Xa umntu ebuza 'ngexabiso lokuphosa lentsimbi', badla ngokujonga inombolo elula. Yimpazamo yokuqala leyo. Ixabiso ayisiyontsimbi kuphela. Yimeko ye-alloy ngaloo mini, ukuntsonkotha ongazange ukukhankanye, kunye nexesha lokukhokela uthe cwaka unethemba lokutyumza. Ndichithe iminyaka e-QSY, eQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., kwaye isifundo sokuqala sesokuba sixabiso eliphantsi. ixabiso lentsimbi ihlala iphelela ekubeni yeyona nxalenye ibiza kakhulu yeprojekthi.
Ukwaphula i-Per Kilo Illusion
Abathengi abatsha bathanda ukuthetha iindleko zekhilogram nganye. Ngomgangatho wentsimbi engwevu, mhlawumbi ufumana isiseko. Kodwa utshintshele kwi-alloy esekelwe kwi-nickel kwi-high-temperature valve component? Umdlalo utshintsha ngokupheleleyo. Ukuguquguquka kweendleko zemathiriyeli ekrwada kuyaphambana. Ndikhumbula ekuqaleni kuka-2021, ikowuti esinike yona yebhetshi yentsimbi engatyiwayo engama-316L yaphelelwa lixesha kwiiveki ezintathu kuba ixabiso lendawo yenickel liye latsiba. Kwafuneka sibuyele kumthengi, umnqwazi esandleni. Ayilophawu lwe-LME kuphela; yiprimiyamu yebakala elithile, uhlobo lwe-ingot, kunye nesitokhwe somthengisi. Awuthengi isinyithi sempahla; uthenga imichiza echanekileyo edibana ne-ASTM spec.
Emva koko kukho isivuno. Apha kulapho ukungunda kweqokobhe kunye nokubunjwa kotyalo-mali kubonisa amazinyo abo. Ungathenga i-100 kg yealloyi, kodwa ukuba inxalenye yejiyometri iphupha elibi elineendonga ezibhityileyo kunye neeflange ezinkulu, isivuno sakho sinokuhla siye kutsho kuma-50% okanye ngaphantsi. Yonke loo sprue, imbaleki, kunye nesinyithi esilahlwayo siyanyibilika kuwe ixabiso lentsimbi. Senze oomatshini bezindlu zoomatshini abanzima kanye apho isivuno sasisezantsi kakhulu saphantse saphinda sawucaphula wonke umsebenzi phakathi kwemveliso. Ixabiso ngekhilo nganye lalingathethi nto. Eyona ndleko yayiyeyentsimbi eyayibuyela ezikweni.
Ke into yokuqala esiyenzayo kwi-QSY ayikuko ukunika ixabiso. Kukufumana umzobo kunye nokwenza uphononongo lokwenyani. Ngaba singayiphosa le nto ibe sisiqwenga esinye? Ngaba kufuneka sitshintshe i-engile yokuyila ukunciphisa umatshini kamva? I-tweak yoyilo oluncinci ngamanye amaxesha inokuphinda kabini isivuno. Olona thethathethwano ngexabiso lokwenyani, hayi ukurhwebesha ngaphezulu komgangatho wesiseko.
Iziphindaphindi ezifihlakeleyo: Inkqubo kunye nokuchaneka
I-shell mold casting against investment casting-ixabiso lomqhubi apha yijometri kunye nokugqiba komphezulu. Ukuphoswa kotyalo-mali, ubucwebe obuntsonkothileyo okanye iiblades ze-aerospace, inesakhiwo seendleko esahluke ngokupheleleyo. Iipateni ze-wax, iqokobhe le-ceramic, i-dewaxing elawulwayo kunye ne-sintering cycles ... bubugcisa. I ixabiso lentsimbi iba liqhezu elincinci. Ndibone iiprojekthi apho iindleko zenkqubo zazingama-70% ewonke. Abathengi abalungisiweyo kwintlawulo eyongezelelweyo yealloyi bayayiphosa le nto ngokupheleleyo.
Iimfuno zokugqiba umphezulu ngomnye umbulali othuleyo. Ra 3.2 vs. Ra 1.6? Oko kusenokuthetha umjikelo owongezelelweyo wokusila ngokuchanekileyo okanye ukupolisha ngesandla. Ukuba ufuna i-as-cast surface elungele ukugquma, inkqubo yokubumba kufuneka ingabinasiphako. Nakuphi na ukudityaniswa kwesanti okanye umngxuma womphezulu uthetha inkunkuma. Oku sikufunde kabuhlungu kwi-odolo yangethuba yee-impellers zempompo. Ixabiso lalisekelwe ekugqityweni kokungunda kweqokobhe eliqhelekileyo, kodwa umxhasi wayedinga umphezulu ococekileyo wehydraulic. Sitye iindleko zokudubula okongeziweyo kunye nokuhlolwa. Ngoku, yinto yomgca kwisicatshulwa.
Nokunyamezelana. Ukunyamezela ukuphosa okusemgangathweni yintsomi kwiindawo eziphezulu zokusebenza. Ukubamba +/-0.5mm kwisakhelo sentsimbi ye-ductile eyi-500mm yinto enye. Ukubamba +/-0.1mm kwisihlalo se-cobalt ye-100mm yenye iplanethi. Iyalela indlela yokwenza umngundo, iprotocol yokuhlola (ngaba sisebenzisa iCMM?), kunye nezinga le-scrap. Ukuqinisa unyamezelo ngomlinganiselo wesibini kunokuphinda kathathu iindleko, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni na ixabiso lentsimbi.
ISinkhole yeMachining
Kulapho iinkampani ezinjengezethu, ezinomatshini odibeneyo we-CNC, jonga umfanekiso uphela. Inxalenye ephoswe kakuhle ingonakaliswa lucwangciso olubi lomatshini. Ucaphula ukuphosa ngexabiso eliphantsi ukuze uphumelele umsebenzi, emva koko iindleko zemishini ziyaqhuma ngenxa yokuba ukuphosa akuzange kuyilelwe ukwenziwa. Sinyanzelisa uphononongo lwe-DFM. Umzekelo, ukungongezi iipads ezingoomatshini zokubambelela kunokusinyanzela ukuba sakhe isiko elibiza kakhulu.
Ubulukhuni bezinto eziphathekayo emva kokuphosa kuchaphazela iindleko zomatshini kakhulu. I-precipitation-hardening steel stainless steel efana ne-17-4PH inokuphoswa, emva koko iphathwe ubushushu ukuya kwimeko ye-H900. Ukuzama umatshini oyiphupha elibi lokunxiba isixhobo. Ixesha lobuchwephesha, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kuzo zonke isibhakabhaka. Eli xabiso lokugqibela umxhasi wayefuna ekuqaleni? Ihambile. Okwenyani ixabiso ikwixabiso lilonke loguqulo ukusuka kwintsimbi engamanzi ukuya kwinxalenye egqityiweyo, epakishweyo elungele ukudityaniswa.
Sasinecala elinomzimba okhethekileyo wevalvu yesango. Ukuphosa kwakuvakala, kodwa ngexesha lomatshini olukhuni, sabetha i-micro-shrinkage cavity. Akwanelanga ukungaphumeleli kwi-spec yovavanyo loxinzelelo, kodwa ngokwaneleyo ukuba ube nexhala malunga nokudinwa kwexesha elide. Ngaba siyayichitha? Lungisa i-weld it (esisiqinisekiso senkqubo entsha ngokupheleleyo yaloo ngxubevange)? Iindleko zeso sigqibo—ekuhambeni kwexesha, ngezinto eziphathekayo, nangomsebenzi wobunjineli—azizange zibekho ekuqaleni ixabiso lentsimbi ingxoxo. Lixabiso lamava kunye nengqibelelo.
Umthamo kunye noMdlalo omde
I-one-off yintlungu. Iindleko zokuseta umngundo, uyilo lwenkqubo yokugawula, uhlolo lwenqaku lokuqala-lihlawulelwe ngaphezulu kweqhekeza elinye. I ixabiso isiqwenga ngasinye kwiiyunithi ezilishumi sinokuba sisiqingatha salo kwiyunithi enye. Kwimveliso yexesha elide, sinokwandisa ishedyuli yokunyibilika, ibhetshi yonyango lobushushu, kwaye simise imigca yomatshini ezinikeleyo. Uqoqosho lwesikali luyinyani, kodwa lukhaba kuphela emva komda othile. Ndihlala ndixelela abathengi: ukuba lo ngumzekelo, ixabiso limalunga nokuqinisekisa inkqubo. Ukuba yeyemveliso, makhe sithethe ngendlela yokuyila ukungunda ukuze kusetyenziswe i-multi-cavity ukuthoba ixabiso leyunithi.
Ixabiso lezixhobo lisilo esahlukileyo. Ukubumba iqokobhe, ipateni yentsimbi ixabisa amawaka. Ukuphosa utyalo-mali, i-master die kunye ne-wax yokubumba i-wax ixabisa ngakumbi. Olu lutyalo-mali lwenkunzi. Abanye abaxumi bafuna ukuba ngabanini besixhobo; abanye bafuna siyibambe kwaye sihlawule ixabiso eliphantsi leqhekeza. Akukho mpendulo ichanekileyo, kuphela oko kufunwa lubudlelwane kunye nobomi obude beprojekthi. Ukusasaza iindleko zesixhobo kumthamo wobomi obuqikelelweyo kuphela kwendlela enengqondo yokucinga ngeyokugqibela ixabiso lentsimbi inxalenye nganye.
Ixesha elikhokelayo kukuphindaphinda iindleko wonke umntu akayihoyi ade abekwixhala. Ndiyifuna kwiiveki ezi-4 kuthetha ukuba iintlawulo zeprimiyamu zomthwalo wempahla ekrwada, ixesha elongezelelekileyo leqela le-Foundry crew, kunye nemirhumo ekhawulezileyo yovavanyo lwaselabhu kunye nesiqinisekiso. Ixesha lokukhokela lokwenyani livumela imveliso ecwangcisiweyo, imithwalo efanelekileyo yeziko, kunye nokujonga umgangatho ozolileyo. Ukungxama kuhlala kusongeza iindleko, ezihlala zifihliwe ngohlobo lomngcipheko ophezulu kunye nokubaleka okunokubakho komgangatho.
IQuote yokwenyani: Iindleko zizonke zobunini
Ke emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu kule, e-QSY, siyekile ukunika ngokukhawuleza ixabiso lentsimbi iimpendulo. Sinika uvavanyo lweprojekthi. Iquka isinyithi (kunye negatya lohlengahlengiso lwezinto eziluhlaza kwii-odolo kwiintsuku ze-90), iindleko zenkqubo (igobolondo okanye utyalo-mali), uqikelelo lwesivuno, i-machining roadmap, unyango lobushushu, uvavanyo (PT, UT, RT), kunye nesiqinisekiso (sibonelela nge-MTC kwaye sinokwenza umntu wesithathu njenge-ABS okanye i-DNV). Ixabiso sisimbuku sayo yonke loo ntembelo.
Ukusilela ngutitshala. Sakhe sacaphula ibhetshi yemizimba emikhulu yevalvu kwintsimbi ephindwe kabini. Sicingele izinga elithile lokucutheka ngokusekwe kwii-alloys ezifanayo. Besingalunganga. I-castings igqwethekile ngokwaneleyo ukuze ifune umatshini omkhulu wokulungisa, kucinywe umda. Ngoku, kwii-alloys ezintsha, siqhuba uvavanyo oluncinci lokuqala. Elo xabiso lovavanyo likwisicatshulwa sokuqala. Asiyonto eyongezelelweyo; lixabiso lokuyilungisa.
Ekugqibeleni, eyona iphantsi ixabiso yeyona inikezela ngelungu elilingana, elisebenza, nelihlala kumjikelo wobomi ekujoliswe kuwo. Ayikokufumana elona nani liphantsi kwi-spreadsheet. Kumalunga nentsebenziswano kunye ne-Foundry eqondayo ukuba isinyithi sisiqalo nje. Ixabiso lokwenyani kukuguqula loo ntsimbi ibe yinto ethembekileyo, kunye nazo zonke iindleko ezifihliweyo ezichazwe kwaye zilawulwa. Lilo kuphela ixabiso elibalulekileyo.
