Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'intsimbi yokujula intsimbi', baba nomfanekiso wento emenyezelayo, enzima, kunye 'nemizi-mveliso' engacacanga. Leyo yimbono yokuqala ephosakeleyo. Inyani imbi kakhulu, inezinto ezininzi ngakumbi, kwaye ibandakanya ikhemistri kunye ne-thermodynamics njengoko isenza ngokunyanzeliswa kwesinyithi. Ayikokugalela nje isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo kumngxuma wesanti; imalunga nokulawula eziguquguqukayo ezilikhulu ukuthintela inxalenye ekuqhekekeni phantsi koxinzelelo lwayo lwe-thermal okanye ukubola kwibhafu ethile yeekhemikhali. Isiphelo osibonayo yi-10% yokugqibela yebali; i-90% yokuqala lidabi elichasene nefiziksi.
I-alloy ayisiyiyo Recipe, yindawo yokuQala
Abathengi bahlala beza nephepha elithile elithi 316L kwaye bacinge ukuba yiloo nto. Kodwa i-316L esuka kwi-Mill A inokuziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo kune-316L esuka kwi-Mill B ngenxa yokulandelela izinto kunye nezenzo zokunyibilika. Oku sikufunde kabuhlungu kwangethuba ngeqela lezindlu zempompo. Baphumelele zonke iicerts ezisemgangathweni kodwa baqala ukubonisa i-micro-fissures kwindawo ephezulu ye-chloride emva kweenyanga ezintandathu. I-alloy 'yayichanekile', kodwa imbali yemathiriyeli yayingalungelanga ukusetyenziswa. Ngoku, sichitha ixesha elininzi sixoxa ngendawo yokusebenza-i-pH, imijikelezo yobushushu, imidiya ye-abrasive-njengoko sisenza imilinganiselo yokudweba. I iinxalenye zokugalela intsimbi into yokulinganisa elwandle kunye nevalve yokulungisa ukutya inokuba yi-316L, kodwa iimfuno zabo ze-microstructural zahlukene zehlabathi.
Apha kulapho intsebenziswano yexesha elide ibalulekile. Inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kunye namashumi amathathu eminyaka yabo ekubumbeni nasematshinini, kusenokwenzeka ukuba banethala leencwadi elinzulu, elisebenzayo lendlela ukufudumeza okwahlukileyo kwe-stainless esebenza ngayo kwiqokobhe labo kunye neenkqubo zokubumba utyalo-mali. Loo nkumbulo yeziko yinto ongenakuyikhuphela kwi-database. Bakhankanya ukusebenza ngee-alloys ezikhethekileyo ezifana neze-nickel-based, ezindixelela ukuba baqhele ukujongana nokuziphatha okuqinileyo kokuqina kwesinyithi esisebenza kakhulu-i-stainless yindawo nje yokungena.
Ukugalela ngokwayo yifestile ebalulekileyo. Ujonge ukuhamba, indlela isinyithi esizalisa ngayo isikhunta-i-turbulent kakhulu kwaye ufumana i-oxide inclusions; ucotha kakhulu kwaye ufumana izivalo ezibandayo. Kuba nzima iinxalenye zokugalela intsimbi kunye namacandelo abhityileyo, sihlala sisebenzisa ukuphosa okuncediswa yivacuum okanye ukuthambeka ukugalela ukulawula oko kugcwaliswa. Ayiyondlela eqhelekileyo yokwenza umsebenzi ngamnye, kodwa sisixhobo osidingayo xa ijometri ifuna oko. Injongo sisakhiwo esixineneyo, esilinganayo kwasekuqaleni, kuba awukwazi ukwenza i-porosity ngomatshini.
Ijiyometri iyalela inkqubo (hayi enye indlela ejikeleze)
Lo ngumgaqo osisiseko. Awukhethi phakathi kokubumba iqokobhe kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali kuba enye 'ingcono'. Ukhetha ngenxa yokuba inxalenye ikuxelela ukuba wenze njalo. Ndikhumbula iblade ye-injini ye-injini eneetshaneli zokupholisa zangaphakathi ezingenakwenzeka umatshini. Indlela yodwa yayiyi-investment casting-ukudala i-ceramic core apho isinyithi sigalelwa khona. Ukususwa okungundoqo emva koko kukusebenza kwayo okuthambileyo. Ukubumba iqokobhe kwelinye icala, kuyamangalisa kubunzima obuphakathi, amalungu evolyum amakhulu anje ngemizimba yevalvu okanye izifakelo zemibhobho. Ukugqitywa komphezulu kulungile, ukunyamezelwa komda kuhloniphekile, kwaye kunoqoqosho ngakumbi kwiisayizi ezithile zebhetshi.
Uluhlu lwe-QSY lwezo zombini iqokobhe lokungunda kunye nokufakwa kotyalo-mali njengoko iingcali zixela. Kuthetha ukuba bona (okanye iinjineli zabo) banengqiqo yokuhambisa iprojekthi kwinkqubo efanelekileyo. Ndikhe ndabona iivenkile zizama ukunyanzela isikhonkwane esisikwere kumngxunya ongqukuva, kusetyenziswa utyalo-mali olulahlela i-flange elula kuba yile nto banayo, ivuthela uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali. I-smart foundry ivavanya inxalenye, ukunyamezela kwayo okufunekayo, ukugqitywa komphezulu (ixabiso le-Ra), kunye nobuninzi, emva koko icebisa indlela. Ngamanye amaxesha, ngenxalenye entsonkothileyo, yi-hybrid-utyalo-mali luphosa ubuqhetseba obukufutshane-nemilo, emva koko basebenzise ubuchule babo bomatshini be-CNC ukubetha imilinganiselo yokugqibela kunye nemisonto.
Ukuthetha ngomatshini, sesinye isiqingatha senyaniso. Inxalenye ephosiweyo ayifane ilungele ukuthunyelwa. Iindawo zokungena kufuneka zisuswe, imiphezulu yenziwe ngomatshini ukuze idibane nezinye izinto, imingxuma yombiwe kwaye icofazwe. Ukudityaniswa kokuphosa kunye ne-CNC phantsi kophahla olunye, njengoko i-QSY inenzuzo enkulu. Iqinisekisa ukuba oomatshini bayayiqonda impazamo enokwenzeka yokuphosa-njengalapho i-shrinkage porosity inokuthi ilale khona-kwaye banokucwangcisa ukusikwa kwabo ngokufanelekileyo. Ithintela umdlalo wokusola phakathi kwe-Foundry kunye nevenkile yomatshini xa isuntswana lesixhobo libetha isithuba esifihlakeleyo.
Iindleko ezifihlakeleyo: Uvavanyo olungonakalisi kunye nokuSetyenzwa kwakhona
Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweprojekthi yokuphosa luhlala lutyeshela isigaba sokuhlola kunye nokusebenza kwakhona. Apha kulapho ubunjani bokwenyani bungqinwa. Uvavanyo lwe-Dye penetrant (PT) yokuqhekeka komhlaba, uvavanyo lwe-radiographic (RT) kwi-voids yangaphakathi, ukuvavanywa koxinzelelo lwamacandelo atywiniweyo-nganye yongeza iindleko kunye nexesha. Kodwa ukuyitsiba kukungcakaza. Sabeka umgaqo: kuyo nayiphi na iinxalenye zokugalela intsimbi kwisicelo senkonzo yokhuseleko olubalulekileyo okanye oluqatha, iRT ayixoxiswana, nokuba i-spec yomxhasi ayibizi ngokucacileyo. Isisindise kwiintsilelo ezininzi zentsimi.
Ukuphinda kusebenze yenye into eyinyani. Ukungafani okuncinci kubumba, utshintsho oluncinci ngexesha lokuqina, kwaye unokuba neflange eyi-0.5mm ngaphandle kwe-spec. Ngaba inokusindiswa ngokuwelda kunye nokwenza kwakhona? Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba unewelder eqinisekisiweyo yebakala elithile le-stainless kwaye ulandele iprothokholi engqongqo yonyango lobushushu emva kwe-weld ukubuyisela ukuxhathisa umhlwa. Ngamanye amaxesha, yintsimbi. Ireyithi yesivuno yimetric engundoqo kuyo nayiphi na iFoundry. Isivuno esiphezulu sibonisa ulawulo olululo lwenkqubo. Xa uvavanya umthengisi, ukubuza malunga nenqanaba lesivuno eliqhelekileyo kumalungu afanayo kutyhila ngakumbi kunokucela nje ixabiso.
I-Special Alloys esecaleni
Ukusebenza nge-304 esemgangathweni okanye i-316 engenastainless iphantse ikuqeqeshele ukutsibela kwii-superalloys ezikhankanyiweyo ze-QSY, njenge-nickel okanye ezisekwe kwi-cobalt. Ezi ntsimbi zinzima kakhulu. I-viscous xa ityhidiwe, ithanda ukukrazuka okushushu, kwaye inzima kakhulu ekusebenziseni izixhobo ngexesha lomatshini. Imigaqo yokuqina okulawulwayo kunye nolawulo lwe-thermal oyifundayo kwi-stainless iyandiswa. Ukuba i-Foundry inakho ukusingatha ezo, icebisa ukuba ulawulo lwenkqubo yabo ye-stainless eqhelekileyo mhlawumbi iqinile kakhulu. Ngummeli olungileyo wesakhono.
Ngokomzekelo, i-gating kunye nenkqubo yokunyuka-iitshaneli ezondla isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo kwisigxina se-nickel-alloy casting ngumsebenzi wobugcisa bokulinganisa i-thermal. Awugcwalisi nje imilo; uqondisa ubushushu ukuqinisekisa ukuba awona macandelo ashinyeneyo aqina okokugqibela ukunqanda ukushwabana kwemingxuma. Ukucwangcisa ngononophelo okufanayo, kunye nezithinteli eziphezulu, kusebenza ekufuneni izicelo ezingenastainless. Konke kulawulo lobushushu.
Ingcamango yokuGqibela: YiNtsebenziswano, hayi ukuThenga
Ukuodola iinxalenye zokugalela intsimbi akufani nokuthenga iibholiti ngaphandle kweshelufu. Yintsebenziswano yobugcisa. Iiprojekthi eziphumelele kakhulu zenzeka xa umxhasi esabelana ngomxholo opheleleyo wokusetyenziswa kwenxalenye, kwaye i-Foundry ibonelela ngengxelo malunga noyilo lokwenziwa kwezinto-ecebisa ii-angles ezifihlakeleyo zedrafti, ukucebisa ubuninzi bodonga obufanayo, ukucebisa malunga nendawo yokubeka imigca yokuhlukana. Amava e-Foundry, njengeminyaka engama-30 ekubhekiselwa kuyo yi-QSY, ngoyena vimba weenkcukacha omkhulu wezinto ezisebenzayo nezingasebenziyo kwihlabathi lokwenyani.
Imveliso yokugqibela kufuneka ingabonakali. Akufunekanga isilele, akufuneki idle umhlwa phambi kwexesha, kufuneka isebenze. Oko kuthembeka xabiso lokwenene lokuphosa okwenziwe kakuhle, kude ngaphaya kwexabiso lekhilogram yensimbi engenasici. Sisiphumo sewaka elincinci, izigqibo ezichanekileyo ukusuka ekunyibilikeni ukuya ekuthumeni, uninzi lwazo umsebenzisi wokugqibela akasoze abone-kwaye yile ndlela kanye ekufanele ukuba ngayo.
