Uva ukuphoswa kwentsimbi eyomeleleyo kwaye iincwadana zipeyinta umfanekiso wemfezeko: iinxalenye ezikufutshane-zemilo, iipropathi ezimangalisayo zoomatshini, ubuncinci be-porosity. Kodwa hamba uye kwi-Foundry eye yazama ukuyiphumeza, kwaye ibali liya limdaka. Asiyombumbulu ethile yomlingo; yinkqubo ehlala kwifestile emxinwa kakhulu yolawulo, kwaye ukuyiphatha kakubi kuyabiza. Iivenkile ezininzi zicinga ukuba malunga nobushushu, kodwa imalunga ne ukugalelwa kwentsimbi eyomeleleyo Ukuziphatha kwe-slurry's thixotropic-imeko engaqhelekanga apho iqukuqela njengolwelo phantsi kwe-shear kodwa ibambe imilo eqinileyo xa imile. Yibethelele loo nto, kwaye unento ethile. Uyiphose, kwaye ujonge kwibhilethi ebiza kakhulu yenkunkuma.
Umbono ongundoqo kunye nalapho abantu bakhubeka khona
Umgaqo osisiseko ulula ngendlela ekhohlisayo. Endaweni yokugalela isinyithi esilulwelo ngokupheleleyo, usebenza ngealloyi ekwimeko ebambekayo, ethe qelele, emalunga ne-30-50% yeqhezu eliqinileyo. Olu daka luthi ke lutofwe kwidayisi. Ingcamango enkulu ephosakeleyo? Ukuba oku kukuphosa nje okupholileyo. Ayiyo. Ukulungiswa kodaka yinto yonke. Unokuhamba ngendlela ye-rheocasting, apho upholisa isinyithi solwelo kwindawo engqindilili ngelixa ushukumisa, okanye i-thixocasting, apho uqala khona ngebillet eqinileyo elungiselelwe ngokukodwa kwaye uyifudumeze kwakhona. I-Rheocasting ibonakala ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa ukulawula ukupholisa kunye nokuphazamiseka ukuze ufumane iyunifomu, isakhiwo esihle se-globular kwi-slurry-yile yobugcisa. Ndibone ukuseta apho uqhushululu lucinywe ngumda omncinci, kwaye icandelo eliye laphumela ekubeni libe neendawo ezibuthathaka ongakwaziyo nokuzibona de kuvavanywe ukudinwa.
Abaninzi bacinga ukuba nayiphi na i-aluminium okanye i-magnesium alloy iya kusebenza. Ayonyani. Ukwakhiwa kwengxubevange kufuna ukuthanda ukwenziwa kwesigaba se-alpha-Al esingqukuva kuloo zowuni yomushy. Ezona ziqhelekileyo ziyi-A356 kunye ne-A357 aluminium, kodwa nangona kunjalo, izinto ezincinci zokulandelela zingalahla i-morphology. Sakhe saba nebhetshi ye-A356 enomxholo ongaphandle kancinci wentsimbi. I-viscosity ye-slurry yayingalunganga, ikhokelela ekuzaliseni okubi kakhulu kumacandelo amancinci. I-metallurgy kufuneka ibonakale kwasekuqaleni.
Emva koko kukho isixhobo somgibe. Oku akusiyo i-die casting eqhelekileyo kunye ne-tweak. Igumbi lokudutyulwa kunye nenkqubo yepiston kufuneka iphathe i-viscous, i-abrasive slurry ngaphandle kokwazisa isiphithiphithi esonakalisa isakhiwo. Amasango kunye neembaleki zenzelwe ngokuhlukileyo-ngokuphindaphindiweyo zinkulu kwaye zilula ukugcina ukuhamba kwe-laminar. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi apho sazama ukulungelelanisa umatshini omdala wokulahla. Isiphumo yaba kukucheba okugqithisileyo esangweni, okuye kwatshabalalisa ubume beglowubhu esisebenze nzima ukuyila, siguqula udaka lwabuyela kwi-dendritic, ubumdaka obubuthathaka. Eso yayisisifundo samanani amathandathu sokungasileli ekonaneni.
Ityala eliSebenzayo: Iintonga zokudibanisa kunye ne-Porosity Battle
Makhe sithethe ngesicelo sangempela: iirodi zokudibanisa iimoto eziphezulu. Kulapho ukugalelwa kwentsimbi eyomeleleyo kufuneka kukhanye-amandla aphezulu, i-porosity ephantsi, ubomi obuhle bokudinwa. Sisebenze kwiprototype yokubaleka kumthengi we-motorsport. Injongo yayikukutshintsha intonga yentsimbi ekhandiweyo kunye ne-lighter, i-aluminium ephoswe ngaphandle kokuncama ukuthembeka.
Ishumi elinesibini leefowuni zokuqala bezintle. Amalungu aphuma kunye ne-matte, indawo egudileyo, ukuchaneka komda phakathi kwe-0.1mm. Kodwa xa sisenza uhlolo lweX-reyi, safumana i-sporadic micro-porosity kwindawo yeshank. Hayi i-gas porosity, kodwa i-shrinkage. Ingxaki? Nakwimeko eqinileyo, ukondla kubalulekile. Ukuqina kulawulwa ngakumbi, kodwa ukuba iqondo lobushushu bokufa alifezekanga, usenokufumana amachibi azimeleyo ashwabeneyo. Kuye kwafuneka songeze amajelo okupholisa asekuhlaleni kwifayizi kwaye sitshintshe iqondo lobushushu eliludaka nge-15°C nje ukuqondisa umphambili wokuqiniswa ngokufanelekileyo. Kwakuyiveki yohlengahlengiso lwemizuzu, ii-log logs, kunye ne-CT scans.
Oku kuthungelana kwindawo ebanzi: ukubekwa esweni kwenkqubo. Ekuphoseni okuqhelekileyo, ubeka iliso kwiqondo lokushisa kunye noxinzelelo. Apha, udinga idatha kwi-slurry viscosity okanye iqhezu eliqinileyo ngexesha langempela, elinzima kakhulu ukulinganisa ngokuthe ngqo kumgangatho wemveliso. Siye sagqiba ukusebenzisa iproxy: iprofayili yamandla kwipiston yesitofu. Igophe elithile elidityaniswe nomgangatho olungileyo wodaka. Yayiyisisombululo esingafezekanga, kodwa uye wawenza umsebenzi. Olu luhlobo lwezandla ekusombululeni ingxaki ongazange ufunde kumaphepha emfundo.
Ukulinganiselwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nombuzo we-alloy
Ngelixa i-aluminium kunye ne-magnesium zifumana yonke ingqalelo, kuthekani ngeentsimbi okanye ii-alloys ezikhethekileyo? Imiqobo yobugcisa iyaphindaphindeka. Amaqondo obushushu okusebenza aphezulu kakhulu, kwaye ukulawula ubume be-slurry yiphupha elibi. Ndiyazazi iiprojekthi ze-R&D kwintsimbi engenasici, kodwa ukusebenza kwezorhwebo kusekude. Apha kulapho ubungcali bexesha elide besebenza ngoomatshini kunye neqabane lokuphosa buba baluleke kakhulu.
Thatha inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 kubumba lweqokobhe kunye notyalo-mali, kunye noomatshini be-CNC, babone iinkqubo zisiza kwaye zihamba. Ukutyelela indawo yabo e tsngtaocnc.com, ufumana ingqiqo yobungcali bepragmatic. Basebenza ngentsimbi etyhidiweyo, intsimbi, i-stainless, kunye nezo ngxubevange ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-cobalt kunye ne-nickel-based. Kubo, ukutsibela kwi-semi-solid kwezi zixhobo zobushushu obuphezulu kuya kufuna isixhobo esisisiseko sokuphinda sisetyenziswe kunye nesiseko somthengi esizimisele ukuhlawula iprimiyamu enkulu. Akunakwenzeka, kodwa imeko yeshishini kufuneka ibe yi-rock-solid-mhlawumbi icandelo elibalulekileyo le-aerospace apho ubunzima kunye namandla zibaluleke kakhulu, kwaye iindleko zisesekondari.
Iinkqubo zabo ezingundoqo-utyalo-mali, ukubumba iqokobhe-zizisa ukuntsokotha okumangalisayo kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu kwezo zinto zisebenza kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, indlela ezanyiweyo kwaye iyinyani ilungile. Ukutyhala inkqubo entsha efana ne-semi-solid kweso sithuba asingomceli mngeni wobugcisa; imalunga nokuqonda lonke ikhonkco lexabiso, ukusuka ekufumaneni imathiriyeli ekrwada ukuya kunyango lobushushu obugqithisiweyo kunye nomatshini. Indlela edityanisiweyo ye-QSY ukusuka ekujuleni ukuya kwi-CNC machining iluncedo olukhulu ekudityanisweni kwenxalenye, kodwa imiliselwe kwiinkqubo abazifumeneyo kumashumi eminyaka.
Ukudityaniswa kwentloko ebuhlungu: Ukusuka kwiCasting ukuya kuMachining
Le yinto enkulu. Inxalenye yesamente eqinileyo ayisoloko igqityiwe. Ihlala ifuna ukwenziwa ngoomatshini. Kwaye iimpawu zomatshini zingahluka. Izinto eziphathekayo zixinene, kunye neso sakhiwo esihle se-globular, kodwa ukunxiba isixhobo kunokungalindelekanga. Sifumanise ukuba ngelixa ubuchwephesha obuqhelekileyo buphuculwe ngenxa ye-porosity esezantsi, ukuqina, ukwakheka okufanayo ngakumbi ngamanye amaxesha kukhokelele ekuthotyweni komphetho okhawulezayo wesixhobo kwimisebenzi ethile, njengokugrumba imingxuma enzulu. Awungekhe usebenzise ukutya okufanayo kunye nezantya njengendawo esemgangathweni yokuphosa.
Yiyo loo nto ukuba nomatshini ongaphakathi endlwini, okanye ubambiswano oluqinileyo, akunakuxoxiswana. Uluhlu lwengxelo kufuneka lube lufutshane. Oomatshini kufuneka baxelele iqela elidlalayo ukuba babona ukunxitywa kwesixhobo esingaqhelekanga okanye imiba yokugqiba umphezulu, enokuthi ilandele emva kokwahluka okuncinci kulungiselelo oluludaka ngolo suku. Koku kudityaniswa okuthe nkqo-njengento eyakhiwe yi-QSY-evumela ukwenziwa kwenkqubo yokwenyani. Iqela elidlalayo aliphosi nje amalungu eludongeni.
Ndikhumbula icandelo lebhokisi yegiya esayenzayo. Uzinzo lwe-as-cast dimensional lwalugqwesile, kodwa ngexesha lomsebenzi ojongene nawo, safumana incoko encinci. Kuye kwavela ukungangqinelani okuncinci kwiqhezu eliqinileyo kwindawo yonke (ayinakulinganiswa nanto) kudale umahluko omncinci wobulukhuni. Ukulungiswa kwakubuyela kwinqanaba lokubamba i-slurry, ukuqinisekisa indawo yokushisa efanayo. Ngaphandle komatshini wokwenza iflegi kwangoko, besiya kuyibhala njengomba wesixhobo kwaye siphose oyena nobangela.
Ke, Iyenza Nini Ingqiqo?
Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kunjalo ukugalelwa kwentsimbi eyomeleleyo kufanelekile? Hayi kuyo yonke into. Iindleko zokuseta ziphezulu, ifestile yenkqubo iqinile, kwaye ifuna inqanaba lolawulo lwenkqubo ukuba uninzi lwabasunguli abaluxhotyiselwanga. Yenzelwe ixabiso eliphezulu, iindawo ezintsonkothileyo apho izibonelelo-ukunciphisa ubunzima, amandla, kunye nokunciphisa isitokhwe somatshini-ziguqulela ngokuthe ngqo ekusebenzeni okanye ukonga iindleko ezantsi.
Cinga amacandelo okhuseleko lweemoto (amaqupha, izibiyeli), izindlu zezixhobo zamandla eprimiyamu, okanye izifakelo ezithile ze-aerospace. Kwi-volume ephezulu, iinxalenye zempahla yorhwebo, ukuphoswa okusemgangathweni koxinzelelo oluphezulu kuseyinkosi. Kwimilo entsonkothileyo kakhulu kwi-superalloy, ukufakwa kotyalo-mali kunokoyiswa. I-Semi-solid ihlala kwindawo ephakathi kwabo.
Ikamva? Ilele ekujongeni ngcono, okungabizi kakhulu ngexesha lokwenyani kunye nemixube yealloyi eyomeleleyo. Mhlawumbi i-automation kunye ne-AI inokunceda ukuzinzisa loo festile yenkqubo. Kodwa okwangoku, iseyinkqubo yengcaphephe. Sisixhobo esinamandla kwibhokisi yezixhobo, kodwa kufuneka wazi kakuhle ukuba ungafikelela nini na, kwaye ufuna iqela kunye nomonde wokuyicofa. Ayikokutshintsha ezinye iindlela; imalunga nokuba nenye inketho xa ii-specs ziba nzima. Kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, eyona ntshukumo ilumkileyo kukuqaphela ukuba ungayisebenzisi nini na, kwaye unamathele kwindlela eqinisekisiweyo enikezela umxhasi, imini nemini.
