ukulinganisa ubukhulu bodonga lwangaphakathi, ukujonga i-micro-porosity kunye nedayi yokungena kwiindawo ezingabalulekanga, ukwenza iimvavanyo zokugoba kwimivalo yokuvavanya ngokwahlukileyo.
Omnye umba ozingisayo yayikukushwabana kancinci kumacandelo anzima amelene neendonga ezibhityileyo. Isisombululo sasingekho kubumba; yayikuyilo lokunyuka kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-exothermic padding ukulawula ukuthambeka kokuqina. Sifunde oko kwimpompo engasebenziyo yezindlu. Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwadlula, kodwa iX-reyi yatyhila indawo enesponji eyayinokusilela kukudinwa. Oko kukhokelele kuphononongo olusemgangathweni loyilo lwentamo yethu yokutya kwiijometri ezifanayo.
Ekugqibeleni, ukuphosa ngokuchanekileyo imalunga nolawulo kunye nokuqikelela. Kumalunga nokwazi ukuba ukuba ulandela inkqubo ethile ye-cocktail-le ngxube ye-wax, iresiphi yeqokobhe, lobushushu obuthululwayo baloo ngxubevange, olo landelelwano lwe-machining-uya kufumana inxalenye ngaphakathi kwemvulophu eqikelelweyo yokwahluka. Ayikhe igqibelele, kodwa intle ngokuthembekileyo. Kwaye oko kuthembeka, okuzelwe kumashumi amathathu eminyaka yokusombulula iingxaki ezifana nezi zingasentla, kuko okwahlula inxalenye esebenza kwindawo ehlala ihleli. Iinkampani ezihlala ziphela, njenge-QSY, ziyaqonda ukuba bunzulu, ngamanye amaxesha bumdaka, ulwazi lwenkqubo oyithengayo ngokwenene, kungekhona nje ifayile ye-CAD eguqulelwe kwisinyithi.
