Xa usiva 'umvelisi wamalungu achanekileyo', iingqondo ezininzi zitsibela ngqo kunyamezelo kunye neecerts eziphathekayo. Nantso isiseko, itikiti lomdlalo. Ibali lokwenyani, elihlula umthengisi osebenzayo kwiqabane lokwenene, lenzeka kwiindawo ezingwevu phakathi kwaloo manani-ekutolikweni kwenqaku lomzobo, ukuphathwa kwe-design ambiguity, okanye isigqibo sokubiza umxhasi kwi-2 AM ngenxa yokuba ibhetshi yesithando somlilo ibonakala ingekho umbala. Asikokwenza nje inxaxheba; imalunga nokuqonda uxinzelelo olungathethwayo oluya kuluthwala.
Umdlalo weShell: Ngakumbi kuneMngundo nje
I-Shell mold casting ibekwe njengendawo ephakathi enexabiso eliphakathi, kwaye kunjalo, kodwa loo nto ithengisa i-nuance yayo. Umxube wesanti yesilika kunye nentlaka—'iqokobhe'—ukungaguquguquki kwayo yinto yonke. I-brittle kakhulu, kwaye ufumana i-inclusions okanye i-mold cracks ngexesha lokuthulula. Ibhetyebhetye kakhulu, kwaye uzinzo lwe-dimensional luphuma ngefestile. Sifunde oku kwangoko ngebhetshi yezindlu zempompo zomthengi. Amalungu aphumelele uvavanyo lokuqala lwe-dimensional kodwa aluphumelelanga uvavanyo loxinzelelo kwindawo yomthengi. Umoni? Ukhukuliseko lwesanti oluyiMikroskopu kwinkqubo yembaleki esingakhange siyiphendule, nto leyo ethe yatshintsha ukuhamba kombane ngokwaneleyo ukudala isiphithiphithi kunye ne-porosity kumacandelo abalulekileyo. Iphepha elithile lithe 'iqokobhe lokungunda,' kodwa ukusilela kuthe asikuqondi ukuguquguquka kolwelo lwenkqubo yethu yaloo jiyometri.
Kulapho ifika khona iminyaka engama-30, njengakwindawo enje Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Elo lungelo alilonani nje; lithala leencwadi zokungaphumeleli ezincinci kunye nezilungiso. Kuthetha ukuba babonile ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kumxube weqokobhe kukufuma okuphezulu ngokuchasene nemozulu eyomileyo, kwaye bahlengahlengise imijikelo yobushushu bangaphambili ngokufanelekileyo. Lulwazi lwezizwe olungaphumeleliyo kwincwadana yokuthengisa.
Ukuphosa utyalo-mali, okanye i-wax elahlekileyo, yenye intsika. Umtsalane ukufutshane ne-net-shape complexity, kodwa umgibe ucinga ukuba zonke izinto ezinzima ziyalingana. I-flange encinci, eyandisiweyo kunye ne-hub eshinyeneyo, e-chunky kwindawo efanayo iya kuphola ngamaxabiso ahlukeneyo. Unokuba nenaliti egqibeleleyo yewax kunye neqokobhe leceramic ecocekileyo, kodwa ukuba ukulinganisa ukuqinisa kucinyiwe okanye kungahoywa, uyangcakaza. Sakha sagalela ibhetshi entle yee-impellers zentsimbi, kuphela safumana iintanda zeenwele kwiincakuba emva konyango lobushushu. Uxinzelelo lwaluvalelwe ngexesha lokupholisa; isisombululo yayingeyonto ingcono, kodwa ukuyilwa ngokutsha kwenkqubo yokugawula ukulawula ukuthambeka kwe-thermal, into eyayifuna ukuhlala phantsi nenjineli yomxhasi kunye ne-hashing out a compromise.
IMaze yeMathiriyeli: I-alloys ayidalwanga ngokulinganayo
Intsimbi engenasici. Ivakala ngokuthe ngqo. Kodwa i-304L xa ithelekiswa ne-316L yesicelo saselwandle? Lubizo olucacileyo olo. Olona lonwabo luqala 'ngeengxubevange ezikhethekileyo'-ezenziwe nge-nickel kunye ne-cobalt. Ezi zidla ngokuchazwa kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo: ukushisa okuphezulu, ukubola, ukunxiba. Ukubamba kukuba, ukuziphatha kwabo ngexesha lokuphosa akukho nto ngaphandle komgangatho. Zineendawo eziphezulu zokunyibilika, iimpawu ezihlukeneyo zokushwabana, kwaye zinokuba novelwano ekulandeleni izinto.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi ebandakanya i-cobalt-based alloy yepleyiti yokunxiba. Ikhemistri yayiza kucacisa, oomatshini bavavanywa kakuhle kumakhuphoni. Kodwa ebaleni, inxalenye yayinxibe ngokungalinganiyo. Emva kobuninzi bentloko kunye nohlalutyo lwe-metallurgical, kwavela ukuba umcimbi wawukusasazwa kwe-carbide. Izinga lokupholisa esilisebenzisileyo, eliqhelekileyo kwintsimbi yesixhobo, lalingekho ngokufanelekileyo ekukhuthazeni iyunifomu, inethiwekhi ye-carbide efanelekileyo kule ngxube ye-cobalt. Kwafuneka siphuhlise iprotocol yokupholisa elungiselelweyo, phantse irejimeni yonyango lobushushu emva kokuphoswa, ukufumana i-microstructure echanekileyo. Umzobo womthengi uthe nje i-Co-Cr-W ingxubevange, ASTM XXXX. Inyaniso yokwenziwa kwemveliso yayiluvavanyo lwenkqubo yeeveki ezimbini.
Apha kulapho umnombo wezinto zomenzi ubalulekile. Ivenkile ethi ewe, senza i-nickel alloys yahlukile kuleyo inikezele ngeelinen zesithando somlilo kunye ne-thermocouple setups kubo, ukuthintela ukungcoliseka. Kukwiinkcukacha zabo CNC Machining inkqubo, kakhulu. Ukwenza intsimbi eqinileyo yokugalela yinto enye; ukusika ingxubevange ye-nickel yokuqina kwemvula kufuna izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zejometri, ukutya, kunye nezantya ukunqanda ukwenza lukhuni umphezulu kwimo engenakulinganiswa.
I-CNC: Apho i-Casting idibana nehlabathi
Esi sisigaba sokwenza okanye sokuqhawula. Ungagalela ukuphosa okugqibeleleyo, kodwa ukuba umatshini awudityaniswanga kucwangciso kwasekuqaleni, utshonile. Imalunga nokukhethwa kwedatha, isibonelelo sesitokhwe, kunye nokuqonda 'ubuntu' bokuphosa.
Umgibe oqhelekileyo kukuphatha ukuphosa njengebloko efanayo yesitokhwe. Ayiyo. Kusenokubakho i-porosity encinci ngezantsi kwesikhumba kwindawo enye, okanye ipateni eshiyekileyo yoxinzelelo olusuka ekupholiseni. Ukusikwa kokuqala okunzima, okunobundlongondlongo kwindawo engafanelekanga kunokuphazamisa inxalenye okanye kukrazule izinto. Sakha umzimba omkhulu wevalvu kanye, intsimbi yokuphosa. Utyando lokuqala yayikukujongana neflange exhonywayo. Kamsinya nje sakuba siyikhulule ingcinezelo yokucinezela, inxalenye yagoba. Ukukhululeka koxinzelelo ekususeni olo lusu lwangaphezulu kwavumela ukuba uxinzelelo olufihlakeleyo lusasazeke kwakhona. Kuye kwafuneka ukuba siphinde silandelelanise imisebenzi, sithatha i-lighter, i-balance cuts ngokuthe ngcembe ukuzisa inxalenye ekuzinzeni.
Ngenkonzo epheleleyo umenzi wamacandelo achanekileyo, umatshini awuyongxaki yekontraki engaphantsi; luqhubekeko lwenkqubo yokuphosa. Kwi-QSY, umzekelo, ukuba nazo zombini ukuphosa kunye CNC Machining phantsi kophahla olunye ayenzelanga nje amalungiselelo. Kuthetha ukuba iqela lomatshini liyawazi ukucutheka okuqhelekileyo kotyalo-mali lwalo, okanye iindawo ezinokuba nzima kumaqhekeza abo okubumba iqokobhe. Banokushiya isitokhwe esongezelelweyo kwindawo eyaziwayo eyingxaki ngaphandle kokucelwa. Loo loop yempendulo phakathi komgangatho wesiseko kunye nevenkile ye-CNC ayibonakali kumxhasi kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu kwisiphumo.
Umsantsa woNxibelelwano: Imizobo ngokuchasene neNjongo
Oku kunokuba ngowona mthombo omkhulu weentloko. Umzobo lixwebhu elisemthethweni nelobugcisa, kodwa yinguqulelo engagqibelelanga yenjongo yobunjineli. I-callout yokugqiba, inqaku elingacacanga malunga ne-radius yonke imiphetho, indawo yenguqu engachazwanga-ezi ziindawo zokuzala zokuphoxeka.
Ndiyibonile imizobo ye ukuphosa ngokuchanekileyo inxalenye kunye nokunyamezelana kungqongqo kunokuba inkqubo yokuphosa isiseko inokubambelela ngokuthembekileyo, kwiimpawu ezingabalulekanga. Ukucaphula ngobumfama oko ngumgibe. Intshukumo yobuchwephesha kukuthatha ifowuni. Sibona oku +/- 0.1mm ukunyamezela kulo mphathi unyukayo. Ngaba oko kukulungelelaniswa, okanye kukulungelelana? Kuba ukuba yeyokukhutshwa, sinokubamba ukunyamezelana okunoqoqosho ngakumbi kwaye sikuqinisekise ukuba ilingana nenxalenye yakho yokukhwelana. Isiqingatha sexesha, injineli iyawuxabisa umbuzo; basenokuba bakhuphele inkcukacha komnye umzobo. Esinye isiqingatha, sityhila imfuneko ebalulekileyo efuna indlela eyahlukileyo, njengokufudukela kwindawo echanekileyo yomatshini.
Imalunga nengcaciso esebenzayo, hayi nje ukwenziwa. Iwebhusayithi yomenzi, njengaye tsngtaocnc.com, ingabonisa ubunakho, kodwa olona vavanyo lukwezi zi-odolo zangaphambili. Ngaba babuza imibuzo ekrelekrele? Ngaba bacebisa uyilo lokwenziwa kokwenziwa (DFM) itweaks eyenza lula inkqubo ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni umsebenzi? Luphawu lwamava olo.
Iintsilelo njengeKharityhulam
Akukho mntu kweli shishini unerekhodi egqibeleleyo. Abo ufuna ukusebenza nabo ngabo banelogi yokungaphumeleli ehlalutywe kakuhle. Umenzi olungileyo akazifihli ezi; bamisela izifundo.
Sibe nentlekele yakuqala ngothotho lwe-aluminiyam-yebronze yotyalo-mali. Bahlala bebonisa i-micro-porosity ehlakazekileyo. Sijonge yonke into: i-wax, igobolondo, i-temp yokugalela, i-dewaxing. Ekugqibeleni, umsunguli wesandla esidala wabuza malunga nokufuma kwindawo yokugcina iipateni ze-wax eziphambili. Yayiphezulu. Iipateni ziye zafunxa ukufuma okwaneleyo okwathi ngexesha le-dewaxing (i-autoclave ye-steam), amanzi ajika abe ngumphunga ngaphakathi kweqokobhe le-ceramic ngobundlobongela, yonakalisa kancinane ukungeneka kwayo. Ukulungiswa kwaba yindawo yokugcina iphethini elawulwa yimozulu. Utshintsho oluncinci, olungabonakaliyo.
Olu luhlobo lolwazi lwegranular, olufunyenwe nzima oluchaza umsebenzi oqolileyo. Yiyo loo nto xa kuvavanywa a umenzi wamacandelo achanekileyo, kufuneka ubuze hayi nje ukuba ungayenza le nto? kodwa yeyiphi imingcipheko emithathu ephezulu oyibonayo nale nxalenye, kwaye ungayinciphisa njani? Impendulo yabo iya kukuxelela ngaphezu kwaso nasiphi na isatifikethi eludongeni. Kukuthandabuza phambi kokuba baphendule, indlela abalatha ngayo into ethile kumzobo wakho—sisandi samava okwenyani ecinga ngokuvakalayo.
