Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'ishishini lesinyithi lomgubo', baba nomfanekiso wenkqubo ethe ngqo yokucinezela-kunye-sint er-dibanisa umgubo, uwucinezele, uwufudumeze, uyenzile. Leyo yinguqulelo yeencwadi zezifundo, kwaye kukwenza lula okuyingozi okukhokelela kwiindawo ezininzi ezisezantsi kunye neenjineli ezidanileyo. Inyani imbi, i-nuanced ngakumbi, kwaye ngokungafihlisiyo, apho kwenzeka khona ubunjineli bokwenyani. Ayikokwenza nje imilo; imalunga nokulawula i-porosity, ukulawula imida yeenkozo emva kwe-sintering, kunye nokuqonda indlela i-alloying eziphatha ngayo xa iqala njengothuli. Ndibone uyilo oluninzi lusilela ngenxa yokuba baphatha i-PM njengendawo enexabiso eliphantsi lomatshini, betyeshela iimpawu zayo ezizodwa.
I-Alloy Conundrum kunye ne-Density Realities
Masithethe ngezixhobo. Isithembiso se-alloys ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-nickel-based or cobalt-based based on powder form is big for wear and high-temp applications. Kodwa umsantsa phakathi kwesithembiso nenxalenye ubanzi. Awunakuthatha nje i-alloy edibeneyo kwaye ulindele ukuba inguqulelo yomgubo ibethe amanani afanayo. Umgubo osele udityaniswe ngaphambili uchasene nomxube we-elemental lukhetho olusisiseko oluyalela yonke into ukusuka kuzinzo lwe-dimensional ngexesha le-sintering ukuya kumandla okugqibela okudinwa. Ngokudityaniswa kwe-elemental, ubhanka ekusasazeni ukuba ugqibelele ngexesha lomjikelo we-thermal-ayifane ibekho, ikhokelela kwi-heterogeneous microstructures ukuba umjikelo awulunganga.
Oku kubophelelana ngokuthe ngqo kuxinaniso. Ukujolisa uxinaniso olusondeleleneyo luhlala luthetha ukuhamba ngaphaya komgangatho we-sintering. Sithetha malunga nokubumba inaliti yesinyithi (MIM) okanye ukucinezela kwe-isostatic eshushu (HIP). Kodwa inyathelo ngalinye lokunyuka koxinzelelo liza kunye nokutsiba kweendleko kunye nemiqobo yejometri. Ngokomzekelo, i-HIP iyamangalisa ekupheliseni i-porosity eshiyekileyo kwindawo enzima umgubo wesinyithi Inxalenye, yithi iprototype yeblade ye-iturbine, kodwa ayilonyango-konke kumdlalo owenziwe kakubi wokuqhuba. I-porosity kufuneka ivalwe kwaye yodwa ukuze i-HIP iphilise ngokufanelekileyo; ukudityaniswa komphezulu porosity akuyi kulungiswa.
Intloko esebenzayo? I-Sinter eqinisa iintsimbi. Bakuvumela ukuba ufezekise amandla aphezulu ngqo ngaphandle kwesithando somlilo, udlula unyango lwesibini lobushushu. Ivakala ngokugqibeleleyo. Kodwa izinga lokupholisa kwibhanti yakho ye-sintering iba yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yeparameter. Ukucotha kakhulu, kwaye awuyifumani inguqu ye-martensitic; ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye usengozini yokugqwetheka. Ndichithe iiveki ndisenza ukuhamba kwegesi kunye nezantya zebhanti zecandelo elilula leflange, ukufumanisa ukuba utshintsho oluncinci kwinxalenye yobunzima ukusuka kuyilo loyilo lwaphosa yonke into kwakhona. Sisenzo esisoloko silungelelanisa.
Apho i-PM idibana khona noMatshini: Ukuxhawulana ngesandla okungenakuthintelwa
Phantse akukho nxalenye ye-PM entsonkothileyo eyimilo yokwenene. Nokuba ngesona sixhobo sibalaseleyo kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo, uya kufuna imisebenzi yesibini. Apha kulapho ubudlelwane phakathi a umgubo wesinyithi ingcali kunye nomatshini ochanekileyo ufumana ukugxeka. Awunako umatshini inxalenye ye-PM njengokuba ungenza ibhloko eyenziweyo. I-porosity eseleyo yi-abrasive edla izixhobo zokusika. Ikwachaphazela ukugqiba komphezulu kunye namandla entambo.
Le yi-synergy endiyibonile yenziwe kakuhle. Thatha inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Ngemvelaphi yabo enzulu yotyalo-mali kunye ne-CNC machining, bafumana ukuziphatha kwezinto eziphathekayo. Xa inxalenye ye-PM, ithi umzimba wevalve yensimbi engenasici ofuna imisonto yezibuko echanekileyo, iphuma kwi-sinter, bayazi indlela yokusingatha. Bangaqonda ukuba ukugrumba kwindawo ene-sintered kufuna izixhobo ezithile zejometri kunye nokutya ukunqanda ukudilika komphetho. Ayingomsebenzi womatshini nje; kukuqhubekeka kwenkqubo yokumanyanisa. Amava abo ane-alloys ezikhethekileyo ekuphoseni aguqulela kwi-intuition yokuphatha izinto ezifanayo kwifom ye-sintered. Ungajonga indlela yabo kwindawo yabo https://www.tsingtaocnc.com-inkqubo yabo edityanisiweyo ukusuka ekubunjweni ukuya kwimachining yeyona nto ifunwa ngamacandelo e-PM.
Eyona ntsilelo imbi kakhulu endiyibonileyo kuxa i-PM kunye ne-machining zafakwa. Umyili uchaze udonga olucekethekileyo olusecaleni kwepokotho eyenziwe ngoomatshini kwindawo ye-PM. Ivenkile ye-PM iyenze yacaca, kodwa udonga mhlawumbi lwalunoxinaniso lwama-85%. Umchwephesha, osetyenziselwa intsimbi eqinileyo, wathatha ukusika okusemgangathweni. Udonga lwalungcangcazela, isixhobo sathetha saza sakrazuka ngokoqobo. Sifunda ntoni? I-DFM (i-Design for Manufacture) ye-PM mayibandakanye isicwangciso somatshini. Ngamanye amaxesha, kungcono ukwenza umatshini wokukhulula ngaphambi kokuntywila, okanye ukucacisa ukuxinana kwendawo.
Umgibe wokuSebenza kunye noNyamezelo olwaneleyo
Isixhobo yintliziyo yokucinezela-kunye-sinter, kwaye yindleko enkulu yangaphambili. Isilingo kukuyila indawo enamanqanaba amaninzi ukukhulisa inkqubo, ukuxinana kuzo zonke iintlobo zeempawu. Kodwa onke amanqanaba, yonke i-undercut, yonyusa ukuntsokotha kwesixhobo, ukunxiba, kunye nomngcipheko wokuxinana kwemithamo. Ndawela kulo mgibe kwangoko. Siyile igiya eqaqambileyo eneprofayile yeclutch ehlanganisiweyo. Esi sixhobo sasiliphupha elibi, sifuna iintonga eziethe-ethe ezingundoqo ezigobileyo, ezikhokelela ekuzaliseni okungangqinelaniyo kwi-clutch splines. Amalungu ebeza kushicilelwa kodwa asebenze kakubi ngenxa yolo tshintsho loxinaniso.
Ngamanye amaxesha, umdlalo okrelekrele kukwenza i-PM elula, eyomeleleyo ngakumbi kunye nomatshini weempawu ezinzima. Ivakala ngathi ingumnyinyiva, kodwa ihlala ithembeke ngakumbi kwaye inexabiso elisebenzayo kwivolumu. Ukunyamezelana yenye indawo yamabhongo angafanelekanga. Ukubamba i-±0.025mm kwidayamitha ye-sintered kwibhetshi kucela ingxaki kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-100%. Ishishini lineeklasi zokunyamezelana okusemgangathweni ngesizathu. Ukuqonda ixesha lokusebenzisa iKlasi X (ukuchaneka okuphezulu) ngokuchasene neKlasi Y, kunye nokunxibelelana oko kumthengi, yinxalenye ephambili yomsebenzi. Kumalunga nokulawula okulindelweyo ngobunyani bomgubo wokubumba kunye nokuwubukela ucutheka kwaye ujike eziko.
Kwaye ukucutheka akukho mgca. Iyakwazi ukuhluka kunye ne-compacting direction (i-anisotropic), eyona nto ibuhlungu kwiindawo ezide, ezincinci. Sakhe senza uthotho lweeleva ze actuator. Badibana nobude kunye nobubanzi be-specs emva kokucoca, kodwa i-twist (indlela ye-warp) yayingahambelani. Oyena nobangela? Ukuguquguquka okuncinci kwi-powder yokuzalisa ukuphakama kwi-die, etshintshe ukusabalalisa kokuqala koxinano oluluhlaza. Ukuyicombulula kufuna ukuyilwa ngokutsha kwenkqubo yezihlangu zokutya, hayi nje ukulungiswa kweziko.
I-Green State: Apho yonke into igqitywe
Iqhawe elingagungqiyo-okanye i-saboteur ethuleyo-ye-PM yinxalenye eluhlaza. Nantso into ecinezelweyo-kodwa-engaphazanyiswanga. Ingqibelelo yayo yinto yonke. I-hairline crack okanye i-laminations evela kwi-ejection engafanelekanga ayiyi kupholisa kwi-sintering; baya kuba worse. Ukuphatha iindawo eziluhlaza kufuna ukubamba ukukhanya. Ndibone iipalethi zonke zamalungu zincitshiswe zaba yingqushu kuba igcisa elitsha liwaphathe njengeentsimbi zoomatshini.
Amandla aluhlaza yipropathi oyichazayo ngezibophelelo kunye nezithambiso. Kodwa lurhwebo. I-lubricant eyongezelelekileyo ikhulula ukukhutshwa kwaye iphucula ukufana koxinaniso, kodwa ishiya intsalela engakumbi ukuba itshise ngexesha lokutshisa, okunokuchaphazela ulawulo lwekhabhoni kwiintsimbi. Yingxaki yekhemistri eguqulwe njengomatshini. Kwinkampani efana QSY, Obuchwephesha bakhe kwiqokobhe kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali kujikeleza izinto zokubumba kunye nemijikelo yokutshiswa, lo moya we-sintering kunye nesigaba se-thermal debinding iya kuba yindawo eqhelekileyo. Imigaqo yokuchithwa kwe-thermal elawulwayo ihambelana, isetyenziswe nje kwi-powder compact endaweni yepateni ye-wax.
Ukuhlola iindawo eziluhlaza bubugcisa. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa iindlela ezininzi ezingonakalisi. Ihlala ihla ekuhlolweni okubonakalayo phantsi kokukhanya okulungileyo kunye nokuziva ukuba inxalenye kufuneka ivakale njani xa icofa kancinci. Bubuchwephesha obuphantsi kodwa bubalulekile. Indawo eluhlaza enesiphene yinkunkuma; uchitha nje amandla ngokuyichitha.
Ukujonga Phambili: AyiyoNkqubo yeMpahla
Umngcipheko omkhulu kwi ishishini lomgubo wesinyithi ithathwa njengento yorhwebo. Ukuba imalunga nokucofa iindawo zentsimbi ezinexabiso eliphantsi, loo msebenzi uya kuthi ekugqibeleni uye kweyona bhidi inexabiso eliphantsi. Ikamva likwimathiriyeli ephucukileyo, ukudityaniswa okuntsokothileyo kokusebenza, kunye nokuveliswa komxube. Cinga nge-PM njengeqonga lezinto ezibonakalayo. Unokwenza ii-composites-ezifana ne-aluminium eyomelezwe ngamasuntswana e-silicon carbide-engenakwenzeka ukuba inyibilike. Okanye izixhobo ezisebenzayo apho ukwakheka kutshintsha ngaphakathi kwenxalenye.
Ukudibanisa kunye nemveliso eyongezelelweyo nayo imigca efiphalisayo. Ijetting yesibophelelo sesinyithi, kumbindi wayo, a umgubo wesinyithi inkqubo. Imiceli mngeni yokuntywila, ukugqwetheka, kunye nolawulo lwe-microstructural yonke ikhona, ikhuliswe bubuninzi obuphantsi obuluhlaza. Lusapho olufanayo lweengxaki, kunye nendlela yokubunjwa eyahlukileyo. Kulapho ulwazi lwenkqubo enzulu oluvela kwi-PM yemveli luba luncedo kakhulu.
Ke, ayiloshishini lokutshona kwelanga. Iyavela. Kodwa ifuna utshintsho ukusuka ekubeni yinxalenye yomthengisi ukuya ekubeni ngumcebisi wenkqubo yokwenziwa kwezinto. Kuya kufuneka ukhokele uyilo, ube ngumnini wetsheyini lilonke ukusuka kumgubo ukuya kwindawo egqityiweyo ngoomatshini, kwaye unyaniseke ngokukhohlakeleyo malunga nesakhono senkqubo kunye nemida. Yiloo ndlela ohamba ngayo ngaphaya kokuba yivenkile yeendaba kwaye ube liqabane elibalulekileyo lobunjineli. Iinkampani ezifumana oku, ezo zinomatshini kunye nezinto zenzululwazi chops ukuxhasa inkqubo ye-PM, zizo eziya kuthi gqolo kule minyaka ingama-30 izayo.
