Xa usiva i-N08825, okanye i-Alloy 825, ingcamango ekhawulezileyo ihlala 'i-corrosion-resistant nickel-iron-chromium alloy'. Yincwadi yokufunda leyo. Kodwa kwilizwe lesiseko kunye noomatshini, loo leyibhile ayirhawuzeki tu kumphezulu. Ibali lokwenyani alikho nje kwi-spec sheet; kukugalela, ukusika, ukunyanga ubushushu, kunye nezigqibo ezincinci ezingenakubalwa ezahlula icandelo eliyimpumelelo kwimfumba yenkunkuma enexabiso eliphezulu. Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi kakhulu zikhubeka ngokuyiphatha njengenye nje engenabala. Ayiyo.
INyaniso yoMgangatho weFoundry ene825
Ukuphosa i-N08825 kulapho ithiyori idibana nomlilo, ngokoqobo. Umxholo we-nickel ophezulu unika ukuxhathisa okumangalisayo ekunciphiseni i-acids kunye noxinzelelo lwe-corrosion cracking, kodwa iphinda iyenze isilwanyana seqokobhe okanye ukuphosa utyalo-mali. Ipateni yokuqinisa i... finicky. Awunakusebenzisa i-gating efanayo kunye nenkqubo yokunyuka onokuthi uyisebenzise kwi-316 inxalenye engenanto kunye nethemba lokungcono. I-shrinkage yahlukile, i-fluidity ivakalelwa ngokwahlukileyo. Kwangoko, sasinebhetshi yeminye imizimba yevalvu ehlala ibonisa i-micro-porosity kumacandelo ashinyeneyo. I-chemistry yayigqibelele ngokwe-cert, kodwa isakhiwo sasingavakali.
Umba ulandelelwe umva kwiqondo lobushushu lokugalela kunye nokungunda kwangaphambili. Besiyiqhuba ipholile kakhulu, sizama ukunciphisa ilahleko yesinyithi kunye ne-oxidation, kodwa nge-825, ebamba nje iigesi kwaye idala imiba yokuncipha. Udinga ubushushu obuphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze buqhubeke buhamba buncinci, kodwa bungekho phezulu kakhulu utshisa izinto ze-alloying okanye uhlasele iqokobhe leceramic ngamandla. Yifestile emxinwa. Iqabane elinje Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), kunye namashumi amathathu eminyaka kwiqokobhe kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali, ufumana oku. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba babone umdaniso ofanayo. Amava abo kwii-alloys ezikhethekileyo athetha ukuba mhlawumbi baye baseka iiprothokholi zegophe lokugalela kunye ne-mold prep ethe ngqo kula mabanga asekwe nickel, esisiqingatha sedabi eliphumeleleyo.
Unyango lobushushu be-post-cast alunakuxoxisana. I-As-cast 825 ine-carbides kunye ne-intermetallics ezonakalise iimpawu zayo zokubola. Uyasidinga eso sisombululo sifakwe malunga no-°F silandelwa kukucinywa ngokukhawuleza ukubuyisela yonke into kwisisombululo esiqinileyo. Yitsibe okanye ungcolise izinga lokucima, kwaye inxalenye inokudlula isheke enobukhulu kodwa iya kusilela ebaleni, kwimeko-bume etyebileyo yekloridi ngokomzekelo. Linyathelo elibalulekileyo elongeza iindleko kunye nexesha, kwaye awukwazi ukunqumla iikona.
Machining: Apho isixhobo siya kufa (ukuba awukhathali)
Ukuba ukuyiphosa kuyakhohlisa, ukwenza i-N08825 kulapho ufumana khona imivimbo yakho. Ukuyibiza ngokuthi 'gummy' yinto engaphantsi. Ayitshiphu; yenza ezi zinde, zineentambo, i-swarf eyomeleleyo enokuthi ijikeleze yonke into kwaye yenze umonakalo. Izinga lokuqina komsebenzi liyamangalisa. Ufakelo olubuthuntu kancinane okanye ukusika ukukhanya okugqithisileyo kuya kukhazimla nje umphezulu, ukuwenza lukhuni kwaye kwenze ukudlula okulandelayo kube nzima nangakumbi, okukhokelela kukusilela kwesixhobo esikhawulezayo kunye nomonakalo onokwenzeka ongaphantsi komhlaba kwindawo.
Safunda kabuhlungu ngomsebenzi wempompo yempompo. Usebenzisa amabakala e-carbide asemgangathweni kwi-stainless? Intlekele. Ubomi besixhobo bulinganiswa ngemizuzu, hayi iiyure. Umgangatho ongaphezulu wawumbi, kwaye sasihlala sisilwa nokunyamezela ngenxa yobushushu noxinzelelo. Ukuphumelela kwavela ekutshintsheni kumabanga anikezelweyo-i-carbides eqinile, ebukhali ebukhali kunye neengubo ezikhethekileyo, kunye nabaphethe izixhobo eziqinileyo ezinokugqithisa okuncinci. Isipholisi asenzelwa ukupholisa nje apha; yeyokuthambisa nokophula loo tshiphu. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu, isixhobo sokupholisa ngesixhobo siphantse sibe sinyanzeliso kuwo nawuphi na umthamo omkhulu.
Apha kulapho indibaniselwano yevenkile enenkonzo epheleleyo ibalulekile. Inkampani ephethe zombini ukuphosa kunye ne CNC Machining ngaphakathi, njengeenkonzo ezichazwe apha https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, inenzuzo eyahlukileyo. Oomatshini apho ababoni ibhilethi ekrwada, efakwe emanzini; bajongana nezabo izinto ezityhidiweyo. Bayayazi imeko yolusu oluphosiweyo, ukwahluka kobunzima obunokwenzeka, kwaye banokuhlengahlengisa isicwangciso sabo somatshini ukusuka kwipasi yokuqala erhabaxa. Olu lwazi luvaliweyo luthintela uqikelelo oluninzi kunye nokubulawa kwabantu ngezixhobo okwenzekayo xa ivenkile yomatshini ifumana 'ibhokisi emnyama' ephoswa kumthombo ongaziwayo.
I-Alloy Selection Trap: Xa i-825 ingeyiyo impendulo
Nantsi i-pitfall eqhelekileyo: ichaza i-N08825 ngenxa yokuba i-alloy eyaziwayo 'i-corrosion-resistant alloy' kuluhlu, ngaphandle kokuhlalutya ngokupheleleyo okusingqongileyo. Igqwesileyo kwimo engqongileyo yesulfuric kunye nephosphoric acid, ilungele amanzi olwandle. Kodwa ukuba ujongene neekloridi ezishushu, ezigxininisiweyo okanye imixube yeasidi ene-oxidizing, kunokubakho iindlela ezingcono ezifana ne-high-molybdenum alloys okanye ne-titanium. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yokucoca imichiza apho umxhasi wagxininisa kwi-825 ngokusekelwe kwi-spec endala. Uphononongo lolona luhlu lwenkqubo, olunezikhondo ze-ferric kunye ne-cupric chlorides, lubonise ukuba sasidlala ngothando ngokutyalwa kwemingxuma. Kuye kwafuneka sibuyisele umva kwaye sicebise enye indlela.
Yiloo nto ubuchule bezinto eziphathekayo bungundoqo. Umthengisi odwelisa amava kunye noluhlu lwe ialloys esekwe nickel kwaye ialloys esekwe cobalt ayibonisi nje imenyu. Kuthetha ukuba bona (okanye i-metallurgists yabo) mhlawumbi bebekhe babandakanyeka kwezi ngxoxo ngaphambili. Banokujonga ukuprinta kwaye babuze imibuzo efanelekileyo malunga nobushushu, i-pH, i-ion ezingcolileyo, kunye namanqanaba oxinzelelo. Loo ndlela yokubonisana isindisa wonke umntu ekungaphumelelini kwebala ezantsi emgceni.
Ikwachaphazela ukwenziwa kwezinto. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-tweak encinci kuyilo-irediyasi enesisa ngakumbi, utshintsho kwinguqu yobunzima bodonga-inokwenza ukuphosa kunye nokwenza i-825 kube lula kakhulu ngaphandle kokuphazamisa umsebenzi. Ivenkile eyenza iinxalenye kuphela zokuprinta ayisayi kukunika loo nto. Enye injineli inkqubo yokuvelisa ukusuka kwimathiriyeli ukuya phezulu.
I-Welding kunye neFabrication: Indawo efihlakeleyo yoxinzelelo
Izixhobo azifane ziphoswe kwaye zenziwe ngoomatshini. Zihlala zifuna ukudityaniswa kwezinye iziqwenga, okanye zibe nemilomo edityanisiweyo. I-N08825 ithathwa njenge-weldable, kwaye kunjalo, kodwa 'i-weldable' ayithethi 'ukuxolela'. Udinga isinyithi esihambelanayo sokuzalisa (njenge-INCO-Weld 825 okanye efanayo), kunye nolawulo olungqongqo kwiqondo lobushushu kunye negalelo lobushushu. Ubushushu obuninzi kakhulu, kwaye unganyusa ezo carbides kwindawo echatshazelwe bubushushu (HAZ), udala ibhanti emxinwa yemathiriyeli ephulukene nokumelana nomhlwa kwaye ibe brittle.
Senze itanki enkulu yamatye kanye, kwaye emva kokuhlolwa kwamanzi, kwavela iintanda ezintle kwi-HAZ kufutshane nemithungo emininzi. I-Post-mortem ibonise ukuba yayiyindibaniselwano yekhemistri yentsimbi yokuzalisa kancinane kwaye ivumela i-interpass tem inyuke. Intsimbi ye-weld ngokwayo yayilungile, kodwa indawo esecaleni kwayo yayisengozini. Kukungaphumeleli okufihlakeleyo okungabonakali de kube phantsi koxinzelelo okanye kwinkonzo. Ngoku, umgaqo luqeqesho olugcweleyo lwenkqubo kwaye, kumacandelo abalulekileyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba unyango lobushushu lwasemva kwe-weld luphinde lusombulule i-HAZ, nangona loo nto ihlala ingenzeki kulwakhiwo olukhulu.
Le yenye impikiswano yemveliso edibeneyo. Ukuba umthengisi ofanayo owenza i-casting kunye ne-machining ikwaphatha imveliso, ingabanini bayo yonke imbali ye-thermal yecandelo. Bayazi kakuhle ukuba yeyiphi imeko yezinto eziphathekayo ngaphambi kokuba i-welder ichukumise, into enkulu eguquguqukayo esuswe kwi-equation.
Ukuqinisekiswa koMgangatho: Thembela, kodwa qinisekisa ngokuNgapheliyo
Nge-alloy efana nale, amaphepha (i-Certs of Conformity) ngumgca wokuqala, kungekhona umgca wokugqibela. I-melt cert ikuxelela ukuba i-chemistry yayilungile kwi-ladle. Ayikuxeleli malunga nokuthembeka komdlalo wokugqibela okanye iziphumo zobuchwephesha. I-Positive Material Identification (PMI) ekufumaneni, kwaye kwakhona kwinqanaba eligqityiweyo, yi-inshurensi ephantsi. Ndikhe ndayibona ingxubevange apho ibakala elijongeka njengestainless lisetyenziswe ngempazamo.
Kwiindawo zenkonzo ebalulekileyo, ngakumbi kwi-corrosion, uhlala ufuna ngaphezulu. Oku kunokubandakanya uvavanyo lwe-intergranular corrosion nganye ye-ASTM G28 Indlela A ye-HAZ ye-welds, okanye ukujonga umxholo we-ferrite. Ukungena kwedayi okanye uvavanyo lweradiyographic for castings luphantse lunikezelwe. Iindleko zolu vavanyo kufuneka zibhakwe kwasekuqaleni; ayizo 'zongezelelweyo'. Umthengisi oqhele ukusebenza nezi ialloys ezikhethekileyo ziya kuba nezi protocols zovavanyo kuhambo lwazo olusemgangathweni kwaye aziyi kuphazamisana nazo. Yabo iwebhusayithi ikhankanya imathiriyeli efana nezi, nto leyo ethetha ukuba inkqubo esemgangathweni eyakhelweyo ukuyiphatha.
Isidlo sokugqibela? I-N08825 yimathiriyeli emangalisayo xa isetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo. Kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kuqhagamshelwe ngokungenakuphikiswa kubuchwephesha obusetyenzisiweyo kwinyathelo ngalinye-ukusuka kwisithando somlilo sesiseko ukuya kwisitampu sokugqibela seQC. Ivuza ubungcali kwaye yohlwaya iindlela ezimfutshane. Nguwo lowo umahluko wokwenyani phakathi kwenxalenye esandula ukwenziwa ngeAlloy 825 kunye nenye eyenza ngokwenyani iAlloy 825 kufanele.
