Xa abathengi bebuza malunga neendleko zokugalela isanti, into yokuqala endibaxelela yona kukuba balibale ngexabiso lekilo ngalinye abanokuthi balibonile kwi-intanethi. Ngowona mgibe mkhulu. Iindleko zokwenyani abukho nje ubunzima bentsimbi; yiyo yonke into eyenzekayo ngaphambi kokuba intsimbi etyhidiweyo ichukumise nesanti. Ndichithe iminyaka kwi-Foundries, kwaye amaphepha esicatshulwa afika kwidesika yam ahlala ekhumbula abaqhubi abafihliweyo. Ayikokufumana eyona iphantsi, kukuqonda ukuba uhlawulela ntoni. Masiyicazulule ukusuka kwipateni ukuya phezulu.
Apho Isiya khona Imali: Iqala ngePateni
Wonke umntu ugxininise kwizinto eziphathekayo-intsimbi, i-ductile iron, insimbi. Kodwa indleko yepateni ngumbulali wohlahlo lwabiwo-mali othuleyo, ngakumbi kwii-run-volume runs. Ipateni elula yokhuni yendlu yegiya enye? Mhlawumbi iyalawuleka. Kodwa ukuba ufuna uzinzo lwe-dimensional kumaqhekeza angama-500, ujonge ipateni yentsimbi eyenziwe ngoomatshini. Olu lutyalo-mali olunamanani amahlanu phambi kokuba wenze inxalenye enye. Ukhetho apha luchaza yonke into: umgangatho wokubumba, ii-angles zokuyila, amandla okunciphisa. Fumana ipateni engalunganga, kwaye ixabiso leyunithi nganye liyenyuka ngenxa yolungiso olwenziwa ngesandla kwisafo ngasinye. Ndizibonile iiprojekthi apho ixabiso lepateni ligqithise kwixabiso elipheleleyo lokuphosa kwibhetshi yokuqala. Yinkcitho eyinkunzi ekufuneka ihlawulwe, kwaye ayingabo bonke ababoneleli abangafihli nto ngaloo nto.
Emva koko kukho iibhokisi eziphambili. Ukuba inxalenye yakho inemingxuma yangaphakathi, ufuna ii-cores. Undoqo ngamnye ufuna ibhokisi yawo ukwenza imilo yesanti. Ubunzima obuninzi = iibhokisi ezininzi = izixhobo ezingaphezulu. Oku kulapho ukusebenza kunye neqabane onamava like Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) yenza umahluko. Ngeminyaka yabo engama-30 yokuphosa, bayayazi indlela yokuyila iipateni kunye neebhokisi ezingundoqo zokwenziwa, bahlala becebisa utshintsho oluncinci olunciphisa kakhulu ubunzima bezixhobo ngaphandle kokuchaphazela umsebenzi. Yile njineli yangaphambili elawula umva-isiphelo iindleko zokulahla isanti.
Imathiriyeli yepateni ibalulekile. Ixesha elide, isinyithi yindlela kuphela. Kodwa ndakhe ndatyhala ipateni ye-epoxy yokubaleka okuphakathi kwemizimba yevalvu yentsimbi, ndicinga ukuba siza kusindisa. Intshukumo embi. Ubushushu kunye ne-abrasion evela kwintlabathi ye-silica yayinxibe ipateni phantsi komjikelo we-100, ukwazisa ukuhluka okukhokelela ekukhunjweni okuchithwayo. Ugcino ebekucingelwa ukuba lugcinwe lwacinywa ngokukhatywa. Sifunda ntoni? Musa ukuxabisa izixhobo zokusebenza. Ipatheni sisiseko sexabiso lakho lonke.
Amaxhoba afihliweyo: Isivuno kunye nokugqiba
Isivuno yimfihlo emdaka ye iindleko zokulahla isanti. Uyalela i-100 kg ye-castings, kodwa kufuneka uthele i-150 kg yesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo. Ngoba? Inkqubo yokungena kunye nokunyuka-ezo ziteshi zondla isinyithi kwi-mold cavity-ziyinxalenye yobunzima obugalelwe kodwa ziyanqunyulwa kwaye zisetyenziswe kwakhona. Isivuno yipesenti yobunzima obuthululwayo oba yinxalenye yokugqibela ethunyelweyo. Indawo entsonkothileyo, enodonga olucekethekileyo inokuba nesivuno se-50% okanye ngaphantsi. Ke, iindleko zakho zezinto eziphathekayo ziphindwe kabini. Ababoneleli abanolawulo olubi lwenkqubo banezivuno ezisezantsi, kwaye uhlawulela loo nkcitho.
Kulapho ubuchwephesha benkqubo bohlula iivenkile. I-Foundry eyenza uyilo lokungena kwaye isebenzise isoftware yokulinganisa inokutyhala izivuno eziphezulu. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yesibiyeli esikhulu sokufakwa kwentsimbi kwi-QSY. Iinjineli zabo zahlengahlengisa i-gating, zihamba ukusuka kwisango eliphezulu lemveli ukuya kwinkqubo elawulwayo yokuzalisa ezantsi. Inyuse isivuno ukusuka kuma-58% ukuya kuma-72%. Olo tshintsho lunye luye lwayeka iindleko zokulahla isanti phantse i-8% kwicala lezinto eziphathekayo kuphela. Ayingomlingo; isetyenziselwa i-metallurgy kunye ne-fluid dynamics.
Emva koko kuza ukugqiba. Ingakanani CNC Machining iyadingeka? Ukwenziwa kwesanti kukunika ubume obusondeleyo, kodwa iindawo ezibalulekileyo zihlala zifuna ukwenziwa ngoomatshini. Yonke imilimitha yesitokhwe osishiyayo xa usenza imachin yintsimbi eyongezelelweyo oyihlawule ukuze uphose, emva koko uhlawule ixesha elongezelelweyo ukuze unqumle. Ndiye ndaxoxisana nabayili iiyure ngaphezulu kokongeza isibonelelo se-1mm somatshini kubuso obungabalulekanga ngokuchasene nokuchaza ukugqitywa kokuphoswa. Loo 1mm ngaphaya kwendawo enkulu yongeza ubunzima, inciphisa isivuno, kwaye yandisa ixesha lomatshini. Kukuthotywa kweendleko. Olona qheliselo lungcono kukukhetha ujongano olusebenzayo kuphela njengemigangatho engoomatshini. Ukusaswa makube kukuphosa kuyo yonke enye indawo.
Umthamo kunye neJiyometri: Ubudlelwane obungeyonxalenye
Iindleko azikhuli ngokuhambelana nevolumu. Iziqwenga eziyi-100 zokuqala zezona zibiza kakhulu kuba zithwala umthwalo opheleleyo wepateni kunye nokuseta. Ijiko leendleko lisicaba ngokumangalisayo emva kwamakhulu ambalwa amaqhekeza, njengoko ugubungela iindleko eziguquguqukayo njengentsimbi, amandla, kunye nomsebenzi wokubumba. Kodwa kukho elinye iliwa: ijometri. Ubume obulula, obubhlokile bubiza imali eninzi ukubumba kunye nombindi. Yongeza iimbambo ezininzi zangaphakathi, iindonga ezicekethekileyo ezimelene namacandelo ashinyeneyo, okanye ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo kwimilinganiselo yokuphoswa, kwaye ucela ingxaki.
Amacandelo angqindilili aphole kancinane, nto leyo ekhokelela ekushwabaneni kweporosity. Amacandelo amancinci apholile ngokukhawuleza. Zidibanise, kwaye udala amanqaku oxinzelelo kunye neenyembezi ezinokubakho ezishushu. I-Foundry ke kufuneka yongeze i-chills (ukufakwa kwesinyithi esantini) okanye izinyusi ezikhethekileyo zokulawula ukuqina, okongeza umsebenzi kunye nobunzima. Ndifunde oku ngendlela enzima ngoyilo lwezindlu lwempompo. Sasine-3mm flange ecaleni kwe-25mm yomphathi onyukayo. Ukusatywa kwaqhubeka nokuqhekeka. Isisombululo yayikukongeza i-fillet kunye noshintsho oluthe chu, apho iqela loyilo lalichasa ekuqaleni ngenxa yezizathu zobuhle. Senze njalo, iintanda zayeka, neendleko zehla ngenxa yokuba izinga lokwaliwa liye lehla. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuyila inkqubo yeyona nto isindisa iindleko.
Eli lixabiso leevenkile ezidibeneyo ezibamba zombini ukuphosa kunye CNC Machining. Inkampani efana QSY, enika zombini, inokucebisa kwasekuqaleni. Basenokuthi, Shiya olo donga luyi-cast, kodwa yenza le bhore ibe yi-2mm ibe yi-2mm ibe yincinci ukuze sikwazi ukuyitshintsha ifikelele kwisiphelo esigqibeleleyo kunye nokunyamezelana. Babona lonke uhambo ukusuka kwisanti ukuya kwinxalenye egqityiweyo, ngoko ke iingcebiso zabo zeendleko ziphelele, aziqhekeki.
Intsomi yezinto eziphathekayo: Ayizizo zonke iintsimbi ezilinganayo
Yintsimbi nje ephoswe libinzana elindenza ndifixize. I-iron engwevu, i-iron ductile iron, i-austempered ductile iron (ADI)-nganye ineendleko zemathiriyeli ekrwada eyahluke kakhulu kunye nemfuneko yokucubungula. Intsimbi ye-Ductile idinga unyango lwe-magnesium, eyongeza amanyathelo kunye neendleko. Iialloys ezikhethekileyo? Lelinye ihlabathi. QSY dwelisa izinto ezifana ne-nickel-based alloys, ezinokuxabisa amaxesha angama-10-20 ngaphezulu kwekhilogram enye kunentsimbi eqhelekileyo engwevu. Kodwa iindleko ezinkulu azikho nje ixabiso le-ingot; kukuphatha. Ezi ngxubevange zihlala zifuna ulawulo olungqongqo lokunyibilika, isanti ezahlukeneyo zokubumba ukuthintela ungcoliseko, kunye nonyango olukhethekileyo lobushushu.
Ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo kukuthengiswa kweendleko zokusebenza. Ndasebenza kwi-wear plate yezixhobo zemigodi. Inkcazo yokuqala yayiyeyentsimbi emhlophe ye-chromium ephezulu yokumelana nokugruzuka okugqithisileyo. I iindleko zokulahla isanti yayiphezulu, kwaye ukuyenza emva koko yayiliphupha elibi. Siyiprotoyiphe kwintsimbi esezantsi-yengxubevange enophahla oluqinileyo. Iqhube i-80% ngokunjalo kwi-50% yeendleko zizonke. Umxhasi wavuya kakhulu. Indima ye-Foundry kukubonisa olu khetho, hayi nje ukuphumeza ushicilelo ngobumfama.
Ireyithi ye-Scrap nayo ixhomekeke kwizinto eziphathekayo. Izinto ezinqabileyo ziyakwazi ukuphuka ngexesha lokuxubha (ukususa isanti) okanye ukusika amasango. Izinga eliphezulu le-scrap linyusa ngokuthe cwaka ixabiso lakho elisebenzayo ngenxalenye elungileyo. Isiseko esithembekileyo siya kuba neenkqubo ezizinzileyo zokugcina eli zinga liphantsi, yiyo loo nto ixesha elide kwishishini, njengeQSY leminyaka engamashumi amathathu, ihlala ihambelana neendleko ezifihlakeleyo ezisezantsi. Bakubonile ukusilela kwaye bakhe iinkqubo zokuziphepha.
Ngaphaya kweNtelekelelo: Ixabiso lilonke lobunini
Ekugqibeleni, okwenyani iindleko zokulahla isanti lixabiso lilonke lobunini. Ukuphosa ngexabiso eliphantsi okusilelayo ebaleni okanye kubangele iiveki zokusebenza kwakhona kwivenkile yakho yoomatshini yeyona nxalenye ibiza kakhulu onokuthi uyithenge. Ukungqinelana ngundoqo. Ngaba i-500th casting iya kufana neyokuqala? Ukwahluka kweDimensional kuchaphazela umgca wendibano yakho. Ukufakwa okanye i-porosity inokubangela ukuvuza okanye ukungaphumeleli kwesakhiwo.
Apha kulapho isiqinisekiso kunye nenkqubo yoxwebhu ibalulekile. I-cert yezinto ezifanelekileyo, ingxelo yokuhlola inqaku lokuqala, iitshathi zokulawula inkqubo-ezi zongeza i-sliver kwiindleko zeyunithi kodwa zigcina i-fortune engozini. Kumacandelo abalulekileyo, ndihlala ndibhajethela oku. Yi-inshurensi.
Ke, xa uvavanya iindleko zokulahla isanti, jonga ngaphaya komgca ongezantsi kwisicatshulwa. Phenya isicwangciso sepateni, ubuze malunga nesivuno esilindelekileyo, uqonde imephu yendlela yokugqiba, kwaye ukhethe iqabane elibona umfanekiso wonke. Injongo ayilona xabiso liphantsi ngesiqwenga ngasinye; lelona xabiso lisezantsi lilonke lenxalenye ethembekileyo, esebenzayo ekhupha imveliso yakho emnyango. Lolo lubalo olubalulekileyo kumgangatho wefektri.
