Masicace: ukwenziwa komatshini ngokuchanekileyo ayilonyathelo lesibini; kulapho isithembiso senkqubo yokuphosa sizaliseka okanye siphulwe. Amaphepha amaninzi kakhulu ayithatha njengengcamango yamva, ibhokisi yokuphawula. Inyani yeyokuba, ukuba utyalo-mali oluhle oluphuma kwiqokobhe luhlala lungenanto echanekileyo. Ijiyometri yokwenyani, unyamezelo olubalulekileyo ngaphakathi kweemicrons ezimbalwa, umphezulu ogqibeleleyo odibana nelinye icandelo-yonke loo nto izalwe kumgangatho womatshini. Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi kakhulu zikhubeka ngokuphatha ukuphosa kunye nomatshini njenge-silos ezahlukeneyo. Abafana kwisithando somlilo kunye nabafana kwi-CNCs kufuneka babe kwincoko efanayo ukususela ngosuku lokuqala.
IHandoff engenakuthintelwa: Ukusuka kwiMilo yeCast ukuya kwiNdawo eMachithiweyo
Ufumana ukuhanjiswa okunikezelweyo, mhlawumbi indlu yempompo kwi-316 engenastainless kwinkqubo yotyalo-mali. Ikhangeleka igqibelele. Kodwa umzuzwana uyibeka kwi-CMM, ibali liyatshintsha. Imiphezulu yedatha ayisicaba okanye ayihambelani ngokwaneleyo ukuba ibe yireferensi yakho yomatshini. Amabhobho angaphantsi kwaye awagxininisi. Oku kuqhelekile. Yiyo loo nto kukho oomatshini. Ubuchule bokwenyani kwi ngokuchanekileyo ukuphosa oomatshini iqala ngolungiselelo lokuqala. Awusebenzi kwi-billet; usebenza kwimilo ekufutshane nenetha enoxinzelelo lwayo lwangaphakathi kunye nokuphazamiseka okufihlakeleyo kwinkqubo yokupholisa. Isicwangciso sakho sokulungisa kufuneka sikuvume oko. Yibambe ngokungalunganga, kwaye uya kuyenza, emva koko ujonge ukunyamezela ukukhukuliseka emva kokuba ukhulule.
Ndikhumbula umzimba wevalvu yesicelo se-subsea, isiqwenga se-nickel-based alloy. Ukusaswa okuvela kwi-Foundry kwakuvakala, akukho shrinkage porosity, yadlula i-X-reyi. Kodwa inzame yethu yokuqala yobuchwephesha kubuso obuphambili bokutywinwa ibangele incoko embi kakhulu. Siyilandele emva kobunzima bodonga obungahambelaniyo emva kobuso, intsalela yesiseko se-ceramic ekubunjweni. Ukusaswa kwakuza kushicilelwa, kodwa ushicilelo aluzange luchaze ukungcangcazela kwendawo ngexesha lomatshini. Kwafuneka siyiyile ngokutsha indlela yesixhobo, sisebenzisa ipasi elilula kakhulu lokugqiba kunokuba besiya kwenza kwindawo engenanto. Olu luhlobo lolwazi olucekethekileyo olufumana kuphela ekwenzeni oku, ekuboneni indlela imbali efihliweyo yokuphosa edibana ngayo nomsiki.
Apha kulapho amava evenkile abalulekile. Inkampani efana ne-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kunye neminyaka engamashumi amathathu kwi-casting kunye ne-machining, ifumana le ntsebenziswano. Ungayibona kwindawo yabo kuyo https://www.tsingtaocnc.com. Abayiyo nje i-Foundry ukuba i-subcontracts machining, okanye ivenkile yomatshini ethenga i-castings. Ukuphatha ikhonkco lonke phantsi kophahla olunye kuthetha ukuba iqela labachwephesha lingabuyela kwiqela eliphosayo kwaye lithi, Bona olu donga lubhityileyo? Ngaba sinokongeza idrafti encinci okanye i-rib yokuqinisa kwi-mold ukubulala i-harmonic ngexesha lokusebenza okukruqulayo? Lolophu lwempendulo luxabisekile.
Izinto eziphathekayo yiBoss: Ukucupha Yintoni iNkqubo yokuCasa ikunika yona
Ukusebenza ngezinto eziphosiweyo, ngakumbi ii-alloys ezikhethekileyo zoluhlu lwe-QSY njenge-cobalt kunye ne-nickel-based based, lirhamncwa elahlukileyo kune-machining bar stock yebakala elifanayo legama. I-microstructure yahlukile. Inkqubo yokuphosa utyalo-mali inokudala i-grainte, i-grain efanayo, ilungile kwiipropati, kodwa inokwenza izinto ezinqabileyo okanye i-gummy ngokuxhomekeke kunyango lobushushu. Awungekhe utsale nje umxhesho oqhelekileyo/itshathi yesantya ye-Inconel 718 kwaye ulindele ukuba isebenze kwisiqwenga sokuphoswa. Ukubandakanywa, ulwahlulo oluncinci-lukhona.
Sifunde oku ngendlela enzima ngebhetshi ye-cobalt-chrome castings yokufakelwa kwezonyango. Izinto ezazisetyenziswa zazinzima kakhulu kwizixhobo zokusebenza. Sazitshisa izingqusho ngesantya esothusayo de sasebenzisana nemetallurgist kwicala le-foundry. Umba wawulizinga lokupholisa elisuka kwinkqubo yokugalela, eyadala uthungelwano lweekhabhide eziqine kakhulu kwimida yeenkozo. Izixhobo zethu ezisemgangathweni ze-carbide zaziqhekeza. Isisombululo ibingezozantya ezicothayo nje; yayitshintshela kwibakala elahlukileyo lesixhobo sokusika i-substrate ngokupheleleyo, enye eyenzelwe ukusikwa okuphazanyiswayo kwizinto ezirhabaxa. Ingongoma kukuba, iiparamitha zoomatshini zilawulwa yimbali yentsimbi yokuphosa.
Oku kusebenza nakwizinto eziqhelekileyo. Intsimbi yentsimbi, umzekelo. Oomatshini bokuphosa bekhwalithi elungileyo, kodwa ukuba ubuqhetseba bucimile, ufumana i-gummy, ukukrazula ukusika okutshabalalisa umphezulu kwaye kutshabalalise ubomi besixhobo. Iprothokholi yomatshini elungileyo yokuphosa ibandakanya inyathelo lokuqinisekisa izinto, ngokuqhelekileyo i-spectrograph ekhawulezayo okanye uvavanyo lobunzima kwimbaleki, ngaphambi kokuba umjikelo we-CNC obiza kakhulu uqale. Yindawo yokukhangela engaxoxisiyo.
I-Datum Hunting: I-First and Most Critical Cut
Lo isenokuba ngowona mba ungaxoxwa kakhulu ngawo ngokuchanekileyo ukuphosa oomatshini. Ukuseka ii-datum zakho eziphambili kwi-casting eluhlaza bubugcisa. Awukwazi ukucinga nantoni na. Le flange ebonakala ngathi ithe tyaba? Mhlawumbi igobile. Ezo lugs zimbini zenzelwe ukulungelelaniswa? Azihambelani ngokugqibeleleyo. Kuya kufuneka ufumane indawo kwinkqubo yolungelelwaniso yomatshini ngendlela yokunciphisa ubungakanani bezinto ozifunayo ukuze uzisuse ukuze udale iidatum zakho eziyinyani, ezinomatshini.
Sihlala sisebenzisa inkqubo yokuvavanya kwi-CNC ukwenza imephu yeendawo eziphambili phambi kokusikwa kokuqala. Lixesha kumatshini, kodwa ligcina inkunkuma. Uvumela inkqubo ifumane eyona nqwelo-moya ifanelekileyo okanye umbindi wombhobho orhabaxa, kwaye emva koko itshintshe inkqubo yolungelelwaniso ngokufanelekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, kwiindawo ezichaneke kakhulu, siya kwenza isiqabu soxinzelelo sangaphambi komatshini. Thatha isisikeko esikhanyayo ukwenza idatum yethutyana, emva koko uthumele indawo kwibhayisekile eshushu ukuyiphumza, emva koko uyibuyise kwaye umise kwakhona idatum ukusuka kumphezulu womatshini. Yintlungu, kodwa kumalungu abambe ukunyamezelana ngaphantsi kwe-0.02mm, ihlala ikuphela kwendlela.
Ndibone izisombululo ezilula, eziqaqambileyo nazo. Kwintsapho yee-impellers zensimbi, i-Foundry (iqabane elifana ne-QSY kwindlela yabo edibeneyo) yaqala ukuphosa kwiipads ezincinci, eziphakanyisiweyo kwiindawo ezingabalulekanga. Ezi pads ziyilelwe ukuba zihambelane ngokugqibeleleyo kubumba. Umsebenzi wethu wokuqala yayikukujongana nomatshini wokungqusha ezi pads zintathu ukwenza ilitye eliqinileyo, into yokuxhoma kinematic kuyo yonke imisebenzi elandelayo. Yayilutshintsho loyilo lwentsebenziswano olwagcina iiyure zokuseta kunye nexesha lokuhlola. Nantso i-synergy oyifunayo.
Xa izinto zingahambi kakuhle: i-Porosity, i-Shifts, kunye ne-Salvage Ops
Ayiyiyo yonke into ephosiweyo. Umgangatho womatshini lisango lokugqibela lomgangatho. Uzakuthatha usike kwaye ngequbuliso ubone umngxuma omncinci we-porosity uvela. Umbuzo usoloko: ngaba iyamkeleka? Ngokomgangatho we-ASTM, mhlawumbi. Ngomsebenzi wenxalenye? Leyo ngumnxeba wokugweba wobunjineli. Ngamanye amaxesha ungadibanisa. Ngamanye amaxesha, ikwindawo ebaluleke kakhulu yokutywina, kwaye inxalenye iyisilaphu. Ukuba nomatshini ongaphakathi endlini kuthetha ukuba esi sigqibo sinokwenziwa ngemizuzu, kunye nenjineli yokuphosa kanye apho ukuyihlola, kunokuba kwiiveki nge-imeyile kumazwekazi onke.
Enye ingxaki efihlakeleyo kukutshintsha okungundoqo. Undoqo weceramic wangaphakathi uhamba kancinci ngexesha lokugalela, okwenza iindonga zibe mncinci kwelinye icala kunokuba ziyilelwe. Ufumanisa oku xa usenza isithukuthezi kwaye ugqobhoze ngokungalindelekanga. Akukho salvage kuloo nto. Ukulungiswa kuphela kulawulo olungcono lwenkqubo kwi-Foundry. Oku kwakhona apho umsebenzi odibeneyo ubonisa ixabiso layo. Iqela lomatshini libonelela ngokukhawuleza, impendulo yomzimba-Sibe ne-blow-through kwi-batch XYZ kwi-flange ephantsi-kwaye iqela eliphosayo lingabuyela umva kwaye lijonge inkqubo yalo yokumisela i-core ye-mold. Ivala i-loop ngokukhawuleza.
Sakhe saba nezindlu ezinkulu zentsimbi engenakutyiwa apho indawo nganye yayibonisa ubume obuncinci kwindawo enye emva kokugqiba. Yayiyinto yokuthambisa, kodwa umxhasi akazange ayamkele. Esikhundleni sokuzitshitshisa, sasebenza kunye nengcali ye-welding enokwenza ukulungiswa kwe-micro-TIG, emva koko siphinde sisebenzise indawo yendawo. Yayibiza imali eninzi ngokutsha, kodwa loo malungu agcina amalungu. Isifundo yayikukunyenyisa uyilo lwesikhuphukeli ekufakweni kweeodolo zexesha elizayo. Inkqubo yomatshini yafumanisa impazamo yokuphosa, kwaye isisombululo saphunyezwa phezulu.
Umgca wokuGqibela: Ngaphezulu nje kweRa
Umphezulu ogqityiweyo kumatshini wokuphosa awukho malunga nenani likaRa. Imalunga nokuthembeka komphezulu. Kumalungu aphantsi kokudinwa, njengamacandelwana ei-injini yomoya okanye izixhobo zegiya yokumisa, inkqubo yomatshini mayingenzi iintanda ezincinci okanye uxinzelelo. Oku kuhlala kuthetha ukulawulwa, ukupasa kokugqiba okuthambileyo, ngamanye amaxesha kulandelwa ziinkqubo ezifana nokukroba okanye ukuhonga. Ulusu lwe-as-cast luhlala lususwa ngokupheleleyo kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ngenxa yokuba lunokuba ne-oxidation encinci okanye inclusions.
Emva koko kukho uzinzo lwe-dimensional. Ukuphosa okukhulu, okuntsokothileyo komatshini kwicala elinye kunokujika njengoko ukhulula uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi ngokususa izinto. Ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka umatshini ngezigaba, ujike inxalenye kwaye ususe izinto eziphathekayo ngokulinganayo ukulungelelanisa ukukhululwa koxinzelelo. Ngumdaniso. Awuyi kusika nje ukumila; ulawula imeko yoxinzelelo lwenxalenye kuyo yonke le nkqubo. Ndikhumbula ityala elikhulu legiya apho kuye kwafuneka ukuba senze umatshini orhabaxa yonke into, siyithumele kuxinzelelo lokungcangcazela, emva koko sibuye kumatshini wokugqiba. Ukutsiba elo nyathelo bekuya kubangela ukuba iinxalenye ziphume ngaphandle kokunyamezelana entsimini.
Ekugqibeleni, ngokuchanekileyo ukuphosa oomatshini yibhulorho phakathi kwesakhono kunye necandelo elisebenzayo. Ifuna ukuhlonelwa kwenkqubo yokuphosa efike ngaphambi kwayo. Ayingomsebenzi omiselweyo, ozenzekelayo. Ifuna isigwebo, amava, kwaye rhoqo, umgca othe ngqo obuyela kumgangatho wesiseko. Ukujonga amandla enkampani, ufuna ukubona ukuba bayayiqonda le nto iqhubekayo, ukusuka kwi-alloy etyhidiweyo ukuya kumda wokugqibela ogqityiweyo. Yiloo nto ejika i-net-shape ekufutshane ibe yinxalenye yempumelelo yomnatha.
