Uva 'i-Monel 400' kwaye into yokuqala ethi qatha engqondweni ngamanzi olwandle, iivalvu, i-pump shafts. Yindawo yokuya kwi-corrosion yamanzi anetyuwa, akunjalo? Yinyani leyo, kodwa kukwalapho iingqikelelo ezininzi ziqala khona. Abantu bayayichaza kuba idumile, hayi ngenxa yokuba ilungile. Ndikhe ndayibona isetyenziswa apho i-duplex stainless inokuba inexabiso eliphantsi kwaye yenziwe ngokunjalo. I-nuance yokwenyani kunye nale ingxubevange ayikho nje ukwakheka kwayo-malunga ne-67% ye-Ni, i-23% ye-Cu-kukuqonda apho indibaniselwano yayo ethile yamandla, i-weldability, kunye neempawu ze-non-magnetic okunene ihlawula amatyala, kwaye apho iyinto nje ebiza kakhulu.
Inyani yoMgangatho weFoundry
Ukuphosa iMonel 400 akufani nokugalela intsimbi yekhabhoni. Hayi kufutshane. Into yokuqala oyibonayo bubushushu—bugalelwa kwiqondo lobushushu elingaphantsi kunentsimbi, kodwa intsimbi ibonakala ‘idakumbile.’ Ayiqukuqeleli ngokungxama okufanayo. Kwiqokobhe lokungunda, esilisebenzisa kakhulu Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ukufumana oko kugcwaliswa ekunene ngaphandle kokuvalwa okubandayo okanye ukubaleka kwenkungu kufuna uhlengahlengiso lwenkqubo yokungena. Awunako nje ukukopa uyilo ukusuka 316 umsebenzi stainless. Umxholo we-nickel ophezulu we-alloy uthetha ukuba uyakuthanda ukufunxa igesi, ngoko ke umoya wokungunda kunye nokuziqhelanisa ne-deoxidation kubalulekile. Ukudlula kancinci kwaye ufumana i-porous castings enokuthi idlule imbonakalo kodwa isilele phantsi koxinzelelo.
Emva koko kukho ukutya. Ukuncipha kokuqina kubalulekile. Siye safunda kwangethuba ukuba ukusebenzisa ubungakanani obufanayo bokunyuka njengesixhobo sokuphosa intsimbi yekhabhoni yayiyindlela yokunciphisa imingxuma kumacandelo ashinyeneyo. Kwathatha ukugalela okumbalwa okungaphumeleliyo, ukusika iziqwenga ezilahliweyo ukuze ubone i-voids yangaphakathi, ukucofa imilinganiselo yesikhuphukeli sasekunene kunye nokubekwa. Ngolu hlobo lwezandla-on, phantse uvavanyo-kunye-nempazamo idatha ongayifumaniyo kwiphepha elithile. Iminyaka engama-30 nangaphezulu ekujuleni kwi-QSY ithetha ukuba sakhe ithala leencwadi lezi parameters kwiijiyometri ezahlukeneyo, ekuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa ngesandi esingaguqukiyo.
Emva kokuphosa, isikali somphezulu siqinile. Umaleko omnyama, obambeneyo we-oxide. Awunako ukuyidubula nje ngokudubula okusemgangathweni; ifuna ukugqabhuka kwegrit okurhabaxa ngakumbi okanye ngamanye amaxesha iasidi evutshiweyo ukuveza uphawu olumnyama olungwevu-mhlophe kumphezulu wesandi esiphantsi sesinyithi. Ukuphoswa kwesi sinyathelo phambi komatshini kukhokelela ekunxibeni kwesixhobo ngokukhawuleza. Yinkcukacha encinci, kodwa ukutsiba ijika umsebenzi onengeniso ibe ngumenzi welahleko.
Machining: Apho ithiyori idibana Bit Tool
Ukuba ucinga ukuba ukwenza i-machine engenasici kunzima, iMonel 400 iya kuthoba. Ayibobunzima—kukwenza nzima. Izinto eziphathekayo zibonakala zizilwela. Uthatha ukusikwa, kwaye indawo nje emva komgca wokusika iba lukhuni ngoko nangoko. Yiya kwenye ipasi enobunzulu obufanayo? Uya kusiva isixhobo sikhalaza, ukuba asishukumi ngqo.
Ubuqhetseba zizixhobo ezibukhali, iharika elungileyo, kwaye akukho ndawo yokuhlala. Kufuneka ugcine ukusikwa ngokuqhubekayo kunye nobunzulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ungene phantsi komsebenzi owenziwe lukhuni ukusuka kwipaseji yangaphambili. Siyiqhuba kade kunentsimbi, enobunzima, isondlo esilawulwayo. I-Coolant ayinakuxoxisana, kwaye kungekhona nje ukupholisa-inceda ngokuphulwa kwe-chip. Iitshiphusi ziphuma zinentambo kwaye zomelele, njengeendlwane zeentaka ezisilivere ezinokuthi zidibanise yonke into ukuba azilawulwa. Ukusebenzisa ukupholisa okunoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukophula kunye nokukhupha iitshiphusi sisenzo esiqhelekileyo kwiiseti zethu ze-CNC.
Ukugrumba kunye nokucofa ngumceli mngeni wabo okhethekileyo. I-Peck drilling ibalulekile ukucima iitshiphusi kunye nokuthintela ukubanjwa. Ukucofa, sigqithisa umngxuma ngaphezu kokucetyiswa kwetshathi eqhelekileyo kwaye sisebenzise iimpompo ezigqunyiweyo. Nalapho, ukwaphuka kwempompo akuqhelekanga kwimingxuma enzulu. Iindleko zempompo ezaphukileyo kwinxalenye yeMonel ephantse yagqitywa ibuhlungu-ngamanye amaxesha kubiza kakhulu ukukrazula inxalenye kunokuzama kwaye i-EDM ikhuphe isixhobo esaphukileyo. Ikunyanzela ukuba ucwangcise ulandelelwano ngononophelo, ubeke imisebenzi enobungozi kwangethuba.
I-Welding Paradox
I-Monel 400 ichazwa njenge-weldable ngokulula, kwaye i-metallurgically, yinyani leyo. Kodwa 'ngokukhawuleza' akuthethi 'lula.' Kuthetha ukuba unokufumana isandi esidibeneyo ngaphandle kokutshisa kwangaphambili okanye unyango lwe-post-weld, oluyinzuzo enkulu. Kodwa usathana usebuchuleni.
Umxholo wayo ophezulu wobhedu ngumdlali oyintloko apha. I-Copper ine-conductivity ephezulu ye-thermal, ngoko ukushisa okuvela kwi-arc kutshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza. Oku kunokukhokelela ekungabikho kwe-fusion ukuba awuqapheli-i-puddle ibonakala iqhwa ngokukhawuleza kunokuba ulindele. Kufuneka ugcine i-arc eqinile kwaye mhlawumbi i-amperage ephezulu kancinane kune-stainless. Kodwa uyikrazule kakhulu, kwaye wongeza umngcipheko wokuqhekeka okushushu, ngakumbi kumalungu athintelweyo.
Ukukhetha isinyithi sokugcwaliswa ngomnye umnxeba womgwebo. Rhoqo, uya kusebenzisa iMonel 400 filler (ERNiCu-7). Kodwa kumalungu ahlukeneyo, yithi kwintsimbi yekhabhoni, unokuya kwi-nickel-based filler efana ne-ENi-1 ukuhlambulula ukufuduka kwentsimbi kunye nokuthintela indawo enqabileyo. Ndikhumbula ndisebenza kumanzi olwandle amaninzi apho iMonel flange yayidityaniswe ngombhobho wentsimbi yekhabhoni. Umzamo wokuqala wasebenzisa i-Monel filler, kwaye i-HAZ kwicala lentsimbi yavelisa i-micro-cracks emva kwemijikelezo embalwa ye-thermal. Tshintshela kwi-ENi-1, ingxaki isonjululwe. Zezi nkcukacha zangaphakathi ezichaza ubugcisa obuyimpumelelo.
Emva kwe-weld, umbala we-oxide unokukuxelela kakhulu. Umququ ukuya kwitinti emdaka udla ngokulunga. Isikali esiluhlaza okanye esingwevu sithetha ukuba ubushushu kakhulu, kwaye usenokuba uye wabeka esichengeni ukuxhathisa umhlwa kuloo zowuni, kufuna ipasi elikhanyayo lokusila ukuyicoca.
Imigibe yokusetyenziswa kunye neengcamango ezingezizo
Udumo lwayo kwizicelo zaselwandle lufanelekile, kodwa ayiloqhawe elibalaseleyo. Ndiyibonile icacisiwe kwinkonzo ye-asidi yesulfuric eshushu, egxininisiweyo kuba kukho umntu obone 'ingxubevange yenickel ekwaziyo ukuginya.' Yintlekele leyo. I-Monel 400 inokunganyangeki kakuhle kwi-oxidizing acids kunye neetyuwa. Kwi-asidi ye-sulfuric, kulungile phantsi kweemeko ze-deaerated, dilute, iqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, kodwa uphonsa umoya othile okanye ubushushu, kwaye i-corrodes ngokukhawuleza. Ngale nto, ubuya kujonga iHastelloy B okanye iC.
Olunye ujongo oluqhelekileyo yi-galvanic corrosion. Bolt iMonel 400 yeflange enkulu kumbhobho wentsimbi engatyiwayo emanzini olwandle. I-Monel ihloniphekile ngakumbi. Iba yi-cathode, kwaye i-stainless, i-anode, i-corrodes ngokukhawuleza. Ufuna i-gaskets yokukhusela kunye nemikhono. Kubonakala ngathi kucacile, kodwa kungxamiseko lokufumana inkqubo 'enganyangekiyo kumhlwa', ezi nkcukacha zokwahlulwa zihlala zezokuqala ukuphuculwa kwexabiso, okukhokelela kukusilela kwangaphambi kwexesha okutyholwa ngento.
Emva koko kukho i-stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Kwiindawo ezihlala elwandle, iyaxhathisa, eyona ndawo iphambili yokuthengisa. Kodwa ukuyiveza kwimiphunga ye-hydrofluoric acid efumileyo okanye eshushu, i-alkali egxininisiweyo, kwaye i-SCC iba sisoyikiso sokwenyani. Sibonelele ngemibutho yevalvu ye-Monel 400 kumzi-mveliso wemichiza, kwaye ayiphumelelanga kwisithuba sonyaka kwindawo yokuhlamba eshushu. Umxhasi wayenomsindo, kodwa i-spec sheet ababethembele kuyo yayigxininisa kuphela impumelelo yaselwandle. I-post-mortem ibonise i-classic transgranular SCC. Ukulungiswa kwakutshintshela kwi-Nickel 200 kuloo nkonzo ethile. Ibethelele into yokuba ukhetho lwemathiriyeli alukho malunga nepropati enye; yinkqubo yeemeko zenkonzo.
Ukubonelela kunye neKhonkco loNikezelo oluSebenzayo
Ukufumana isitokhwe esithembekileyo seMonel 400, ngakumbi kwiifomu eziyinkimbinkimbi, akufani nokuodola ipleyiti ye-304. Ulawulo lwekhemistri enyibilikayo lubaluleke kakhulu. Izinto zokulandela ezifana nesalfure kunye nelothe, ezinyamezelekayo kwezinye iintsimbi, ziyintlekele apha, zibangela ubushushu obufutshane ngexesha lokusalwa okanye ukuwelda. Udinga umthengisi one-Foundry enerekhodi eqinisekisiweyo ene-nickel-copper alloys.
Kulapho iqabane lithanda khona QSY yenza umahluko. Ngokugxila kwethu kwii-alloys ezikhethekileyo, asigaleli nje nantoni na engena. Sifumana i-nickel yodidi lokuqala kunye nobhedu, kwaye inyibiliko ixhaswa yi-spectrometry kubo bonke ubushushu. Ipakethe yesatifikethi asiyonto icingelwayo; bubungqina bekhemistri evumela ukuba inxalenye ukuba yenze njengoko kucetywayo. Kumenzi wemveliso okanye i-OEM, oku kulandeleka yi-inshurensi. Unokufumana iinkcukacha zobugcisa kunye neziqinisekiso zezinto eziphathekayo kwiinkqubo zethu kwindawo yethu https://www.tsingtaocnc.com.
Amaxesha okukhokela yenye into yokwenene. Ayiyondawo yokugcina impahla yeemilo ezininzi. Kwicasing yempompo yesiko okanye umzimba omkhulu wevalvu, ujonge kumjikelo wemveliso obandakanya ukwenziwa kwepateni, ukubumba, ukugalela, unyango lobushushu (oluqhelekileyo luthomalalisa uxinzelelo), kunye neNDE ebanzi. Ukuyingxamela kwandisa umngcipheko ngokukhawuleza. Ndineeklayenti ezifuna ukuhanjiswa kweeveki ezi-4 kwindawo enzima yokuphosa isanti. Ekuphela kwendlela yokubetha loo nto kukuba nepateni egqibeleleyo kwishelufu kwaye utsibe amanyathelo afunekayo asemgangathweni, esingayi kuwenza. Ukulawula ezo zinto zilindelweyo yinxalenye yomsebenzi.
Iindleko, ngokuqinisekileyo, ngumgcini-sango wokugqibela. Usebenzisa iMonel 400 apho iindleko zayo zomjikelo wobomi zizonke zithethelela ipremiyamu. Kunqabile ukuba lolona khetho lufikelelekayo kwibhodi yokuzoba. Kodwa xa ubala iindleko zokuvala ukubuyisela indawo yentsimbi yekhabhoni ekrwada kumgca obalulekileyo wokupholisa amanzi olwandle, okanye umngcipheko wokusingqongileyo wokuvuza, izibalo ziyatshintsha. Ixabiso alikho kwixabiso leponti yealloyi; kukumashumi eminyaka yenkonzo engafanelekanga enokubonelela xa isetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo.
