Ukuba ubuza abantu abaninzi, kunye neenjineli ezisandul 'ukuphuma esikolweni, yintoni umbhobho, baya kuchaza ityhubhu elula. Umngxuma okhawulezisa ulwelo. Leyo yeyona mbono iphosakeleyo. Kwihlabathi lethu-ukuphosa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nomatshini-i-nozzle yinto esebenzayo. Kulapho amandla enkqubo aguqulelwa kwisenzo esilawulwayo: ukutshiza, ukupholisa, ukusika, ukutofa. Fumana i-contour yayo yangaphakathi, ukugqiba komphezulu, okanye imathiriyeli engalunganga ngeemicrons ezimbalwa, kwaye yonke inkqubo yakho esebenzayo inokwehla ngeepesenti ezinamadijithi amabini. Ndiyibonile isenzeka rhoqo, apho iprojekthi ingakhubeki kwi-actuator ephambili okanye impompo, kodwa kweli candelo libonakala lincinci.
UMtyholi kwiJometri: Ngakumbi kuneProfayile nje
Thatha umlomo wesitofu se-fuel injini ye-diesel. Imodeli ye-CAD ikhangeleka ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa owona mngeni kukutshintsha ukusuka kwi-sac ukuya kwi-orifices. Ayingomphetho obukhali lowo; ifuna ukujikwa okuthe ngqo kwe-hydrodynamic, ephunyezwe ngokuchaneka kwe-abrasive flow machining. Sakhe sasebenza kwibhetshi yomxhasi, sisenza amatshijolo kwintsimbi engenanto yangaphambili. Ushicilelo lubize ukugqitywa komphezulu we-Ra 0.2μm. Siyibethe kwi-CMM, kodwa ibhentshi yokuhlola ukuhamba ibonise iipateni zokutshiza ezingahambelaniyo. Ingxaki? Ngoxa i-Ra yayilungile, sasingayihoyi umlomo ukuhambelana kwe-engile yokukhokela. Iiyantlukwano ezincinci ukusuka kwi-orifice ukuya kwenye, mhlawumbi i-0.5 degrees off, ibangele ukuba i-fuel ibe yishiti kunokuba i-atomize. I-CMM ayikwazanga ukubamba obo buchule-ithathe ukusetwa komfanisi ozinikeleyo kunye novavanyo oluninzi kwibhentshi.
Kulapho iminyaka engama-30 yemvelaphi kwindawo efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY) uyadlala. Uphuhlisa imvakalelo yokuba yeyiphi na unyamezelo yobuhle kumzobo kwaye esebenza ngokwenene. Kuba umlomo umsebenzi, ngokukodwa kwi-investment casting, i-as-cast surface ye-passage yangaphakathi ibalulekile. Ngaba uyayigqiba nge-CNC ekruqulayo, okanye i-EDM, okanye i-honing? Ukhetho luxhomekeke kwindlela yokuziphatha kwe-alloy. Ngama-alloys asekelwe kwi-nickel, esisiphatha rhoqo, asebenza nzima njenge-crazy. Isixhobo esiqhelekileyo se-carbide sinokuhlala kumacandelo amabini ngaphambi kokuba i-tip ihlazeke, echaphazela ukuhambelana kobubanzi. Sihlala sitshintshela kwinkqubo ecothayo, elawulwa ngakumbi ye-EDM yokulinganisa kokugqibela ukuphepha ukunyanzeliswa koxinzelelo kunye nokuguqula iipropathi zezinto ezibonakalayo kwinqanaba eliphezulu.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo ngomnye umngxuma womvundla. Ukungagqibeki kukholisa ukuba ngama-316 angenabala. Kodwa kwizicelo zobushushu obuphezulu njengakwi-injini yokutsha yegesi, leyo yindlela yokhukuliseko olukhawulezayo. Siye safudukela kwi-cobalt-based alloys njenge-Stellite 6 kwiindawo ezinjalo. Ukubanjwa? Ukuyilungisa. Uburhalarhume bayo kunye nokuqina kwayo kuthetha ukunxitywa kwesixhobo kuyaphawuleka. Awunako ukuqhuba inkqubo ye-CNC eqhelekileyo; kufuneka uhlengahlengise ukutya, isantya, kwaye usebenzise izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokugquma. Ngamanye amaxesha, kuqoqosho oluthe kratya ukufumana imilo ngokusondeleyo kangangoko ngokuphosa utyalo-mali kwindawo yabo-inkqubo yokubumba iqokobhe labo ifanelekile kwiijometri zangaphakathi ezintsonkothileyo-kwaye emva koko ngomatshini wobuso obutywiniweyo obubalulekileyo kunye ne-orifice ngokwayo.
Ukusuka kuShicilelo ukuya kwiNxalenye: Iinuances zoMatshini
CNC Machining a umlomo ayifani nokugalela isibiyeli. Okuphambili kukugxila kunye nokunyaniseka kweempawu zangaphakathi. Sakha safumana umsebenzi wesethi yemilomo yokutshiza esetyenziselwa ukukhuhla ngemichiza. Izinto eziphathekayo yayiyintsimbi ephindwe kabini. Ingxaki yavela ngexesha lokugrumba umngxuma onzulu wejelo lokungena. Nokuba kukho into epholileyo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukukhutshwa kwetshiphu bekungalunganga, okukhokelela ekufumaneni amanqaku eludongeni. Elo nqaku lidale amanqaku esiphithiphithi athi kamva abangele i-cavitation kunye nokusilela kwangaphambi kwexesha ebaleni. Isisombululo yayingengomatshini wokwenza izinto, kodwa ijiyometri yokubhola eyahlukileyo kunye nomjikelo wokukroba obonakala ungasebenzi kakuhle ephepheni kodwa wagcina ibhetshi yonke kwi-scrap.
Ukulungiswa yi-80% yedabi. Uwubamba njani umlomo wombhobho omncinci, ohlala umile ngendlela engaqhelekanga ngaphandle kokuwugqwetha? Kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezichanekileyo, kwanee-Newtons ezimbalwa zamandla okubamba zinokuphuma inxalenye. Siye safudukela kwimihlathi ethambileyo yeceramic yesiko kunye nenkqubo yokukhangela imephu yedatha ngaphambi kokusikwa kokugqibela. Yongeza ixesha, kodwa kuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba i-orifice i-perpendicular ngokwenene kubuso besihlalo. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi eneenkcukacha kwi-portal yabo tsngtaocnc.com, apho babonise ukusekwa kwe-multi-axis ukwenzela ukuba ii-atomizers zamafutha. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yokuthatha yayingengomatshini ngokwawo, kodwa lulandelelwano lwemisebenzi: ukurhabaxa umphandle, emva koko kuthomalalise icandelo loxinzelelo, emva koko ugqibezele iikhonto zangaphakathi, kwaye ekugqibeleni usike imisonto yangaphandle. Olo ncedo luphakathi loxinzelelo linyathelo iivenkile ezininzi ezitsibayo ukonga iindleko, kodwa lubalulekile kuzinzo.
UDeburring ngumbulali othuleyo. Emva kokubhola okanye i-EDMing i-orifice, ufumana i-microscopic burr kwicala lokuphuma. Ukuba ayisuswanga-kwaye ndithetha ukuba isuswe ngokupheleleyo-iyayeka ukusebenza, ibe yiFOD (Umonakalo Wezinto Zangaphandle). I-Abrasive flow machining (AFM) igqwesile kule nto, kodwa ifuna ukulungiswa kakuhle kwe-viscosity yemidiya kunye noxinzelelo kubungakanani bombhobho ngamnye. Kwiindawo ezincinci eziphantsi kwe-0.3mm, imidiya ye-AFM inokuvala. Siye sabhenela ekusebenziseni i-electrochemical deburring kwezo, engomnye umngeni wolawulo lwenkqubo. Zezi nkcukacha zincinci, ezingathandekiyo ezahlula inxalenye esebenzayo kwenye ehlala ihleli.
Iindlela zokungaphumeleli kunye nento abakufundisa yona
Awona maxesha afundisayo avela kukungaphumeleli. Ekuqaleni kwexesha lam, savelisa imilomo yobhedu yokusika ijethi yamanzi. Umxhasi uxele ukuguga okukhawulezayo, ukwandisa i-orifice idayamitha kwiiyure ezingama-50. Sijongile umatshini wethu: konke ukucaciswa. Uhlalutyo lokungaphumeleli lubonise ukhukuliseko-ukonakala. Ubhedu olusulungekileyo lwaluthambe kakhulu. Satshintshela kwi-beryllium copper alloy kwaye songeza unyango olunzima lokugqibela. Ubomi bokunxiba bunyuke ngokuphindwe kalishumi. Sifunda ntoni? Izinto ezikumzobo ziyindawo yokuqala. Ukuqonda imeko yenkonzo yokwenene-ulwelo, uxinzelelo, ungcoliseko, ukuphindaphinda komjikelo-kunyanzelekile. Oku kuhambelana nendlela ye-QSY yokunikezela ngoluhlu ukusuka kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo ukuya kwii-alloys ezikhethekileyo; udinga obo bubanzi ukuze utshatise imathiriyeli nowona msebenzi, hayi nje i-spec yokuqala.
Olunye ukusilela kweklasi kukudinwa kwe-thermal. Ibonwa kwimilomo yokubumba inaliti. Baqhutywa ngebhayisekile ukusuka kubushushu begumbi ukuya kuma-300°C rhoqo. Isixhobo esenziwe lukhuni sentsimbi sinokuba nokumelana okukhulu nokuguga kodwa ukuxhathisa ukothuka kwe-thermal. Safudukela ekusebenziseni intsimbi ye-H13, lukhuni kwaye sinomsindo, kodwa sigxininise ekufezekiseni i-microstructure efanayo kakhulu ngokuphathwa kobushushu obulawulwayo. Nangona kunjalo, uyilo lwe-heater band groove ibalulekile-iikona ezibukhali ziba ziindawo zokuqalisa ukuqhekeka. Ngamanye amaxesha, kuya kufuneka uxoxisane nomyili ukuze uvumele iradiyasi enkulu yefillet, uncama ukusebenza kakuhle kokufudumeza ukuze ufumane inzuzo enkulu kubomi benkonzo.
I-Corrosion ayibonakali, ngakumbi kwiintsimbi ezingenasici. I-Passivation ifanele ukuyikhusela, kodwa ukuba inkqubo yomatshini okanye i-welding ingenisa amasuntswana entsimbi edibeneyo okanye idala iindawo ezitshisayo, udala iiseli ze-galvanic zendawo. Ndibone i-304 eyenziwe ngoomatshini entle umlomo kuba umgca wokulungisa ukutya uyasilela ngenxa yokubola komngxuma kuba ivenkile isebenzise ibrashi yocingo yentsimbi ukucoca. Ngoku, sinyanzelisa ukucalulwa kwezixhobo ezingqongqo kunye ne-post-process passivation kwi-nitric acid kuzo zonke iindawo ezingenasici, akukho ngaphandle. Linyathelo elingaxoxiswanayo, njengeeprothokholi zomgangatho onokuthi uzilindele kwingcali ekudala ikho.
Isiseko sokuCasa: Ukufumana iMilo eLungelo kuqala
Kwimilomo entsonkothileyo eneetshaneli zokupholisa zangaphakathi okanye uyilo lwezibuko ezininzi, ukwenziwa komatshini ukusuka kwisitokhwe sebha eqinileyo kuyinkcitho kwaye ngamanye amaxesha akunakwenzeka. Kulapho utyalo-mali lukhanya khona. Ukukwazi ukwenza isicatshulwa esisisiseko sangaphakathi njengesiseko se-ceramic ngaphakathi kwi-shell mold yi-game-changer. Kwi-QSY, ngokugxila kwabo kwiqokobhe kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali, oku kubuchule obuphambili. Iqhinga ngundoqo. Ukubunjwa kwayo, i-coefficient yokwandisa i-thermal ngokubhekiselele kwintsimbi egalelwayo, kunye nendlela ecocekileyo ekhutshwa ngayo emva koko.
Sasineprojekthi ye-turbine nozzle guide vane (uhlobo lombhobho, ngokwenene) kwi-Inconel 718. Iipaseji zokupholisa zangaphakathi yayiyinyoka. Umatshini? Akukho thuba. Kwakufuneka iphoswe. Umceli mngeni ibikukutshintsha okungundoqo ngexesha lokugalelwa. Nokuba ukungahambi kakuhle okuncinci kuya kwenza ezinye iindonga zokupholisa zibe zincinci kakhulu, ezikhokelela ekutshiseni ekuvavanyeni. Isisombululo siquka i-ankile engundoqo ephucukileyo phakathi kwe-wax edityanisiweyo kunye nokulinganisa ukuqinisa ukubeka iindawo ezibandayo ngobuchule. Ngumxube wobugcisa besikolo esidala kunye nesoftware yokulinganisa yale mihla. I-takeaway kukuba kwezona zicelo zifunwa kakhulu ze-nozzle, inkqubo yokuvelisa ayiqalisi kumatshini we-CNC, kodwa kwivenkile yepateni ye-Foundry.
Ukugqitywa komphezulu ukusuka ekujuleni yenye into eqwalaselwayo. Umphezulu we-as-cast ngaphakathi kwipaseji unoburhabaxa obuthile obunokuba luncedo ekugqithiseni ubushushu kwizicelo zokupholisa kodwa kube yingozi ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwezitofu zamafutha. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukhankanya i-cast-to-size yangaphakathi kwaye umatshini kuphela ii-orifices ezibalulekileyo. Oku kufuna ulawulo olumangalisayo kwinkqubo yokuphosa ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho ongundoqo ugudile kwaye uzinzile ngokwemilinganiselo. Ziindleko ezichasene nokusebenza korhwebo esiluhamba rhoqo kunye nabathengi. Injongo isoloko ukongeza machining kuphela apho yongeza ixabiso.
Convergence: Apho Amava Trumps Theory
Ekugqibeleni, ukuvelisa umlomo othembekileyo akukho malunga nokulandela incwadi yesifundo okanye inkqubo enye egqibeleleyo. Kumalunga nokuqonda ikhonkco lokuxhomekeka: ibakala lezinto eziphathekayo lichaphazela ukuchithwa, okuchaphazela ubuqili, obuchaphazela ukusebenza kokugqibela. Utshintsho olungephi kwi-pH yolwelo lunokunyanzelisa utshintsho lwe-material ukusuka kwi-316L ukuya kwi-super duplex stainless, ethi ikunyanzele ukuba uphinde uvavanye yonke ipharamitha yokusika kunye nesixhobo kwinkqubo yakho ye-CNC.
Ixabiso lokwenyani lomlingani onje Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. Asikuko nje ukuba zombini zinento yokwenza kunye nomatshini phantsi kophahla olunye. Kukuba imbali yabo ende ithetha ukuba bakhe bazibona ezi ngxaki zidibeneyo ngaphambili. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba bawuqhube umsebenzi apho i-tweak encinci kwinkqubo yokungena kwigobolondo lokungunda isombulule umba we-porosity onokuthi wonakalise isiphelo kwinto ebalulekileyo. umlomo hlala emva komatshini. Loo nkumbulo yeziko yinto oyihlawulayo.
Ngoko ke, kwixesha elizayo xa ujonga umzobo womlomo, musa ukubona umngxuma omhle. Bona lonke uhambo ukusuka kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo ukuya kwingxelo yovavanyo oluqinisekisiweyo lokuqukuqela. Sonke isigqibo malunga naloo ndlela-i-alloy, indlela yokuphosa, ukulandelelana komatshini, ubuchule bokugqiba-ushiya umnwe kumsebenzi wenxalenye. Kwaye ukuyifumana ilungile kufuna ingqondo ehlonipha umbhobho hayi njengenxalenye elula, kodwa njengojongano lobunjineli obuchanekileyo apho i-physics idibana nokusebenza. Kulapho umsebenzi wokwenyani ukhoyo.
