Xa usithi 'intsimbi yentsimbi engenasici', abantu abaninzi abathengayo bacinga ngento yorhwebo. Jonga umgangatho we-ASTM A182, fanisa umlinganiselo woxinzelelo, ubeke umyalelo. Ugqibile. Kodwa kulapho uqhagamshelo lokuqala lwenzeka khona. Iphepha elithile likuxelela ukuba kufanele libe yintoni, hayi ukuba liyintoni emva kokuba litshintshwe, okanye okubi ngakumbi, emva kokuba likwinkonzo iinyanga ezintandathu kwindawo etyebileyo ngechloride. Ukuqonda okwenyani kuqala xa ubonile i-316L flange, ekucingelwa ukuba igqibelele ephepheni, iphuhlisa ukonakala koxinzelelo kwimingxuma yebholiti kuba ivenkile yomatshini isebenzisa isixhobo esifanayo ebesisetyenziselwe intsimbi yekhabhoni, sazisa ungcoliseko. Eso sikhewu ekungekho PDF inokusivala.
Intsomi Material kunye Machining Reality
Masithethe ngamabanga. 304, 316, 316L, 904L, Duplex 2205. Wonke umntu uphosa la manani ngeenxa zonke. Umngxunya oqhelekileyo kucinga ukuba 316 'ngcono' kune 304. Iyakwazi ukumelana nomhlwa, ewe, kodwa iphinde ibe tricker kumatshini. Isebenza-nzima ngathi uyaphambana. Ndibone oomatshini abangenamava besonakalisa ibhetshi yenkohliso intsimbi engenasici iindawo ezingenanto ngenxa yokuba basebenzise ireyithi yesondlo engalunganga, besenza umaleko oqinileyo owenze ukuba i-gasket yokuhlalisa ubuso obulandelayo ingabinakwenzeka. Inxalenye yayigqibelele ngokomlinganiselo, kodwa iyasebenza.
Apha kulapho ubambiswano kunye ne-Foundry ekwaphatha umatshini ngaphakathi endlwini, njenge-QSY ngapha tsngtaocnc.com, yenza umahluko obonakalayo. Sele bekule minyaka ingamashumi amathathu, ngoko ke inkqubo yabo ayifakwanga. Umfo oqhuba i-CNC uyasazi ubume benkozo obuvela kutyalo-mali lwabo okanye inkqubo yokubumba iqokobhe. Uyazi ukuba kwiflange yoxinzelelo oluphezulu olubalulekileyo, kunokufuneka ulungelelanise ulandelelwano lomatshini lwe-Duplex alloy ngokuchasene nomgangatho we-316L ukugcina ibhalansi yesigaba kunye neempawu zokubola. Olo lwazi olufihlakeleyo ongalufumaniyo kwivenkile yomsebenzi ethenga nje isitokhwe sebha ekrwada.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yomgca wokupholisa amanzi olwandle. Inkcazo yayiyi-ASTM A182 F316L. Sithathe iiflange kumthengisi wegeneric. Baziphumelele zonke iitshekhi ze-MTR. Ukanti, kwisithuba esingangonyaka, saba neentlungu ebusweni. Uhlalutyo lokungaphumeleli lubhekiselele kwi-microscopic inclusions-imiqondiso yentsimbi yamahhala-enokuthi ifakwe ngexesha lokupholisa kokugqibela. Inkqubo yomboneleli ayizange ilawulwe ungcoliseko olunqamlezayo. Yayisisifundo esibuhlungu ukuba umnombo wezinto eziphathekayo ulungile kuphela njengenkqubo yokugqibela eyadlula kuyo.
UQhagamshelwano Ingqibelelo: Ikwiinkcukacha
Ubuso beflange bugqiba. RF, FF, RTJ. Umgangatho we-ASME B16.5 ukunika uluhlu lweRa (umndilili woburhabaxa) kubuso obuphakanyisiweyo, ngokuqhelekileyo i-125 ukuya ku-250 μin Ra. Kodwa ukubetha inombolo ayiyonjongo. Injongo kukwenza umphezulu wokutywina ongenayo inyongo phantsi kwe-torque ye-bolt kwaye ivumela i-gasket ukuba ihambe kakuhle. Ugudile kakhulu, kwaye usengozini yokutyibilika; rhabaxa kakhulu, kwaye uhlafuna iigaskets ezithambileyo. Kuye kwafuneka ndisebenzise iprofilometer ephathwayo kwisiza ukubonisa umxhasi ukuba umba wabo wokuvuza uvela kubuso bokugqiba isipili obungaphandle, hayi kwi-gasket yethu.
Ulungelelwaniso lwebholithi yomngxuma. Ivakala ingenamsebenzi, akunjalo? Kodwa nge-diameters ezinkulu, yithi i-24-inch Class Class 150 intsimbi engenasici, Ukwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye ne-machining tolerance stacking inokukuluma. Ukuba imingxuma yebholithi yombiwe ngeflange ilele tyaba, kodwa idityaniswe kumbhobho othe nkqo, ubunzima bunokubangela ukugqwetheka okuncinci. Ugqibela ngeebholiti ezingayi kutyibilika ngokukhululekileyo. Ukulungiswa? Ngamanye amaxesha ichaza ukuba imingxuma yebholiti iphelile emva kokuba i-welding pad incanyathiselwe, okanye ubuncinci ukuqinisekisa ukuba umenzi wokwenza izinto usebenzisa ijig efanisa ukuqhelaniswa okufakiweyo. Ngolu lawulo lwenkqubo luncinci olwahlula ufakelo olugudileyo kwiphupha elibi lokusebenza kwakhona endle.
Ke kukho intamo ye-weld ngokuchasene nengxoxo-mpikiswano. Kwimithwalo eguqukayo okanye amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, intamo ye-weld iyinkosi. I-tapered hub transition isasaza uxinzelelo. Kodwa ndibone i-slip-on flanges ekhankanyiweyo yokongiwa kweendleko kumgca womphunga, kuphela ukuba ne-fillet yeld kwi-hub-to-pipe junction crack from thermal cycling. Ukongiwa kweendleko zokuqala kwacinywa amaxesha alishumi ngokucinywa nokulungiswa. Ukhetho alukho malunga nomgangatho woxinzelelo; imalunga nobuntu benkqubo-indlela eshushu ngayo, iphola, ingcangcazela.
Ukuphosa vs. Ukwenziwa: Ukukhetha ngokomo
Ukungagqibeki koshishino lwenkonzo ebalulekileyo ziiflange zomgunyathi. Ukuhamba ngcono okuziinkozo, ukomelela okuphezulu, iziphene ezinokwenzeka ezimbalwa. Lukhetho olukhuselekileyo. Kodwa kuhlengahlengiso oluntsonkothileyo, lwevolumu ephantsi, okanye ubungakanani obukhulu, ukuphoswa komgangatho ophezulu yindlela esebenzayo kwaye ihlala inoqoqosho ngakumbi. Undoqo 'luphezulu umgangatho'. Iqokobhe lokungunda elivela kwingcali efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY) ingafikelela ingxinano kunye neepropathi zoomatshini ezihlangabezana nemigangatho engumgunyathi kwizicelo ezininzi, ngakumbi xa ujongana ne-alloys esekwe kwi-nickel engaqhelekanga eyiphupha elibi ukwenza imiyinge emincinci.
Sisebenzise ezinye iiflange ze-310S zotyalo-mali kwi-high-temperature applications kwithuba elithile emva. Ijometri yayinomlebe okhusela ubushushu onokuthi ubize kakhulu umatshini owenziweyo. Ukuphosa, okulandelwa bubuchwephesha be-CNC obuchanekileyo bomphezulu wokutywina kunye nemingxuma yebholiti, yayigqibelele. Isifundo apha asikuko ukukukhaba ngawo omane ukuphosa. Imalunga nokwazi isakhono se-Foundry. Imbali yabo yeminyaka engama-30 kubumba lweqokobhe kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali, njengoko kuphawuliwe kwindawo yabo, icebisa ukuba bayilungisile imiba yokuncipha kunye ne-porosity enika igama elibi.
Apho ndisafuna ukunyanzelisa ukubunjwa kukulayishwa komjikelo oqatha. Cinga imigqomo yokunkqonkqoza okanye iintloko zempompo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu. I-isotropy yecandelo elibunjiweyo libonelela ngomda wokhuseleko ekunzima ukuphikisana nawo. Kodwa nangona kunjalo, ukubunjwa kufuna unyango olufanelekileyo lobushushu. I-F51 Duplex flange engesosisombululo-esele ifakiwe kwaye yacinywa ngokuchanekileyo iya kuba nokumelana nomhlwa, nokuba yenziwe njani na.
IPragmatism yeKhonkco loNikezo
Amaxesha okukhokela. Wonke umntu ufuna yonke into izolo. I-flange ye-stainless eyakhiweyo evela kwi-mill enkulu ingaba nexesha le-20 leeveki. Kulapho umenzi oguquguqukayo oneenkqubo ezidibeneyo angenza indlela emfutshane. Ukuba banakho ukuvelisa umzimba we-flange ngokuphosa kwaye emva koko bayimatshini yonke phantsi kophahla olunye, njengoko i-QSY isenza, ngamanye amaxesha unokucheba iiveki ngaphandle kweshedyuli. Ayikokusika iikona; imalunga nenkqubo yokudibanisa ukuphelisa amaxesha emigca phakathi kwabathengisi abohlukeneyo.
Ukulandeleka akuxoxiswana. Amanani obushushu, i-PMI (i-Positive Material Identification) iingxelo, izatifikethi zokuhlola. Kodwa ngaphaya kwamaphepha, kukho ukulandeleka ngokomzimba. Ndiyababulela ababoneleli abathi, njengokuba kunjalo, babhale kancinci ibakala lemathiriyeli kunye nenombolo yobushushu kwihabhu yeflange. Yinto encinci, kodwa xa usenza uphicotho kwiminyaka elishumi kamva, olo phawu lusisigxina luxabiseke ngaphezu kwePDF efayiliweyo. Ibonisa isimo sengqondo esiqondayo umjikelo wobomi bemveliso.
Ekugqibeleni, 'ukulingana' nomenzi. Ukuthumela umatshini ogqibeleleyo, ochanekileyo intsimbi engenasici kumbhobho we-spool fabricator oyibambela kwi-carbon steel vise okanye osebenzisa ivili eliqhumayo ebusweni yiresiphi yentliziyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, eyona nkonzo ixabisekileyo umthengisi weflange unikezela ngemfundo esisiseko-iindawo zokuthumela ezineengubo ezikhuselayo ebusweni, kubandakanya nemiyalelo yokuphatha, kwanokubonelela ngoqeqesho kwisiza. Ijika intengiselwano ibe yintsebenziswano eqinisekisa ukuba icandelo lisebenza njengoko liyilwe.
Ukuyisonga: Izinto ezingabonakaliyo
Ngoko, uthenga ntoni ngokwenene? Awuthengi i-hunk yentsimbi emile. Uthenga ingqibelelo ene-dimensional, i-metallurgical consistency, imeko yomphezulu, kwaye ekugqibeleni, isiqinisekiso soqhagamshelwano lwemfezeko phantsi kweemeko ezithile zenkonzo. Umahluko wamaxabiso phakathi kwabathengisi udla ngokubilisa ukuya kuthi ga kwisiqinisekiso esibhakiweyo kwelo xabiso. Inketho engabizi kakhulu ayikhange ithintele izinto; basenokuba banqumle iikona kulawulo lwenkqubo, amanyathelo okuhlola, okanye ukuphatha.
Xa sijonga emva kwiintsilelo, azifane zibe ngenxa yendlela engafanelekanga yokubalwa koxinzelelo. Zibangelwa kukuqokelelwa kwezinto ezinxaxhileyo ezincinci: ukwakheka kancinci kwikhemikhali eyehlisa ukuxhathisa kwe-CREP, i-machining burr esika i-gasket, indawo engcolisekileyo eqalisa ukugoba. Ukulawula oku kunxaxha yinto oyihlawulayo.
Indibuyisela kubavelisi abadibeneyo. Xa iziko elifanayo lilawula inkqubo ukusuka ekubumbeni okanye ukuphosa ukuya kwi-CNC yokugqibela, kukho umgca othe ngqo wokuphendula. Ingxelo yengxelo imfutshane. Ukuba umba wobuchwephesha ulandwa umva kwimpazamo yokuphosa, eso sifundo sibuyela ngqo kwisiseko. Olu luhlobo lwenkqubo yomgangatho ovaliweyo othi, ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30, yakhe ubuchule bokwenza into elula. intsimbi engenasici ngokuthembekileyo ayinakwenzeka. Kwaye kweli shishini, ukungalingani yeyona nto iphezulu yokuncoma.
