Xa usiva ukuphosa isanti ngokukhawuleza, ingcinga ekhawulezileyo sisantya. Sisithembiso eso, akunjalo? Kodwa kwi-Foundry, ukukhawuleza ligama elihambelanayo. Akunjalo nje ngokubetha kunye ukubumba kunye nokugalela isinyithi. Owona mceli mngeni kukufikelela eso santya ngaphandle kokuncama ingqibelelo, kulapho iivenkile ezininzi, kwanabo banamava, banokukhubeka. Baleqa iwashi kwaye bagqibe ngeereyithi ezilahliweyo ezitya zonke iinzuzo ezicingelwayo zokusebenza kakuhle. Ndikhe ndajikeleza iipateni kunye nemigca yokubumba amashumi eminyaka, ndiwubonile umjikelo-ukutyhala okukhawulezileyo ukujika kudla ngokuwahoya amanyathelo asisiseko enza isantya sizinze.
Undoqo weMveliso eKhawulezayo eyinyani
Ke, yintoni esebenzayo ukuphosa isanti ngokukhawuleza ijongeka phantsi? Iqala kudala phambi kokuba intlabathi ixutywe. Isixhobo sepateni singukumkani. Ukuba usebenzisa ezigugileyo, iipateni zomthi ezenzelwe umsebenzi ophantsi womthamo, awusoze ufezekise imijikelo engaguqukiyo, ekhawulezayo. Ukutshintshela kwi-urethane ephezulu yoxinaniso okanye iipateni zetsimbi ezinoyilo olufanelekileyo kunye ne-gating edibeneyo ayinakuxoxisana. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yoluhlu lwezindlu zempompo apho satshintsha ukusuka kwiipateni ezindala zamaplanga ukuya kwezo zoomatshini be-aluminiyam. Utyalo-mali lokuqala belubalulekile, kodwa ukuncitshiswa kwexesha lokulungiselela ukungunda kunye nokwehla okumangalisayo kweziphene zeshifti ezingundoqo kuhlawulelwe oko ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezintandathu. Isantya savela ekuthembekeni, kungekhona nje ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza.
Emva koko kukho inkqubo yesanti ngokwayo. Ukubumba kwesanti eluhlaza kuthathelwa ingqalelo, kodwa kwimveliso ekhawulezileyo, ephezulu yevolumu, inkqubo yesanti edityaniswe kakuhle yeekhemikhali ihlala iphumelela. Undoqo kulawulo lwenkqubo-ukubeka iliso kubushushu besanti, umlinganiselo wokubopha, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle komxube ngokwenkolo. Ukuphoswa apha akukuthothisi nje; yenza uthotho lweziphene. Oku sikufunde kabuhlungu xa sibaleka izibiyeli zeemoto. Ukutshintsha kokufuma okungephi kwamaxesha onyaka kuphose ixesha lethu lokumisela, okukhokelele kwibhetshi yokungunda enamachokoza athambileyo. Inkqubo ekhawulezileyo yafikelela esiphelweni sokusebenza kwakhona. Isantya sibuthathaka; yakhelwe phezu kwelitye lezinto eziguquguqukayo ezilawulwayo.
Kulapho amava eqabane ekudala lihlala libalulekile. Inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kunye nembali yayo yeminyaka engama-30 ekuyilweni, ikuqonda ngokunzulu oku. Abathengisi nje iicastings; balawula ezi nkqubo zintsonkothileyo. Xa utyhalela imijikelo ekhawulezayo, ukuba nomboneleli okwaziyo ukulinganisa iimpawu zengxubevange-njengokuhamba kwentsimbi ethile estainless okanye amandla ashushu ealloyi esekwe nickel-kunye neparameters zokubumba kubaluleke kakhulu. Ubungcali babo kwiqokobhe kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali bazisa umsebenzi wabo wokugalela isanti, begxininisa ukuba uyilo lwenkqubo oluchanekileyo luvumela isantya.
Ukugada, uKutyisa, kunye nexesha elifihliweyo liyatshona
Ukuba ukwenza umngundo ngumzimba wokuphosa ngokukhawuleza, inkqubo yokungena kunye neyokutya yinkqubo ye-nervous. Le yindawo elungele ukungaqondi kakuhle. Imposiso eqhelekileyo kukuhlisa ngokulula isixokelelwano sesango ukusuka kwinkqubo ecothayo. Kuba ukuphosa isanti ngokukhawuleza, udinga inkqubo eyenzelwe ukugcwala ngokukhawuleza ukunqanda uqhushululu, kodwa nenye ebangela ukuqina okunokubakho okwahlukileyo. Ukulinganisa ukubala kutshintshile apha, kodwa ayisiyombumbulu yomlingo. Usadinga isigwebo esisebenzayo ukutolika iziphumo kwaye ulungelelanise izinto eziguquguqukayo zelizwe lokwenyani njengomahluko omncinci wokungena kwesanti.
Ndikhumbula ndilinganisa isigqubuthelo sebhokisi yegiya ngentsimbi edityanisiweyo. Ukulinganisa kwakukhangeleka ngokugqibeleleyo-ukuzaliswa kwakugudileyo, i-feeders yayinobukhulu obaneleyo. Kodwa kwimveliso, siye sahlala sifumana i-shrinkage porosity kwicandelo elishinyeneyo. Ukulinganisa kucingelwa ukupholisa okufanelekileyo. Ngokwenyani, umjikelo wethu wokubumba okhawulezayo wawuthetha ukuba imibumbo yayiseshushu kancinci ukusuka ekugaleleni kwangaphambili, iguqula ixesha lokuqina lendawo. Ulungiso aluzange lucothe; yayikukongeza into encinci, ebandayo yangaphandle kuloo ndawo ithile yokungunda. Isisombululo sasilula, kodwa ukusixilonga kufuna ukuxobula umva iileya zenkqubo ekhawulezayo ukubona eyona ndawo ishushu. Ixesha eligcinwe ekubumbeni lingalahleka kwi-machining ukuba umgangatho wangaphakathi awukho.
Oku kudibanisa ngqo kwimisebenzi yesibini. Inkqubo ekhawulezayo ngokwenene ijonga ukwenziwa kwemishini njengenxalenye yokuqhubekeka. Umzekelo, i-QSY's ehlangeneyo yobuchwephesha be-CNC yinxalenye ebalulekileyo. Xa bevelisa icandelo lokuphoswa kwesanti, sele beyila ukuphosa kunye ne-machining datums kunye nezibonelelo zesitokhwe engqondweni. Oku kulungelelaniswa kuthintela imeko eqhelekileyo kakhulu apho ukuphosa okuveliswe ngokukhawuleza kwi-Foundry kuba ngumqobo kwivenkile yomatshini ngenxa yobunzima bodonga olungahambelaniyo okanye umphezulu ombi wedatum. Umsebenzi wabo onama-alloys akhethekileyo afana nalawo asekwe kwi-cobalt ugxininisa ngakumbi oku; Awunako ukuphosa ngokukhawuleza ingxubevange enzima, enzima kumatshini kwaye emva koko uchithe ixesha ucinge ukuba ungayibamba njani ukuze ugaywe. Iinkqubo kufuneka zenziwe ngobunjineli.
Izinto eziKhethelwayo: Imida yesantya kunye neZixhobisa
Ayizizo zonke ii-alloys ezenziwe zilingana nokuveliswa ngokukhawuleza. Iintsimbi eziqhelekileyo kunye neentsimbi eziphantsi kwekhabhoni zixolela. Kodwa xa usiya kwindawo yeentsimbi eziphezulu zealloy, ezingenasici, okanye uludwe lwe-QSY lwe-superalloys, umdlalo uyatshintsha. Umba okhawulezayo apha ungaphantsi malunga nomjikelo wokugalela kwaye ngakumbi ngayo yonke into eyingqongileyo. Ezi zixhobo zihlala zifuna ukufudumeza okuchanekileyo kwangaphambili kokungunda, amaqondo obushushu alawulwayo ngaphakathi kwefestile emxinwa kakhulu, kunye neeprothokholi ezithile zokupholisa ukuthintela ukuqhekeka okanye izigaba zetsimbi ezingafunekiyo.
Ukuzama ukusebenzisa umjikelezo oqhelekileyo okhawulezayo kwi-duplex stainless steel component, umzekelo, iresiphi yentlekele. I-chromium ephezulu kunye nomxholo we-molybdenum yenza kube lula ukuhlukana kunye nokwakheka kwesigaba sesibini ukuba ukuqina akulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo. Ungavelisa ukungunda rhoqo ngemizuzwana engama-90, kodwa ukuba i-30% yokusaswa ifuna unyango olubanzi lobushushu okanye ukulungiswa, ulahlekile. Ubuchule bokwenyani kwi ukuphosa isanti ngokukhawuleza ngezi zixhobo kukwazi apho unokukhawulezisa khona (njengokuhlanganisela okungundoqo okanye ukuphatha umngundo) nalapho kufuneka ufake ulawulo lwangabom (njengokugalela kunye nokupholisa). Sisingqisho, hayi ukubaleka.
Le yenye indawo apho ukuqhelana kwezinto ezinzulu kuhlawulela khona. I-Foundry ehlala iphatha ii-alloys ezisekwe kwi-nickel ukwenzela utyalo-mali, njenge-QSY, izisa ingqondo engqongqo kwisayensi yezinto ezixhamlayo kwimisebenzi yazo yokuphosa isanti. Baziqonda iiprofayili ze-thermal kunye neempawu zokukhanya kwamanzi ngaphakathi. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa umxhasi esiza nesicelo seprototype ekhawulezayo kwi-17-4 PH engenastainless, banokwenza izigwebo ezinolwazi malunga noyilo lokungena kunye namazinga okupholisa ukusuka kusuku lokuqala, ukuthintela ulingo-kunye-nempazamo ebulala amaxesha amisiweyo.
Xa kuFaka ngokukhawuleza: Izifundo ezivela kuMgangatho
Akukho ngxoxo inyanisekileyo ngaphandle kokuthetha ngokusilela. Ukusukela isantya kukhokelele kwizifundo ezixabisa kakhulu. Eyona nto ibalaseleyo yayiyiodolo yamakhulu aliqela ezibiyeli zokuthutha. Ukuhlangabezana nomhla wokugqibela omiselweyo, samkele indlela emfutshane: ukusebenzisa umxube wesanti obuyiselweyo kunye nomxholo wezohlwayo eziphezulu kunesiqhelo ukukhawulezisa ukuveliswa kokungunda. Ithiyori yayiyeyokuba ukungunda kuya kuhluba lula. Inyani yayikukuba ukuncitshiswa kokungena kwamanzi kubangele iziphene zerhasi kunye namanxeba okungena kuyo yonke into ephosiweyo. Ixesha eligcinwe ekubunjweni liphindaphindwe kalishumi ekucoceni, ukulungiswa kwe-welding, kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukubuyisela inxalenye enkulu yokubaleka. Yayisisikhumbuzo esicacileyo sokuba xa kusenziwa isanti, ukungunda kungcwele. Awukwazi ukuqhatha isanti.
Omnye umngxunya weklasikhi ku-over-automating kwangoko kakhulu. Utyalo-mali kumgca wokubumba wesantya esiphezulu kwintsapho yemveliso engekaqinisekiswa ngokupheleleyo ngumngcipheko omkhulu. I-automation ifuna ukuhambelana okugqibeleleyo kwisixhobo sepateni, imilinganiselo engundoqo, kunye nomgangatho wesanti. Nakuphi na ukwahluka kuba kukumisa. Ndiyibonile imigca efakiweyo apho iqela lobunjineli lenzelwe ilizwe elifanelekileyo, kwaye iqela lemveliso lichithe unyaka lisilwa ukwenza izinto zehlabathi zokwenyani zilungele oko. Ngamanye amaxesha, inkqubo ye-semi-automated, eqondwa kakuhle ikhawuleza ngenene kune-automated ngokupheleleyo, ingxaki-ingxaki. Isantya kufuneka senziwe ngokwamanqanaba.
La mava abumba indlela eyomelela ngakumbi ukuphosa isanti ngokukhawuleza. Yiyo loo nto ukusebenzisana nomvelisi onamava kungekokukhupha nje umsebenzi; imalunga nokusebenzisa uvavanyo kunye neempazamo zabo eziqokelelweyo. Inkampani enobomi obude be-QSY ngokungathandabuzekiyo ijonge ezi ntsilelo kwaye yabhaka izifundo kwiinkqubo zabo zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni. Xa becaphula ujiko olukhawulezayo, lusekwe kwinkqubo eqinisekisiweyo, elawulwayo, hayi nje amaxesha anethemba lomjikelo womatshini.
Imboniselo eDityanisiweyo: Ukuphosa njengekhonkco kwikhonkco
Ekugqibeleni, eyona misebenzi yokuphosa isanti ekhawulezayo yileyo ibona inkqubo ingeyiyo isiganeko sodwa kodwa njengekhonkco lokuqala kwikhonkco lemveliso. Injongo ayikokugalela nje ngokukhawuleza; kukuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza kwenxalenye egqityiweyo, esebenzayo. Oku kufuna indibaniselwano. Ingaba uyilo lokuphosa luququzelela njani ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza kwi-CNC yokusila? Unyamezelo oluchaziweyo kwimiphezulu engabalulekanga lukuthintela njani ukudlula komatshini okungafunekiyo? Ingaba ukupakishwa iwakhusela njani amalungu olungiselelo olukhawulezayo?
Le mbono iphelele yiyo eyahlula ivenkile yemisebenzi kwiqabane lokwenyani lemveliso. Ngumahluko phakathi kokuthi ewe, singayenza ngokukhawuleza kwaye ewe, sinokuyifumana kumgca wakho wendibano ngokukhawuleza kwaye ulungele ukuyifaka. Le yokugqibela ifuna izakhono QSY iimbalasane: ukuphosa ubuchwephesha umtshato kunye machining ngokuchanekileyo, zonke phantsi kophahla olunye. Ukuphoswa kwesanti ngokukhawuleza, oku kudityaniswa sisantya sokugqibela. Iphelisa ukulibaziseka kunye nokukhomba ngeminwe okwenzekayo xa ukuphosa kunye noomatshini bahlukana.
Ngoko, xa ndicinga ukuphosa isanti ngokukhawuleza ngoku, Ndicinga kancinci malunga isitophuwotshi kumgca wokubumba kwaye ngakumbi malunga nexesha elipheleleyo ukusuka kumyalelo ukuya kwindawo efakiweyo. Isantya sokwenyani sizalwa kubunjineli bepateni eyomeleleyo, ulawulo lwenkqubo engqongqo, ulwazi olunzulu lwemathiriyeli, kunye nezandla ezingenamthungo ukuya kwimisebenzi esezantsi. Luhlobo oluqeqeshekileyo lokungxama, oluhlonipha ifiziksi yesinyithi nesanti. Nantoni na encinci ingxamile, kwaye kweli shishini, ukungxama yeyona ndlela icothayo ukuya kumgca wokugqibela.
