Xa umntu esithi 'inxalenye ekhethekileyo yentsimbi engatyiwayo,' isiqingatha sexesha ebonisa into ethile kwimuvi ye-sci-fi, esinye isiqingatha uthetha nje 316L. Lo ngumsantsa wokuqala phakathi kwamaphepha athile kunye nemveliso yokwenyani. 'Okhethekileyo' ayilobanga nje; yincoko malunga nomjikelo wobomi uphela-ukusuka kwindlela yokuziphatha kwe-alloy kwi-crucible ukuya ekusebenzeni kwayo phantsi kwe-corrosive medium okanye umjikelo woxinzelelo. Ndibone imizobo emininzi kakhulu apho i-callout yezinto eziphathekayo yingcamango emva, ikopishwe kwiprojekthi endala, ekhokelela kwihlabathi lentlungu ngexesha lomatshini okanye, ngakumbi, kwintsimi. Umsebenzi wokwenyani uqala xa ugrumba kwinto eyenza ibe yinto ekhethekileyo: ingaba ngumxholo we-molybdenum wokuxhathisa i-pitting, i-nitrogen elawulwayo yamandla, okanye i-curve yonyango oluthile lobushushu kweso sakhiwo sesigaba sesibini? Kulapho amashumi eminyaka kweli shishini, njengaku Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), bala. Uyakha imvakalelo kuyo.
Eyona nto ikhethekileyo kwiSuphu yeAlloy
Masithethe ngealloyi. 304, 316-ezi vanilla. Ummandla 'owodwa' uqala ngezinto ezifana ne-17-4PH, 2205 duplex, okanye i-super austenitics efana ne-254 SMO. Kodwa ukubabiza ngamagama kulula. Ubuqhetseba kukwazi ukuba 'inxalenye ekhethekileyo yensimbi engenasici' eyenziwe ukusuka kwi-17-4PH ayikhethekileyo ngokwenene ide ibe yimeko ye-H1150 okanye i-H900. Isicwangciso somatshini sombuso ohlaziyiweyo wesisombululo ngokuchasene nelizwe elidala lahluke ngokupheleleyo. Yifumane ingalunganga, kwaye uya kutshisa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo okanye wenze iintanda ezincinci. Oku sikufunde kwangoko ngebhetshi yeziqu zevalvu. I-spec ithi i-17-4PH, kodwa inqanaba lonyango lobushushu lalicacile. Sizifake ngoomatshini bonke emva kokuguga, sicinga ukuba lilizwe lokugqibela. Umxhasi kamva wayefuna i-design tweak-i-groove elula. Ukuzama ukwenza loo nto yakudala yayiyinto eyothusayo; isinxibo sesixhobo sasihambelana neenkwenkwezi. Bekufanele ukuba ushiye isitokhwe sokugqibela somatshini emva kokwaluphala. Impazamo esisiseko ebonakala icace gca.
Emva koko kukho ukukhangela. Ayizizo zonke i-stainless ekhethekileyo ezenziwe ngokulinganayo. Inyibilika evela kwi-Mill A inokuziphatha ngokufihlakeleyo ngokwahlukileyo kwi-Mill B, ngakumbi nge-alloys enkulu enzima. Kwi-shaft yempompo ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokutofa kwamanzi etyuwa, siye sagxininisa ekulandeleni umkhondo wokubuyela kwindawo yokunyibilika kunye nengxelo yovavanyo lokusila. Iindleko ezongezelelekileyo kunye nexesha lokukhokela liphakamise amashiya ekuqaleni, kodwa liphelise ukuguquguquka xa sijongana nokungaphumeleli kwesixhobo ngexesha lomsebenzi wokugrumba umngxuma onzulu. Kwavela, ukungafani okuncinci kumxholo wesulfure (ngaphakathi kwe-spec, kodwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu) ukusuka kumthombo wesibini kwakubangela. Ngoku sihlala sihlala sithembela kwiitshaneli eziphathekayo kuyo nayiphi na into engaphaya kwe-316, umkhwa wokuqina I-QSY's Iminyaka engama-30 ekujuleni nasekusebenzeni.
Kwaye ukuyijula? Ngomnye umaleko lowo. Ukugalela ialloyi esekwe nickel njenge-Inconel 625 kwisingundo seqokobhe into entsonkothileyo, enodonga olucekethekileyo. inxalenye ekhethekileyo yentsimbi bubugcisa. I-fluidity ihluke, i-shrinkage ibonakaliswe ngakumbi, kwaye umngcipheko wokukrazula okushushu yinyani. Awunakusebenzisa i-gating efanayo kunye nenkqubo yokunyuka onokuthi uyisebenzisele intsimbi yekhabhoni. Ifuna ukulinganisa kunye ne-Foundry intuition eninzi. Siye saba nesabelo sethu samaqela alahliweyo kwangethuba, sifunde ukuba ubushushu be-preheat bomngundo kunye nesantya sokugalela kufuneka sicofelwe ngokucokisekileyo ngokucokisekileyo kwezi mathiriyeli.
I-CNC Machining: Apho ithiyori idibana noMda wokusika
Kulapho irabha idibana khona nendlela. Nabani na unokuthenga ibha ye-super duplex engenasici; ukwenza inxalenye echanekileyo, engenaxinzelelo kuyo ngumngeni. Umgaqo wokuqala: hlonipha umsebenzi onzima. Amanqaku e-Austenitic kunye ne-duplex athanda ukuba nzima kwaye aqine phantsi kwesixhobo sakho sokusika. Ukuba uyoyika ngobunzulu bakho bokusika okanye ukondla, uhlikihla kwaye ufudumeza umphezulu, udala umaleko oqinileyo oya kuqhekeza isixhobo sakho sokugqitha esilandelayo. Kuya kufuneka ungene phantsi kwalo mmandla womsebenzi onzima. Ubundlongondlongo, ukusika okungaguquguqukiyo kudla ngokusebenza ngcono kunezo zilumkileyo.
Isipholisi asenzelwa ukupholisa nje; yeyokuthambisa kunye nokukhupha itshiphu. Kuninzi lwezi ngxubevange ezincangathi, isixokelelwano sokupholisa soxinzelelo oluphezulu ngesixhobo asixoxisi. Iqhekeza itshiphu kwaye iyisuse kwindawo esikiweyo. Sifunde oku kwiprojekthi ye inxalenye ekhethekileyo yentsimbi-ibhloko yokugcinwa kwe-turbine blade esuka kwi-Alloy 718. Iitshiphusi zazizidibanisa ngokwazo kwi-insert, ezikhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwentlekele. Ukutshintshela kwisixokelelwano soxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nokusebenzisa uqulunqo oluthile, olulubricity oluphezulu lokupholisa lutshintshe yonke into. Ukugqiba kwenxalenye kuphuculwe, kwaye ubomi besixhobo buphindwe kathathu.
Isicwangciso se-Toolpath sibaluleke ngaphezu kokuba abantu becinga. Ukungqusha ngokuqhelekileyo kukhethwa endaweni yokusila eqhelekileyo ukunciphisa ukuqina komsebenzi. Kodwa kumacandelo abhityileyo aneendonga eziqhelekileyo kwiindawo zokuphoswa kotyalo-mali, kuya kufuneka uqwalasele ukuqina. Ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka usebenzise indlela yokugaya i-trochoidal okanye ulungelelanise i-stepover ukulawula uxinzelelo lwesixhobo kunye nokuthintela ukuphambuka kwenxalenye. Ayisiyonto nje malunga noseto olungagqibekanga lwesoftware yeCAM; imalunga nomdwelisi wolwazi ukuba izinto ziya kutyhala njani emva. Olu luhlobo lwezandla-on CNC Machining ulwazi olwahlula ivenkile yomsebenzi kwingcali.
Isiseko sokuCasa: iShell kunye noTyalo-mali
Uninzi lwala malungu akhethekileyo aqala njenge-castings, ngakumbi kwiijometri ezinzima. Ukwenziwa kobunjwa beqokobhe kwaye utyalo mali sisonka sethu nebhotolo eQSY. Ngokungacoceki, ukhetho phakathi kwabo luhlala luhla lufikelele kwivolumu, ukugqiba komphezulu, kunye nokunyamezela komda. Ukubumba iqokobhe kulungile kuqhushululu olukhulu lwamalungu athile antsokothileyo, kodwa kwizinto ezintsonkothileyo ngokwenene-cinga ukuba ii-impellers ezineencakuba ezigqunyiweyo, okanye iibhloko ezininzi ezinamatshaneli angaphakathi-ukuphosa utyalo-mali kuphela kwendlela.
Kodwa nantsi i-nuance: iqokobhe le-ceramic lokuphosa utyalo-mali linokunxibelelana ne-alloy. Kwi-alloys yobushushu obuphezulu obutyebile kwizinto ezisebenzayo njenge-titanium okanye i-aluminiyam, udinga idyasi yobuso ekhethekileyo (efana ne-yttria-based slurry) ukunqanda ukusabela kweekhemikhali ezonakalisa umphezulu womhlaba. Sifumene oku ngendlela enzima ekuqhubeni kwangethuba kwamalungu ealloy asekwe kwi-cobalt. Umphezulu uphume umngxuma kwaye urhabaxa, ufuna umatshini wokugqiba ogqithisileyo noneendleko eziphezulu. Ukulungiswa kwakukwisinyathelo sokuqala: ukuqulunqwa kwe-ceramic. Ngoku lujongo olusemgangathweni kwiphepha lethu lenkqubo yeealloyi ezisebenzayo.
Ulawulo lomgangatho lelinye irhamncwa. I-shrinkage factor ye-17-4PH inxalenye yahlukile kuleyo ye-316 inxalenye, kwaye ayikho mgca. Iyakwazi ukuhluka kunye nobukhulu becandelo. Sigcina ugcino lwedatha yepateni ebanzi kunye nemiba yolungiso, eyakhiwe ukusuka kumlinganiselo wamakhulu wokusaswa kwenqaku lokuqala. I-empirical, hayi nje ithiyori. Xa umxhasi esithumelela ushicilelo olutsha inxalenye ekhethekileyo yentsimbi, asijongi nje kwimilinganiselo yokugqibela; Ngengqondo sibala imilinganiselo yepateni, ukugqwetheka okulindelekileyo, kwaye apho kuya kufuneka songeze isitokhwe somatshini. Ngumdaniso obuyela emva.
Ukungaphumeleli yiNdawo yeDatha
Awufundi kwimitsi egqibeleleyo. Ufunda kwabahamba ecaleni. Ndikhumbula ibhetshi yemizimba emikhulu yevalvu kwi-2205 duplex. Baphumelele zonke iitshekhi ze-dimensional kunye ne-PMI (i-Positive Material Identification). Kodwa kuvavanyo loxinzelelo, abambalwa babonise ukuvuza okuncinci kwindawo ye-weld ebaluleke kakhulu. Umoni? Ibhalansi yesigaba seFerrite-austenite ibicimile. Unyango lobushushu emva kwe-welding yayingalunganga ncam, ishiya indawo ene-ferrite ephezulu kakhulu, ibeka esichengeni ukuxhathisa umhlwa kunye nemfezeko. Izinto eziphathekayo zaziyi-2205, kodwa indawo yayo 'eyodwa'-isakhiwo sesigaba esilungeleleneyo-yalahleka ekuhlaleni. Kuye kwafuneka sihlaziye iprotocol yethu yonyango lobushushu emva kwe-weld ye-welds duplex welds. Ngoku, sihlala sicacisa kwaye senza ulawulo lobushushu be-interpass kunye nesisombululo se-post-weld annealing kwi-welds ebalulekileyo kwezi zixhobo.
Olunye ukusilela kweklasikhi kukuchaza ngokugqithisileyo. Umxhasi wake wagxininisa kwi-Alloy C276 (i-alloy esekelwe kwi-nickel egqwesileyo) inxalenye evezwe kwindawo ene-acidic epholileyo kwiqondo lokushisa. Ibiyi-overkill enkulu. Sicebise i-904L super austenitic, ebinokuthi isebenze ngokugqibeleleyo kwisiqingatha seendleko zemathiriyeli kwaye kube lula ukwenza umatshini. Zazimiliselwe kwezona zinto zibalaseleyo. Siyenzile, bahlawula iprimiyamu, kodwa yayisisigqibo esibi sobunjineli. Inxalenye yomsebenzi wethu kukubonisana, ukubuyisela umva ngobunono kunye nedatha. Ngamanye amaxesha uyaphumelela loo ncoko, ngamanye amaxesha awuphumeleli, kodwa kufuneka uzame.
La mava, amahle namabi, ngawona azisa inkqubo namhlanje. Xa ujonga izakhono ezidweliswe kwindawo efana https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, emva komgca ngamnye-i-alloys ezikhethekileyo, i-CNC machining, i-investment casting-kukho amabali alikhulu afana nalawa. Ayizonkonzo nje; bafundiswa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha basebenze nzima, iinkqubo.
Ukuhanjiswa Okusengqiqweni
Ke, ufumana ntoni umxhasi xa eodola inyani inxalenye ekhethekileyo yentsimbi ukusuka kumenzi othe nkqo odityanisiweyo? Abathengi nje isiqwenga sesinyithi esimiliselwe kumzobo. Bathenga ingcebiso yokukhetha izinto eziphathekayo (okanye ukuqinisekiswa), ubuchwephesha be-Foundry ukuyiphosa ngokuvakalayo, i-machining know-how how to cut it efficiently without incucing stress, and the quality checks that went over the caliper-like PMI, PT, RT, or corrosion testing xa kuyimfuneko.
Ukugqiba kubalulekile. Ipolishi yesipili inokuba yeyezithambiso, kodwa ukugqiba kweRa ethile (yithi, 0.8μm) kumphezulu wokutywina kuyasebenza. Kwiindawo ezikwimekobume zekloridi, ukudlula yimfuneko yokwandisa umaleko weoksidi yokwenziwa. Kodwa ukudlula i-duplex steel stainless ifuna i-asidi ye-nitric acid yokuhlamba eyahlukileyo kunye nobushushu kune-austenitic eqhelekileyo. Yifumane ingalunganga, kwaye unokwenza umhlwa.
Ekugqibeleni, kuxhomekeke ekuphatheni umbandela ngentlonelo ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni. Ukususela kumzuzu okhethiweyo we-alloy, ngokusebenzisa ivenkile yepateni, umgangatho we-Foundry, oomatshini be-CNC, kunye nokuhlolwa kokugqibela, inyathelo ngalinye lifuna ukwazi ukuba yintoni eyenza loo nto insimbi engenasici 'ikhethekileyo.' Ayingomlingo; yinto yesinyithi, i-mechanics, kunye nokuqwalaselwa okucokisekileyo kwiinkcukacha. Yiloo nto eguqula umyalelo wokuthenga ube yinto ethembekileyo eyenza kwintsimi iminyaka. Kwaye eso kuphela kwesiphumo esibaluleke ngokwenene.
