Masinyaniseke, xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'i-electrochemical machining echanekileyo' okanye i-PECM, bafanekisela inkqubo engenasiphako, ephantse ibe ngumlingo etshica izinto ezincinci ezigqibeleleyo ngomzamo we-zero. Leyo yinguqulelo yencwadana ekhazimlayo. Inyani, le sihlala nayo emgangathweni, imdaka, inamagqabantshintshi, kwaye inomdla kakhulu. Kuncinci malunga nokucofa iqhosha kwaye ngaphezulu malunga nothethathethwano oluqhubekayo phakathi kwefiziksi, ikhemistri, kunye nenyani enenkani yentsimbi ephambi kwakho. Igama elithi 'ukuchaneka' limisela ibha ephezulu-ithetha ukuphindaphinda kumanqanaba e-micron, ukugqitywa komphezulu okungafunekiyo emva komsebenzi, kunye nokukwazi ukuphatha izixhobo ezenza izixhobo eziqhelekileyo zilile. Kodwa ukufezekisa oko ngokuqhubekayo? Kulapho amashumi eminyaka olwazi lwezizwe lungena, uhlobo ongayi kufumana kuyo nayiphi na incwadi yokusebenza eqhelekileyo.
Umbono ongeyiyo ongundoqo: Kukubuyela umva nje kokutyalwa
Andikwazi ukubala ukuba kangaphi kufuneka ndiyicacise le nto. Abantu babona ibhafu ye-electrolyte, isixhobo se-cathode, kunye ne-anode workpiece, kwaye bayenza lula ukuya kwi-corrosion elawulwayo. Ngelixa umgaqo osisiseko wokupheliswa kwe-anodic uchanekile, ukuwuqulunqa ngaloo ndlela uphosa wonke umngeni wobunjineli. Le asiyonkqubo yokwenziwa; yinto elawulwa ndlongondlongo. 'Ukuchaneka' kwi ukuchaneka kwe-electrochemical machining iphuma ekulawuleni umsinga we-ion, amaqamza erhasi, kunye nobushushu ukuphumeza ukususwa kwezinto ezinokuqikelelwa. Yicinge njengokuzama ukukrola umkhenkce ngento yokomisa iinwele-kufuneka ulawule ukunyibilika ngefinesse emangalisayo.
Apho le nto ifika ekhaya kunezinto esihlala siziphatha rhoqo, njenge-nickel-based kunye ne-cobalt-based superalloys. La ngamarhamncwa apho iPECM yaqanjwa khona. Amandla abo aphezulu kunye nokuchasana kwe-thermal, okuyi-asethi kwicandelo le-injini ye-aero-injini, iba ngamaphupha amabi we-EDM okanye ukugaya. Ufumana izixhobo zokunxiba, iindawo ezichaphazeleke bubushushu, iintanda ezincinci. Nge-PECM, akukho mandla omatshini, akukho xinzelelo lobushushu. Isixhobo nje... siyahamba, i-atom nge-atom, sishiya ngasemva umphezulu ococekileyo. Kodwa nantsi into yokubambisa: ikhemikhali ye-electrolyte yomzimba wevalvu yentsimbi engenanto yahluke ngokupheleleyo kuleyo yeblade ye-Inconel turbine. Iyenze ingalunganga, kwaye endaweni yokugqiba okugudileyo, ufumana i-pitting, i-etching elahlekileyo, okanye i-passivation emisa inkqubo ngokupheleleyo.
Apha kulapho imbali yezinto ezinzulu zomboneleli iba xabiseke kakhulu. Thatha inkampani efana neQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Ujonga iprofayile yabo-ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 ekujuleni nasekusebenzeni, igcisa lokungunda kweqokobhe kunye notyalo-mali kunye nayo yonke into ukusuka kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo ukuya kwialloys ezikhethekileyo. Ayiloluhlu lwenkonzo nje olo; yibhanki yenkumbulo yezinto ezinzulu. Xa bethetha ngokufudukela okanye ukuxhasa ukuchaneka kwe-electrochemical machining, zivela kwindawo yokuqonda ukwakheka kweenkozo, uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo, kunye ne-idiosyncrasies yezi zinyithi ukusuka kwinqanaba lokuphosa ukuya phambili. Olo lwazi lusisiseko lwazisa yonke into ukusuka kuyilo lokuqala lokulungisa ukuya kwi-electrolyte formulation. Ithintela impazamo ye-rookie yakudala yokuphatha yonke intsimbi engatyiwa ngokufanayo.
Umdaniso wezixhobo: Uyilo lweCathode yiyo yonke into
Ukuba i-workpiece yinkwenkwezi, isixhobo se-cathode ngumlawuli. Kwaye uyilo lwayo ludibaniso oludidayo lokuqina kunye nolindelo. Awenzi ukungunda okubi; uyila izinto ezinqabileyo zenkqubo. Umsantsa phakathi kwesixhobo kunye nesixhobo sokusebenza — uhlala nje amashumi eemicrons — kulapho kwenzeka khona umlingo kunye nesiphithiphithi. Ukuhamba kwe-electrolyte kufuneka kufane, kugungxulwe kude nodaka kunye nobushushu ngaphandle kokudala i-vortices egqwetha indlela yomatshini.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yecandelo lenkqubo yepetroli enezinto ezininzi zangaphakathi. Uyilo lokuqala lwe-cathode lwalugqibelele ngokwejometri. Kodwa ngexesha lokuqala, siye safumana i-taper kwiitshaneli ezinzulu. Ingxaki? I-electrolyte flow stagnation. Isixhobo besivimba ukuhlaziya kwaso. Kuye kwafuneka sibuyele umva kwaye songeze imingxuma encedisayo kumzimba wesixhobo ngokwawo, imingxunya engayi kumatshini umsebenzi kodwa iya kuqinisekisa ukuhamba. Yongeza iveki kwixesha elikhokelayo, kodwa igcine inxalenye. Lo ngumsebenzi ongenamdla, ophindaphindayo wePECM. Kungenxa yoko le nto inqaku lokuqala libaleka lingcwele, kwaye kutheni ubudlelwane phakathi komatshini kunye nomyili wesixhobo kufuneka bungabinamthungo.
Le yenye indawo apho ubuchule obuhlanganisiweyo bubalulekile. Ivenkile eyenza kuphela umatshini inokuyibona i-cathode njengento elula yokuthenga. Kodwa umsebenzi odityanisiweyo ngokuthe nkqo oqonda icandelo ukusuka kwinqanaba lokuphosa, njengale nto unokuyifumana kwifemu enemvelaphi ye-QSY, unokuba nomyili wezixhobo abonisane nenjineli ye-Foundry. Basenokuhlengahlengisa i-engile eyidrafti yokuphosa ukwenza lula indlela yesixhobo se-PECM, okanye bakhethe ibakala elahluke kancinane le-alloy besazi ukuba liya kuziphatha njani ngexesha lokuchithwa. Olo mbono ubanzi ucheba iindleko kunye nexesha ngeendlela ozixabisayo kuphela emva kokubona enye indlela-ukubuya nokuphuma okungapheliyo phakathi kwabanikezeli be-siled.
IiParameters zeNkqubo: UBathathu Emnye ongaxoleliyo
I-voltage, izinga lokutya, ukubunjwa kwe-electrolyte kunye nokuhamba. Lungisa enye, kwaye kufuneka ulungelelanise abanye. Kukuhamba ngentambo. Ukubaleka kakhulu amandla ombane kumyinge wesondlo esinikiweyo kunokukhokelela kulawulo olugqithisileyo kunye nolawulo olulambathayo. Iphantsi kakhulu, kwaye ubeka umngcipheko wokujikeleza okufutshane okanye ushiye umaleko we-recast. I-electrolyte ayingomanzi anetyuwa kuphela; yicocktail elungelelanisiweyo ngononophelo yenitrate, iikloridi, kunye nezongezelelo ezikhuthaza ukunyibilika okugudileyo kwaye zinqande ukubola kwindawo engalunganga.
Sifunde oku ngendlela enzima kwibhetshi yeeprototypes zokufakelwa kwezonyango kwi-cobalt-chromium alloy. Amalungu ayebonakala egqibelele ngokubonakalayo, kodwa phantsi kwe-microscope, umphezulu wawunokwakheka okuncinci, okungafaniyo. Uvavanyo lwe-Biocompatibility luyifake iflegi yokuncamathela okunokubakho kwebhaktiriya. Ingxaki? Ukungahlambuluki okuncinci kwibhetshi ye-electrolyte kudibene nokwakheka okuthe ngqo kwe-alloy. Kwafuneka sikhuphe isiseko sobunyulu obuphezulu kwaye songeze iarhente ye-chelating kumxube. Ukulungiswa kwakulula, kodwa ukuxilonga kwathatha iintsuku ze-certs ze-cross-reference material with process logs. Yagxininisa ukuba ku ukuchaneka kwe-electrochemical machining, ikhonkco lakho lokubonelela ngezinto ezityiwayo libaluleke kakhulu njengokulinganisa umatshini wakho.
Ulawulo lobushushu liqabane elithuleyo apha. Ukuveliswa kobushushu be-Electrolyte kuhlala kunjalo. Vumela iqondo lobushushu lokuhlambela likhukuliseke, kwaye utshintsho lwe-conductivity, uphose zonke iiparamitha zakho ezicwangcisiweyo ngononophelo ngaphandle kwefestile. Oomatshini banamhlanje banezikhenkcezisi, kodwa kwimitsi ephezulu okanye ngeejiyometri ezikhohlisayo, kusafuneka uyibeke iliso. Ndibone ukuseta apho zisebenzisa izinzwa ze-infrared kumgca wokubuyela kwingxelo yexesha lokwenyani. Ngolu lungelelwaniso luncinci, olusebenzayo olwahlula inkqubo yokusebenza ukusuka kweyomelele.
Ukudityaniswa neeNkqubo zeLifa: AyiloTshintsho
Umgibe oqhelekileyo ukujonga i-PECM njengembumbulu yesilivere ethatha indawo yabo bonke oomatshini abaqhelekileyo. Akunjalo. Sisixhobo esikhethekileyo kwibhokisi. Uqoqosho lwayo lunengqiqo kumacandelo exabiso eliphezulu, iijometri ezintsonkothileyo (iikhonto zangaphakathi, iitshaneli ze-helical), okanye izinto ezingenakulinganiswa. Ngesibiyeli esilula? Sebenzisa ilitye lokusila.
Indawo eswiti ikuveliso oluxutyiweyo. Ukuhamba komsebenzi okuqhelekileyo esikubona rhoqo-kunye nokulungelelaniswa ngokugqibeleleyo kunye neminikelo yomboneleli wenkonzo epheleleyo-inokuba: utyalo-mali lokufumana isiseko esisondeleyo se-net ye-blade ye-injini yomoya, umatshini we-CNC weedatum kunye nemingxuma yebholiti, emva koko. ukuchaneka kwe-electrochemical machining ukugqibezela amajelo okupholisa antsonkothileyo kunye neprofayile yefoil ukuya kwisipili, konke ngaphandle kokwenza uxinzelelo. Le ndlela yokulandelelana iphakamisa amandla enkqubo nganye. Ungaphonononga ngakumbi malunga neendlela ezidibeneyo zokuvelisa kumaziko afana Iqonga leQSY, apho uhambo olusuka kwi-casting ukuya kwindawo echanekileyo egqityiweyo yintambo eqhubekayo.
Apha kulapho iminyaka engama-30 yamava umgca wethegi uyeka ukuthengisa. Ukwazi ukuba inxalenye iya kuphazamisa njani ngexesha lokuphosa kukuxelela ukuba usishiye phi isitokhwe esongezelelweyo. Ukuqonda uxinzelelo olubambekayo olusuka kumsebenzi we-CNC kwazisa indlela owulungisa ngayo ukupasa kokugqibela kwePECM. Kukuqhubekeka kolwazi. Ukuzama ukwenza iPECM kwindawo ongayiqondi imbali yayo kufana nokuzama ukuguqulela incwadi xa usazi isahluko sokugqibela.
Umba woMntu: Idatha, ithuku, kunye noVava
Ngaphandle kwazo zonke izilawuli zedijithali kunye nezinzwa, umqhubi we-PECM onamava usaphuhlisa ukuziva. Kukukwazi ukuva utshintsho kwi-hum yempompo ebonisa ukuba isihluzo siyavaleka, okanye ukujonga umbala kunye negwebu le-electrolyte njengoko ibuya kwaye ikrokrela ungcoliseko. Umatshini usenokungavusi de inxenye ibe sisilaphu, kodwa umntu uyayibamba ngexesha. Le intuition yakhelwe kwiminyaka yokubona izinto zingahambi kakuhle.
Sibhala yonke into. Ubaleka ngalunye lunelogi: inombolo yobushushu bezinto eziphathekayo, i-ID yebhetshi ye-electrolyte, iijiko zobushushu, ii-voltage/iiplani zangoku. Xa inxalenye igqibelele, sigcina ezo parameters njengesiseko. Xa ingaphumeleli, sixilonga ilog. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, uyakha i-database yobunikazi engumphetho wakho wokwenene wokhuphiswano. Akukhona nje ngokuba nomatshini; imalunga nokuba nenkumbulo yeeyure ezingamawaka alishumi zexesha lokusebenza nayo.
Ngoko ke, xa uvavanya iqabane ukuze a ukuchaneka kwe-electrochemical machining umsebenzi, musa ukujonga nje ishidi lomatshini wabo. Buza malunga nezinto ezigciniweyo zabo. Cela uphononongo apho basombulule khona ingxaki. Buza ukuba baphatha njani ulondolozo lwe-electrolyte. Iimpendulo ziya kukuxelela ukuba ujongene ne-button-pusher okanye ingcali. Injongo ayisokuze nje ukususa isinyithi. Kukwenza oko ngokuqikelelwa kwangaphambili, okuthembekileyo, kunye nokuchaneka okunoqoqosho okushiya imfezeko yemathiriyeli ingeyiyo nje yodwa, kodwa ihlala iphuculwa. Elo lidinga lokwenyani, kunye nomceli mngeni wokwenyani wemihla ngemihla, wenkqubo.
