Xa usiva 'iinxalenye zezixhobo zemigodi', iingqondo ezininzi zitsibela ngqo kwizinto ezinkulu nezicacileyo: iiemele, amazinyo, imihlathi yokutyumza. Nantso umphezulu. Umdlalo wokwenyani, indawo egcina isiza siqhuba okanye sisila ukuba sime, sisoloko sikwizinto ezingabukeki kangako. Izikhonkwane namatyholo onxibelelano lomhlakulo, iibhloko zevalvu kwinkqubo yoxinzelelo loxinzelelo olukhulu olwenziwa ngamanzi aphantsi komhlaba, iipleyiti zeadaptha eziqhelekileyo ezingagcinwanga mntu. Ndibone imisebenzi emininzi igxile kumxholo wokunxiba iinxalenye kwaye emva koko ndaphulukana neveki yokuvelisa ngenxa yokuba ibonakala incinci. izixhobo zemigodi ukuphosa akuphumelelanga. Akunjalo nje ngobulukhuni okanye ukomelela ephepheni; imalunga nendlela loo nxalenye iziphatha ngayo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu kuthuli olurhabaxa, ifuthe eliqhubekayo, kunye nokuhamba ngebhayisekile eshushu. I-spec sheet ngumgca wokuqala, hayi ukugqiba.
Ingcamango Ephosakeleyo Yezinto Ezibonakalayo
Umgibe oqhelekileyo kukuchaza ngokugqithisileyo imathiriyeli. Omnye umntu ufunda 'ukumelana ne-abrasion ephezulu' kwaye ngokukhawuleza abize intsimbi ye-T1 okanye i-iron ene-chrome ephezulu. Kulungile, ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko, kodwa kuyabiza kwaye kunokugqithisa. Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, unyango olungalunganga lobushushu kwi-alloy yepremiyamu lungayenza ibe brittle kuneyona inexabiso eliphantsi, enyangwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ndikhumbula imeko enamakhonkco ekhonkco lokutsala. Umxhasi wagxininisa kwintsimbi ethile ye-alloy high-grade. Amalungu adibana nayo yonke imichiza kunye ne-mechanical spec kwii-certs, kodwa zaqala ukuqhekeka kwiindawo ze-weld ebaleni. Ingxaki? Ubunzima bezinto eziphathekayo buphezulu kakhulu kubukhulu becandelo kunye neemeko zokulungiswa kwendawo. Inqanaba elisezantsi, intsimbi exolelayo enenkqubo yokucima elungiselelweyo yayiza kuhlala ixesha elide. Isifundo yayikukuba inzululwazi yezinto eziphathekayo ayikho malunga nengxelo yelebhu kuphela; imalunga nomjikelo wobomi uphela, kubandakanywa ukugcinwa nokulungiswa.
Apha kulapho amava e-Foundry ebaluleka khona. Ivenkile egalela nje isinyithi kumzobo ngumthengisi wempahla. Iqabane lokwenyani lelo libuza imibuzo. Yeyiphi indlela yokusilela kwenxalenye yangoku? Ngaba kukunxitywa kwe-abrasive, ukwaphuka kwempembelelo, okanye ukudinwa? Luthini ubushushu obusebenzayo? Ndisebenze nababoneleli abafumana oku. Umzekelo, Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) ibikwisakhelo kunye noomatshini amashumi eminyaka. Xa uxoxa a izixhobo zemigodi iprojekthi kunye nabo, incoko ikhawuleza idlule umzobo kwisicelo. Imbali yabo ende kunye neqokobhe kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali koomatshini bemizi-mveliso kuthetha ukuba babonile ukuba ii-alloys ezahlukeneyo ziziphatha njani phantsi koxinzelelo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Basenokuthi bacebise i-tweak-njengomxholo we-nickel ohluke kancinane kumxube ongenasici ukwenzela ukuxhatshazwa okungcono kwe-corrosion-fatigue kwi-slurry pump component-esekelwe kwiiprojekthi ezidlulileyo ezifanayo. Lilo ixabiso leminyaka engama-30 kumsele.
Kukwamalunga nokwazi ixesha lokutshintshela iinkqubo. Isilahlisi esintsonkothileyo, esinodonga olucekethekileyo lwempompo yokukhupha amanzi inokuba liphupha elibi lokugalelwa kwesanti kodwa ifanelene ngokugqibeleleyo inkqubo yabo yotyalo-mali, inika indawo ekufutshane nemilo enomnatha enomphetho ongcono kakhulu womphezulu kunye nokungaguquguquki kwe-dimensional, icutha indleko yomatshini osezantsi kwixabiso elibiza i-stainless. Elo nqaku lesigqibo, ukukhetha indlela efanelekileyo yokuvelisa, yindleko efihlakeleyo kodwa enkulu kunye nomqhubi wokusebenza.
Ukuchaneka apho ungayilindelanga kancinci
Kukho uluvo lokuba izixhobo zemigodi zimalunga namandla akhohlakeleyo, ngoko ke ukunyamezelana kunokukhululeka. Akukho nto inokuba ngaphezulu kwinyani kumacandelo athile. Thatha i-hydraulic manifold kwibholi yophahla. Iipaseji zangaphakathi, iindawo zokutywina, ukudityaniswa kwemisonto-ukuba ezi zinto azenziwanga ngoomatshini ngokuchanekileyo, ufumana ukuvuza, ukuhla koxinzelelo, kunye nokusilela kwenkqubo phantsi komhlaba. Lo ngumba wokhuseleko, hayi nje ixesha lokuphumla. CNC machining asinto yanto apha; yimfuneko.
Sasineprojekthi yeebhloko zevalvu yehydraulic elungiselelwe abasebenzi basezimayini abaqhubekayo. Umzobo wawufuna imingxunya enzulu, egrunjiweyo enqamlezileyo enemiphetho ethile. Ukungalungi okuncinci okanye ukugqiba kakubi kuya kubangela i-cavitation kunye nokukhukuliseka okukhawulezayo. Yayifuna iqabane elingumatshini elingaqondi nje ukuba iqhutywa njani i-CNC, kodwa indlela yokucwangcisa iindlela zesixhobo, khetha izinto zokupholisa ezifanelekileyo, kwaye ubambe ukunyamezelana kwibhetshi yamakhulu aliqela amaqhekeza. Ngumahluko phakathi kwenxalenye esebenzayo kunye nethembekileyo. Iinkampani ezidibanisa ukuphosa kunye nomatshini we-CNC, njenge-QSY, zinenzuzo apha. Bangakwazi ukuphosa umzimba wevalve ekufutshane ne-net-shape kwibakala elifanelekileyo le-ductile iron okanye intsimbi, baze bayigqibe kwimigca yabo ye-CNC. Oku kulawula lonke ikhonkco lomgangatho, ukusuka ekunyibilikeni ukuya kwi-deburring yokugqibela, iqinisekisa ukuba iindawo zokutywina ezibalulekileyo zigqibelele.
I-alloys ezikhethekileyo ezikhankanya-i-cobalt-based, i-nickel-based-ingumzekelo ogqibeleleyo. Ezi zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukunxiba okugqithisileyo okanye amabala obushushu obuphezulu, njengeepleyiti zokunxiba impompo eludaka okanye iiblayidi zeinjini yoncedo kwiiyunithi zamandla ancedisayo. Machining ezi sisilo. Basebenza ngokukhawuleza, banzima kwizixhobo zokusebenza. Ukuba nesakhono somatshini ngaphakathi endlini kuthetha ukuba i-Foundry kunye nevenkile yomatshini bathetha ulwimi olufanayo, baphucula uyilo lokuphosa ukuze basebenze kwasekuqaleni, ogcina isixa esikhulu seendleko kunye nentlungu kamva.
Ujongo lweNqobo lweSiza
Bonke ubunjineli obugqibeleleyo kunye nokuveliswa kusenokungena kudonga lwezitena lwenyani kwindawo yomgodi. Ulungiselelo kunye nexesha lokukhokela yinxalenye ye izixhobo zemigodi inxaki. Unokuba nesona sihlangu esisesona siyilwe kakuhle emhlabeni, kodwa ukuba sihleli kwizibuko iiveki ezintathu, ilori yokutsala ayihambi. Ndiye ndabandakanyeka kwiiprojekthi apho siye sayila indawo egqibeleleyo yokubuyisela, kuphela ukufumana ukufakela okufunekayo isixhobo esikhethekileyo abasebenzi bokulondoloza ababengenaso, okanye inxalenye yayinzima kakhulu nge-50kg kwi-crane yabo kwisayithi. Ngoku, sihlala sizama ukufumana incwadi yogcino okanye ubuncinane sithethe nomkhandi oyintloko phambi kokuba sigqibezele uyilo.
Enye inyani ngumjikelo wokulungisa nokwakha ngokutsha. Amalungu amaninzi awatshintshwa ngamatsha; zakhiwa ngokutsha. Uyilo olulungileyo luqwalasela oku. Ngaba umphezulu ogugileyo unokwakhiwa nge-hardfacing? Ngaba kukho iifitsha ezenza ulungelelwaniso ngexesha lokuphinda udibane nobudenge? Ngamanye amaxesha, elona candelo libaluleke kakhulu ayisiyonxalenye ye-OEM, kodwa yinguqulelo eyenziwe ngokutsha kancinane ye-aftermarket elungisa indawo eyaziwayo yokusilela okanye yenza lula inkonzo yasendle. Oku kulapho intsebenziswano esondeleyo kunye nomsebenzisi wokugqibela kunye nomenzi oguquguqukayo ohlawulayo.
Ndikhumbula ndikhangela indawo yetyala elikhulu, eliphelelwe lixesha lesixhobo sokutyumza esidala. I-OEM ayizange iphinde iphumelele. Kuye kwafuneka siyibuyisele umva-injineli ukusuka kwisampulu esele igugile. Ukusaswa kwakuntsonkothile, kukho iimbambo zangaphakathi kunye nemijelo yokupholisa. Sihambe nenkqubo yokuphosa iqokobhe lokungunda ukuchaneka komgangatho ongcono kunye nokuveliswa kweenkcukacha zomhlaba. Isiseko somlingane (yayiyinkampani eneprofayile efana ne-QSY, egxile ekwenziweni ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokwenza oomatshini) yayibalulekile. Baye bancedisa ekuchongeni iindawo apho sinokongeza izinto ezincinci ezongezelelweyo kwiindawo ezingabalulekanga ukomeleza inxalenye esekelwe kwiipateni zoxinzelelo eziqatshelweyo ukusuka komdala. Inxalenye yokugqibela iyodlula eyokuqala. Olu luhlobo lolwazi olusebenzayo, olusetyenziswayo olufumana kuphela kumashumi eminyaka kwishishini.
Ukungaphumeleli njengeNdawo yeDatha
Ufunda ngakumbi kwindawo eyaphukileyo kunaleyo isebenzayo. Ukusilela konke libali. Umphezulu owaphukileyo ukuxelela malunga necala lomthwalo, ugxininiso loxinzelelo, kunye nokuthembeka kwempahla. Ukunxitywa kwe-abrasive kakhulu kwindawo ethile kukuxelela malunga nokuhamba kwezinto okanye imiba yokulungelelanisa. Ndigcina igalari encinci yeendawo ezingaphumelelanga kwiofisi yam. Kukho i-pivot echetyiweyo eye yasifundisa malunga nokulayisha ecaleni okungachazwanga. Kukho i-volute yempompo enepateni yokhukuliseko lwakudala olwalatha kwisiphene soyilo kwijiyometri yangaphakathi yoqobo.
Xa usebenza kunye neqabane lokuvelisa, ukuzimisela kwabo kunye nokukwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kolu hlalutyo lophando luphambili. Ukuthumela inxalenye engaphumelelanga emva kwabo kunye necandelo labo le-metallurgist, lihlalutye, kwaye licebise into elungisiweyo okanye unyango lobushushu luxabiseke kakhulu. Ijika indawo esebenzayo ibe luhlaziyo olusebenzayo. Lo mjikelo uphindaphindayo, wokusombulula ingxaki yeyona nto yahlula ababoneleli-nkonzo kumahlakani obunjineli. Isusa incoko ekwenzeni lo mzobo ukusombulula le ngxaki.
Le ngqondo ibalulekile kumacandelo e-alloy akhethekileyo. Inxalenye ye-nickel esekelwe kwi-alloy engaphumeleli ekudinweni kwe-thermal ibonakala yahlukile kwenye yokusilela kwi-chloride yoxinzelelo lwe-corrosion cracking. Ukufumanisa oko kuchaza ngokuchanekileyo inyathelo elilandelayo-nokuba lutshintsho kwi-alloy composition, i-coating eguquliweyo, okanye utshintsho lokusebenza. Ngumsebenzi onzulu, we-nitty-gritty, kodwa yindlela ofikelela ngayo kwiinzuzo zokwenyani.
Ikhonkco loBonelelo nguMatshini, ngokunjalo
Ekugqibeleni, kufuneka ujonge unikezelo lwe izixhobo zemigodi njengenkqubo. Ayiloluhlu lwezinto ezithengiweyo. Ukungaguquguquki kukumkani. Udinga ukufana kwe-batch-to-batch kwiipropati eziphathekayo, imilinganiselo kunye nokusebenza. Ihabhu yevili lelori yokutsala igqibelele kwibhetshi enye ayinakwahluka kancinci kwibhetshi ezimbini; iyayichitha ishedyuli yogcino kunye nolawulo lwe-inventri.
Oku kufuna iinkqubo zomgangatho owomeleleyo kumenzi, kodwa kunye nokungafihli. Iziqinisekiso (MTRs) zisisiseko. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, udinga ngaphezulu-ukubona uvavanyo olutshabalalisayo kwisampulu yobushushu, ukuphonononga idatha ye-SPC kwiziko lomatshini. Kwiiprojekthi zexesha elide, imalunga nokwakha ubudlelwane kunye nomvelisi onozinzo kunye nobunzulu bobugcisa ukuze abe yindawo ehambelanayo kwikhonkco lakho lokubonelela. Inkampani esebenze ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30, njenge-QSY, izisa uzinzo ngokwendalo. Bakhe babona iimarike zezinto eziluhlaza ziguquguquka, utshintsho lwetekhnoloji, kunye neemfuno zabaxumi ziyavela. Loo nkumbulo yeziko luhlobo lokunciphisa umngcipheko.
Ekugqibeleni, ijikeleza ngasemva. Eyona ilungileyo izixhobo zemigodi ayizoziingceba nje zentsimbi. Ziqulathe izisombululo kwiingxaki ezithile, ezinzima. Ziyimveliso yenzululwazi yemathiriyeli echanekileyo, ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwenkqubo yokwenziwa, ukwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo, uyilo lolwazi lwasendle, kunye nesifundo esiqhubekayo sokusilela. Ubudlelwane bomthengisi yintsebenziswano yobugcisa. Injongo isoloko ifana: ukugcina umatshini usebenza, ngokuqikelelwayo nangokufanelekileyo, icandelo elinye elithembekileyo ngexesha.
