Xa abantu abaninzi besiva i-'powder metallurgy', bafane bafane bafane bafane bacinge ngesixhobo sokushicilela kunye ne-sinter sesixhobo esixineneyo, esisebenzayo, kodwa ngokungafihlisiyo, siyinto eqhelekileyo. Leyo yimbono yokuqala ephosakeleyo. Inyani ikude kakhulu kwaye inomdla ngakumbi. Ayikokwenza nje ukumila okuqinileyo kumgubo; luthethathethwano oluthe gqolo phakathi kokuziphatha okubonakalayo, iiparamitha zenkqubo, kunye neemfuno ezisoloko zingaxoleli zesicelo sokugqibela. Emva kokubona iinxalenye ziphuma emgceni kwiindawo ezibonelela kushishino olunzima, umsantsa phakathi kwe-textbook PM kunye ne-shop-floor PM kulapho kuhlala khona ulwazi lokwenyani.
Iphazili yeAlloy kunye nokuba kutheni ukubunjwa ayisiyiyo yonke into
Uqala ngokudibanisa umgubo. I-database ikunika isinyithi, ubhedu, igraphite, mhlawumbi i-nickel. Kodwa ukwahluka kweqashiso-kwiqashiso kubungakanani bokuhanjiswa kobungakanani bamasuntswana ukusuka kumthengisi kunokuphosa amandla akho okudibanisa. Oku sikufunde kabuhlungu ekuqhutyweni kweesprockets kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa. I-spec yahlangatyezwa, kodwa ukuhambahamba kwakwahluke ngobuqili, okukhokelela kwi-gradients encinci yoxinaniso emva kokucoca okubonise kuphela phantsi kovavanyo lokudinwa komjikelo ophezulu. Kwakungekho ukusilela kwise, kodwa yayisisikhumbuzo sokuba umgubo uyinto ephilayo, hayi nje ifomyula yemichiza.
Apha kulapho amava kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokwenza, njengotyalo-mali olwenziwe liqabane ekudala likho Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), inika umahluko onomdla. Bajongana nokuziphatha kwesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Kithina kwi-PM, isinyithi sethu siqinile de sinyanzelise ukuba senze ngenye indlela. Ubungcali babo kubumba lweqokobhe kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali oluneealloyi ezikhethekileyo ezifana neze-nickel-based zazisa ukucinga kwethu malunga nezicwangciso ze-alloying zamacandelo e-PM asebenza kakhulu. Ngaba singakwazi ukufezekisa ukusasazwa kwe-microstructure efanayo ngokuxuba okuphambili kunye nokuntywila endaweni yokunyibilika? Ngamanye amaxesha, kodwa i-trajectory yeendleko iyahluka.
Ukhetho phakathi komgubo owenziwe ngaphambili kunye nomxube we-elemental blend ngomnye umnxeba wokugweba oqhelekileyo. Iipowders ezifakwe ngaphambili, njengentsimbi engenasici okanye izixhobo zentsimbi, zikunika i-homogeneity kodwa inokuba sisihogo sokubumbana ngenxa yobunzima. I-Elemental idibanisa i-sinter ngokusebenzayo ngakumbi kodwa ingozi inhomogeneity ukuba umjikelo awulunganga nje. Lurhwebo phakathi kweendleko zokucofa kunye neendleko ze-sintering, kwaye ulungelelanisa kwincam yemela.
Umdaniso weSintering: Ubushushu, umoya, kunye nexesha
I-Sintering kulapho umlingo kunye noloyiko lwenzeka khona. Ayisiyonto nje yomlilo enobushushu obumiselweyo. Ireyithi yerempu, indawo yombethe we-atmosfera (nokuba yirhasi ye-endothermic, i-ammonia edibeneyo, okanye i-vacuum), kunye nexesha lobushushu lidala incoko kunye namasuntswana omgubo. Fumana enye engalunganga, kwaye ujonge inxalenye enokuthi ibe yi-brittle ekudibaniseni okungahambi kakuhle okanye ephosakeleyo ekunciphiseni okungalinganiyo.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yecandelo levalve yehydraulic efuna indibaniselwano ethile yamandla kunye ne-porosity yokufakwa kweoyile. Sibethelele ingxinano emva kokuxinana, kodwa iprofayile ye-sintering yayicimile kancinci-ikhawuleza kakhulu irempu. Yenze impembelelo yesikhumba evale i-surface pores ngaphambi kwexesha. Amalungu aphumelele iitshekhi ezinobukhulu kodwa aziphumelelanga kwilebhu ngexesha lovavanyo lokucinywa kweoyile. Ulungiso ibingelotshintsho olubalulekileyo; yayiyirempu ecothayo, ethambileyo ngakumbi ukuvumela iigesi zangaphakathi ukuba zibaleke ngaphandle kokutywina umphezulu. Isifundo esichuliweyo, esinexabiso eliphezulu.
Oku kuchasene nolawulo lokuqina ekujuleni. Ukukhangela ubunakho be QSY kwindawo yabo tsngtaocnc.com, ulawulo lwabo phezu kokuqina kwi-investment casting ye-cobalt-based alloys imalunga nokulawula isigaba samanzi. Umceli mngeni wethu kwi-PM sintering kukulawula ukusasazwa kombuso oqinileyo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha izigaba zolwelo ezidlulayo. Injongo yokugqibela-isandi, inxalenye yentsimbi ephezulu-iyafana, kodwa indlela apho ivakalelwa ngokusisiseko.
Xa i-PM idibana noMatshini: INyaniso yePost-Processing
Akukho mntu uthanda ukuyivuma, kodwa isithembiso se-net-shape ye-powder metallurgy sihlala sihamba ne-asterisk. Kwiimpawu ezibalulekileyo-imicu, i-ultra-tight tolerance bores, i-grooves ekhethekileyo-uya kumatshini we-CNC. Ubuqhetseba benxalenye eyojiweyo lirhamncwa lalo. Ayifani nokwenza ibar eyenziweyo; i-porosity eshiyekileyo inokusebenza njenge-chip breaker (elungileyo) kodwa iphinde ikhawulezise ukunxiba kwesixhobo (okubi).
Sithumele i-PM blanks kwiivenkile zoomatshini ezisetyenziselwa ukuthengisa okanye ukukhohlisa isitokhwe, kwaye ingxelo ihlala iyimfundo. Iiparamitha zokusika zifuna ukulungiswa. Kungenxa yoko le nto umthengisi onobuchule obuhlanganisiweyo exabisekile. Inkampani efana QSY, edwelisa i-CNC machining ecaleni kobuchule bayo bokuphosa, iqonda ukuziphatha kwezinto eziphathekayo kwii-engile ezininzi. Ukwenza i-sintered nickel alloy component ifuna i-touch eyahlukileyo kunokusebenza i-cast cast counterpart, nokuba i-nominal composition iyafana. Indawo etshisiweyo inokuba neeoksidi ezilungileyo, ezisasaziweyo ukusuka kumgubo ongaphezulu ekufuneka umsiki ajongane nawo.
Inkqubo yokuhlawula kwakhona yahlukile. I-porosity inokubamba imidiya yokucoca okanye i-fluid, eyona nto ibuhlungu kwiindawo ezicocekileyo okanye ezomileyo. Awunakuvele uziphose kwi-tumbler engcangcazelayo kwaye uyibize ngokuba lusuku. Ngokuqhelekileyo kufuna ukucocwa ngokulandelelana kunye ne-solvents ethile kunye nokomisa ngokucophelela.
I-Niche yee-Alloys eziKhethekileyo kunye neGeometries ezintsonkothileyo
Apha kulapho i-metallurgy engumgubo iqala khona ukuqaqamba ngokwenyani kwaye ithethelele ukuntsonkotha kwayo. Izinto ezinzima okanye ezingenakwenzeka ukuphosa okanye ukwenza iimilo ezintsonkothileyo-ezifana nee-alloys ezinzima ze-tungsten, okanye i-metal matrix composites ezilungiselelweyo-ziyi-prime PM territory. Ikhono lokudala izakhiwo ezisemgangathweni okanye i-porosity elawulwayo (yezihlungi okanye iibheringi zokuzithambisa) yodwa.
Sasebenza kwiprototype yecandelo lesixhobo sonyango sisebenzisa i-titanium alloy. Ukuqulunqa bekungamaxabiso aphantsi kumthamo ophantsi, kwaye ukwenziwa komatshini osuka kwisiqina kwakumosha ngaphezulu kwe-80% yezinto ezixabisa kakhulu. I-Metal Injection Molding (MIM), eyahlukileyo ye-PM, yayiyimpendulo. Kwavumela ukumila okuntsonkothileyo, okuphilayo kunye neendonga ezibhityileyo, into eya kuba ngumngeni nakwi-precision investment casting. I-sintering kwakufuneka yenziwe kwi-vacuum ephezulu, kwaye ukuguqulwa kwakuyidabi, kodwa kwasebenza. Kukwezi mbombo zoshishino apho i-PM ifumana umhlaba wayo okhuselayo.
Ukujonga kuluhlu lwezinto ezivela kwi-Foundry efana QSY-intsimbi etyhidiweyo, intsimbi, i-cobalt kunye ne-nickel alloys-sisikhumbuzo sokuba inkqubo nganye iveza indawo yayo. Kwivolumu ephezulu, iinxalenye ze-ferrous ezilula, i-PM yesiqhelo yokucofa kunye ne-sinter inzima ukuyibetha kwiindleko. Kwi-alloys ephezulu-phezulu yokusebenza kwiimilo ezintsonkothileyo, apho iindleko zempahla zilawula, i-PM okanye i-MIM ikhuphisana ngokuthe ngqo nokuphosa utyalo-mali. Imatrix yesigqibo ibandakanya umthamo, ijometri, imathiriyeli, kunye neemfuno zepropathi. Kunqabile ukuba kubekho impendulo enye ecacileyo.
Iingcinga zokugqibela: YiNkqubo yokuTyunwa rhoqo
Ke, i-powder metallurgy ayingomsebenzi omiselweyo kwaye ulibale. Yinkqubo. Utshintsho kwi-brand ye-lubricant, i-10-degree shift kwindawo eshushu yesithando somlilo, i-batch entsha ye powder-nayiphi na kwezi zinto zinokuphazamisa umphumo. Ubungcali bulele ekwakhiweni kwenkqubo eyomeleleyo enokuthi ifunxe ezi yantlukwano zincinci kunye nokuba nezakhono zokuxilonga ukuze wazi ukuba yintoni ehambe kakubi xa ibhetshi icinyiwe.
Incinci malunga neempumelelo zenguqu kunye nokunye malunga nokunyuka, uphuculo oluphumelele nzima. Ngaba singakwazi ukufumana i-0.5% yobuninzi bobuninzi ngaphandle kokunyusa i-tonnage ye-press? Ngaba sinokulinciphisa ixesha le-sintering nge-5% ngaphandle kokulimaza ubunzima? Oku kukusila kwemihla ngemihla. Ayisiyonto intle, kodwa xa ubambe icandelo elenza ngokungenasiphako phantsi koxinzelelo, ukwazi onke amanyathelo athathiweyo ukusuka kumgubo okhululekileyo ukuya kwelo candelo ligqityiweyo, ulwaneliseko lukhonkrithi. Kububungqina bokulawula isiphithiphithi, isuntswana elincinane lemicron ngexesha.
I-landscape ikwayenye yentsebenziswano. Ulwazi oluvela kwii-Foundries, ukusuka koomatshini, kubasebenzisi bokugqibela bonke babuyela ekwenzeni iindawo ezingcono ze-PM. Luludwe oluqhubekayo lwenzululwazi yezinto kunye nokusombulula iingxaki kwivenkile. Oko, ngaphezu kwayo nantoni na, yintliziyo yomsebenzi wezandla.
