Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'ishishini lomatshini elichanekileyo', baba nomfanekiso wegumbi elicocekileyo nelinomoya opholileyo elineerobhothi ezishukumayo zithe cwaka, zitshica iindawo ezigqibeleleyo. Lo ngumfanekiso wentengiso. Inyani idla ngokuba ngumgangatho oshukumayo kunye ne-hum enzulu ye-5-axis mill ithatha ukusika okunzima kwibhloko ye-316L ye-stainless block, umoya onuka ngokupholisa kunye nentsimbi eshushu. Ukuchaneka kokwenyani akukho nje kwisisombululo sesikali seglasi yomatshini; kumashumi eminyaka yolwazi lwezizwe malunga nokubamba utyalo-mali olubhityileyo oluluqilima ngaphandle kokulugqwetha, okanye lokufaka ijiyometri ukuze isetyenziswe kwingxubevange ye-nickel esekwe kwi-gummy engayi kungqubeka kodwa endaweni yoko iya kuvelisa intambo, i-blue-hued swarf ebuhlungu ukuyicoca. Lo msantsa phakathi kwencwadana kunye nomgangatho wevenkile kulapho ishishini lihlala kwaye liphefumla khona.
Isiseko: Iqala ngokuCasa
Awukwazi ukuthetha ngomatshini wokunyamezela okuphezulu ngaphandle kokuthetha ngento oyenzayo. Le yingongoma esisiseko abaninzi abangayijongiyo. Indlela yesixhobo ecwangciswe kakuhle ayinaxabiso ukuba indawo ekrwada inobunzima bodonga olungahambelaniyo okanye ukushwabana kwangaphakathi. Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi zisilela ngenxa yokuba umatshini waphathwa njengenqanaba lodwa labenzi bemimangaliso. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-Foundry kunye nevenkile yomatshini ayisiyo-handoff; yingxoxo eqhubekayo. Kungenxa yoko le nto imisebenzi edibanisa ukuphosa kunye noomatshini phantsi kophahla olunye, njengale ndiyibonileyo ngeQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), inomphetho owahlukileyo. Imbali yabo yeminyaka engama-30 ekudlaleni ithetha ukuba amaqela oomatshini akasebenzi ngebhokisi emnyama. Bayazi iimpawu ezithile ze-shell shell mold kunye ne-investment castings-imigca yokuqhawula eqhelekileyo, i-angles elindelekileyo yokuyila, iindawo zokuxininisa ezinokubakho kwizindlu zensimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Olu ayilolwazi lungekhoyo; imalunga nokwazi ukuba kwipateni yecandelo leinjini yeinjini ethile, kufuneka ushiye i-0.5mm eyongezelelweyo yesitokhwe kwiflange enye kuba kulapho iqokobhe leceramic lithanda ukujika ngexesha lokukhutshwa kwewaxing. Olo hlobo lokuqonda aluveli kuphicotho lwababoneleli; ivela kwimbali ekwabelwana ngayo kwaye, ngokunyanisekileyo, intlungu ekwabelwana ngayo.
Thatha umsebenzi wabo ngee-alloys ezikhethekileyo, njenge-cobalt okanye i-nickel-based based. Ezi zikhohlakele kumatshini. Basebenza-nzima ngoko nangoko, bayarhabula, kwaye bayakuthanda ukuwelda kwisixhobo sokusika. Ukuba inkqubo yokuphosa yazisa nayiphi na i-micro-porosity okanye isakhiwo sengqolowa esingahambelaniyo, inkqubo yomatshini iya kuyifumana, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokukhupha i-$ 150 ifake i-ceramic. Indlela ehlanganisiweyo ivumela ukuphonononga impendulo. Oomatshini banokubuyela kwiqela le-Foundry kwaye bathi, Le bhetshi evela kumgodi wokungunda 'C' ibangela ukunxitywa kwesixhobo ngokugqithisileyo ekugqityweni kokugqiba, kwaye banokulungisa ubushushu bokugalela okanye uyilo lokungena. Ijika ingxaki esemgangathweni ibe lithuba lokuphucula inkqubo. Le synergy ibalulekile kwi ngokuchanekileyo ishishini lomatshini, ukanti idla ngokubingelelwa egameni lonikezelo lweentlobo ngeentlobo.
Ndikhumbula ityala elibandakanya ubuninzi benkqubo yoxinzelelo lwamanzi. Ushicilelo lubize uthungelwano oluntsonkothileyo lwamabhore anqumlanayo aneendawo zokufowuna eziqinileyo. Inxalenye yafika kuthi njengokuphoswa okugqityiweyo kumthengisi wangaphandle, i-iron ductile ekhangeleka kakuhle. Sichithe iintsuku kwiprogram yeCMM kunye nokulungiswa, kuphela ukulahla iindawo ezintathu zokuqala ngexesha lomatshini. Ingxaki? Undoqo wesanti yangaphakathi wawutshintshile kancinci, wenza ubukhulu bodonga kwelinye icala, kodwa kwelinye icala, lalingekho ngaphezu komgangatho womatshini wokugqiba. Ngelixa sasiyifumene ngexesha le-op ekruqulayo, sasisele sityale iiyure zexesha lomatshini. Umvelisi odibeneyo ebeya kubamba olo tshintsho lungundoqo ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwakhe kwangaphakathi ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba abethe itafile ye-CNC, egcina iindleko kunye neshedyuli.
I-Toolbox: I-CNC sisiQalo nje
Umatshini we-CNC lihashe lomsebenzi, ngokungathandabuzekiyo. Kodwa kumsebenzi ochanekileyo, umatshini ubiza kakhulu, isando esichanekileyo. Ubuchule bokwenyani kukuxhobisa, ukulungiswa, kunye nolandelelwano. Umzekelo, ukwenza utyalo-mali oluncinci lwentsimbi engenasici kwisixhobo sonyango. Indawo inokuba nodonga oluyi-1mm. Umceli mngeni asikokwenza umgudu; ibambe indawo ngaphandle kokuyityumza okanye ukuyivumela ukuba yenze isandi kwaye incokole. Sihlala siyila isixokelelwano sombingelelo esibeka kwindawo ethile kwiidatum ezithile, sixhasa ijometri yangaphakathi ngesihluzi esinokunyibilika okanye esinyibilikayo ngexesha lomatshini, emva koko sisuswe kwinkqubo yesibini. Imdaka, yongeza amanyathelo, kodwa kuphela kwendlela yokubamba ukunyamezela. Iinkampani eziye zahlala kwi ngokuchanekileyo ishishini lomatshini ixesha elide, njenge-QSY kunye nesithuba seminyaka elishumi elinesithathu, zineekhabhathi ezigcwele ezi zilungiso kunye nethala leengqondo lexesha lokusebenzisa indlela. Likomkhulu elingaphathekiyo elo.
Kuphinde kubekho umdaniso wezinto ezithile. Ukutshiza isibiyeli sentsimbi esisezantsi kubunjineli. Ukwenza i-nickel-based alloy casting kwisicelo sokushisa okuphezulu yi-alchemy. Ulinganisa isantya sokusika, isondlo, ubunzulu bokusikwa, kunye noxinzelelo lokupholisa hayi nje ukuphumeza umphezulu wokugqiba, kodwa ukulawula igalelo lobushushu kwindawo ukunqanda ukuthomalalisa uxinzelelo lobushushu okanye ukonyusa utyekelo lwemathiriyeli ekusebenzeni nzima. Iiparamitha onokuthi uzisebenzise kwiqabane lentsimbi ziya kutshabalalisa izixhobo kwaye zonakalise ingqibelelo engaphantsi komhlaba ye-nickel alloy. Apha kulapho uluhlu lwesakhono somatshini we-CNC jikelele kwiwebhusayithi luhlekwa khona. Owona mbuzo ngulo: athini amava akho kunye nosapho lwemathiriyeli kolu hlobo lwejometri? Ukujonga kugxininiso lwe-QSY kwii-alloys ezikhethekileyo, kucacile ukuba kufuneka baphuhlise le ncwadi yokudlala enzulu, engekho-standard. Asiyonto onokuyithenga ngomatshini omtsha; ihlawulelwa kwizinto ezilahliweyo kunye nezixhobo ezaphukileyo kwiminyaka.
Isoftware yenye umaleko. Ukucwangciswa kwe-CAM ye-complex, multi-axis machining ngaxeshanye kwi-contoured casting yindlela yobugcisa. Ayisiyonto nje yokuphepha ukungqubana. Kumalunga nokugcina unxibelelwano lwesixhobo oluthe gqolo ukunqanda utshintsho lomthwalo olukhawulezileyo oluphambukisa isixhobo, lushiya umgca wamangqina obonakalayo kwicala. Imalunga nokwenza ngcono indlela yesixhobo yokunciphisa ixesha lokusika umoya kwindawo apho isibonelelo sesitokhwe siyahluka kuba kukuphosa. Abona badwelisi benkqubo ababalaseleyo endibaziyo bacinga kwindawo ye-3D ngokwethuku kwaye banemvakalelo ye-kinematics yomatshini-bayazi ukuba ngenxa yokuba isoftware ithi isixhobo sinokufikelela epokothweni ayithethi ukuba kufuneka isondele ukusuka kuloo angle xa ucinga ukuqina komphathi wesixhobo esandisiweyo. Obu bulumko bokusebenza sisiseko sokuchaneka.
Ubunyani obuGritty: Ukunyamezela kunye neembandezelo
Wonke umntu uthanda ukuvakalisa amandla abo okunyamezela kwiwebhusayithi. Sibamba +/- 0.005mm! Ngokuqinisekileyo, kwindawo elawulwayo, ngosuku olugqibeleleyo, kunye nenxalenye enye, efanelekileyo. Ubunyani bemveliso buhlukile. Ukubamba indawo yokwenyani eyi-?0.05mm kwiseti yemingxuma enqumla kwifreyim yentsimbi eyi-500mm ubude, emva kokuthomalalisa uxinzelelo, ngumsebenzi omkhulu. Ibandakanya ukuqonda uxinezeleko olushiyekileyo ekujuleni, ukucwangcisa ulandelelwano lomatshini olususa imathiriyeli ngokulinganayo ukunqanda ukulwa, kwaye rhoqo, kubandakanya imilinganiselo yenkqubo yokulungelelanisa nakuphi na ukukhukuliseka. I ngokuchanekileyo ishishini lomatshini igcwele izidumbu zeeprojekthi ezithathe unyamezelo oluqhelekileyo ngokwexabiso ngaphandle kwesicwangciso sokwahluka.
Ubushushu ngumbulali othuleyo. Eso sakhiwo sentsimbi sinokulinganiswa ngokugqibeleleyo kwigumbi lokuhlola i-20 ° C. Kodwa ukuba yayinomatshini kwivenkile eyayiyi-28 ° C, kwaye inxalenye ngokwayo yayishushu ekusikeni, imilinganiselo yonke ayilunganga kwiqondo lokushisa lokubhekisela. Ukuchaneka kokwenyani, udinga ulawulo lokusingqongileyo, okanye kufuneka ubuyekeze. Ndifunde oku ngendlela enzima kwangethuba ngebhetshi yezindlu zealuminiyam. Bonke baluphumelela uhlolo lokugqibela kusasa. Emva kwemini, xa ivenkile ishushu, iCMM yabonisa ukuba isithukuthezi sinciphile kangangokuba singanyamezeleki. Amalungu ayengekatshintshi; indawo yethu yereferensi yaba nayo. Ngoku, kwiimpawu ezibalulekileyo, sinokulawula imozulu yonke inkqubo okanye sakhe izinto zembuyekezo ye-thermal kwi-offsets yethu-inkcukacha encinci kodwa ebalulekileyo yenkqubo.
Ukungaphumeleli ngutitshala ongcono kunayo nayiphi na incwadi. Sakhe saba nokubaleka kwemizimba yevalvu yentsimbi engatyiwayo apho sasifumana imiba yokugqiba umphezulu ngamaxesha athile kubuso obutywiniweyo-uhlobo lokukrazulwa kancinci. Sijonge yonke into: izixhobo, isantya, ukutya, ukugxila kokupholisa. Ingxaki yaqhubeka ngokungalindelekanga. Emva kweeveki, sayilandela emva kokungahambelani okufihlakeleyo kubulukhuni bokuphosa ukusuka kwibhetshi enye yezinto ezikrwada ukuya kwenye. Isisombululo besingekho kwiparameters zomatshini kuphela; yayikukuqinisa iimfuno zesiqinisekiso sezinto eziphathekayo kunye ne-Foundry kunye nokongeza uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lobunzima kwinxalenye yokuqala yebhetshi nganye yokuphosa. Olu hlobo lokusombulula iingxaki lungundoqo womsebenzi. Ngumsebenzi wabacuphi, hayi nje ukucofa amaqhosha.
I-Advanteji eDityanisiweyo: Ukuqukuqela okungenamthungo
Oku kundibuyisela kwixabiso lokudibanisa ngokuthe nkqo. Xa ujonga umda wenkampani njengoko kuchaziweyo https://www.tsingtaocnc.com yeQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., indibaniselwano yokubunjwa kweqokobhe, utyalo-mali, kunye nomatshini we-CNC ayiloluhlu lweenkonzo nje. Yifilosofi yemveliso ehambelanayo. Inkqubo yokungunda iqokobhe inokusetyenziselwa indlu enzima, elula yentsimbi edityanisiweyo apho ukubekwa phambili kumthamo kunye neendleko. Inkqubo yotyalo-mali itsalwa kwintsimbi entsonkothileyo, enodonga olucekethekileyo olungenasici okanye i-nickel alloy component apho ubume be-net-shape bubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa ixesha lomatshini elibiza imali eninzi kwizinto ezingaqhelekanga. Emva koko, isebe lomatshini le-CNC ligqiba umsebenzi ngokuqonda okunzulu kwe-genesis yokuphosa.
Ukuhamba kolwazi akunamthungo. Umatshini odibana nendawo enzima engalindelekanga unokuhamba aye kumphathi wesiseko. Injineli Foundry unokuhlala kunye nomdwelisi wenkqubo yeCAM ngexesha locwangciso lomsebenzi wokuqala ukukhomba, Singongeza ubambo lokuqinisa oluncinci apha kumngundo ukunciphisa incoko ngexesha lo msebenzi wokusila, ukuba inkqubo yakho inokwamkela ukuyishiya. Le ntsebenziswano yenzeka ngexesha lokwenyani, hayi ngaphezulu kweeveki zee-imeyile phakathi kweenkampani ezahlukeneyo ezinokubaluleka okungalunganga. Inciphisa kakhulu izinto ezingaziwayo ezithwaxa ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsonkothileyo.
Kumthengi, oku kuthetha inqaku elinye lokuphendula. Akukho mthengisi obeka ityala kwivenkile yomatshini ngokwenza ngaphezulu kodonga olucekethekileyo, kwaye akukho venkile yomatshini ebeka ityala kwi-Foundry ngokuphosa kakubi. Iqela elinye liphethe yonke inkqubo ukusuka kwisinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo ukuya kwindawo egqityiweyo, ehloliweyo. Olu lungelelwaniso luxabiseke kakhulu xa ujongene nexabiso eliphezulu, izixhobo ezinomthamo ophantsi we-aerospace, amandla, okanye usetyenziso lwezonyango apho ukusilela kungenakuzikhethela. I ngokuchanekileyo ishishini lomatshini lishishini ekugqibeleni. Uthemba umthengisi ngoyilo lwakho, ixesha lakho, kunye nodumo lwakho. Imodeli edibeneyo yakha ukuthembela kwisiseko esomeleleyo solawulo olukwabelwanayo kunye nokubonakala.
Ukukhangela Phambili: I-Element yoMntu iyanyamezela
Ngayo yonke intetho ye-Industry 4.0, AI, kunye neefektri ezicima izibane ngokupheleleyo, kulula ukucinga ukuba into yomntu kumatshini ochanekileyo iya iyancipha. Ngokombono wam, iyatshintsha nje. Umatshini unokubaleka ungajongwanga, kodwa umntu kusafuneka ayiyile isilungiso, acwangcise indlela yesixhobo eguqukayo, ahlalutye idatha ye-CMM yangemva kwenkqubo, kwaye axilonge ukungcangcazela okungaqhelekanga ngexesha lokudlula okurhabaxa. Oko kufuna isigwebo, amava, kunye nohlobo lwe-tactile intuition ongenakukwazi ukuyibhala kwisoftware. Igqala lomatshini elikwaziyo ukumamela isandi sokusikwa kwaye yazi ukuba i-insert iyaqala ukuba buthuntu iseyi-asethi exabisekileyo.
Ikamva, kwiivenkile ezifuna ukuhlala kumdlalo wokuchaneka okuphezulu, malunga nokutshata loo buchule bomntu kunye nokulandeleka kwedijithali. Imalunga nokubamba nje unyamezelo, kodwa ukwazi ukungqina ukuba uyibambe njani na, ngedatha evela kwinkqubo yokuphosa (i-temp, isantya sokupholisa) yonke indlela ukuya kuhlalutyo lokugqibela lokungcangcazela. Le ndlela yokusetyenziswa kwedatha ivumela ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo. Ukuba ulawula zombini ukuphosa kunye nomatshini, uneseti yedatha epheleleyo oza kusebenza nayo, eyinzuzo enamandla yokuphucula inkqubo kunye nokuqinisekiswa komgangatho.
Ngoko ke, xa uvavanya i ngokuchanekileyo ishishini lomatshini, jonga ngaphaya kweempawu zoomatshini kunye nezatifikethi ze-ISO. Khangela ubunzulu bamava akhethekileyo kwizinto eziphathekayo, ubungqina bokusombulula iingxaki ezidibeneyo, kunye nenkcubeko yobugcisa obuthatha umzobo ngamnye njengephazili ukuba isonjululwe, kungekhona nje umyalelo wokuzaliseka. Kukwiinkcukacha zegritty yokulungiswa, kwi-feedback loop phakathi kweziko kunye nomlawuli we-CNC, kunye nezifundo ezizuzwe nzima kwiintsilelo zangaphambili ukuba ukuchaneka kokwenyani kuyenziwa. Lowo ngumahluko phakathi komthengisi kunye neqabane. Okunye kukususwa kwentsimbi kuphela.
