Xa usiva 'i-impeller', uninzi lucinga ukuba yi-fan blade empompeni okanye kwisixhumi. Leyo yimbono yokuqala ephosakeleyo. Enyanisweni, ijometri yayo-i-engile ye-blade, ukusonga, ububanzi bokuphuma-ilawula yonke into ukusuka ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwenkqubo ukuya kubomi bendibano iphela. Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi kakhulu apho i-impeller yayiye yacingelwa emva, ekhokelela kwingxolo ye-cavitation evakala njengegrabile kumbhobho okanye impompo ehamba ngokugcwala kakhulu kwiinyanga. Yintliziyo, hayi isincedisi.
UMtyholi kwiiNkcukacha zokuphosa
Ukufumana imilo echanekileyo kuqala ngokungunda. Kwii-impellers ezintsonkothileyo, ngakumbi iintlobo ezivaliweyo okanye ezivuleleke kancinci ezinosulelo oluqinileyo, utyalo-mali ludla ngokuba yeyona ndlela isebenzayo. Ukunyaniseka kwepateni yewax yinto yonke. Isiphene esincinci kwidayiti, ukungafani okuncinci, kuyaphindwa kumdlalo ngamnye. Ndikhumbula ibhetshi yempompo yebhilge yaselwandle apho imiphetho elandelanayo yeencakuba zazingqindilili ngakumbi kune-spec. Ayikhange isilele ekuhloleni imilinganiselo, kodwa ijiko lokwenziwa komsebenzi licinywe phantse nge-15%. Umoni? Ukushwabana kwewax akuzange kuhlawulwe ngokupheleleyo kuyilo lokufa. Eso sisifundo esixabisa imali eninzi esifundwe hayi kwibhodi yokuzoba, kodwa emva kokuba amakhulu amaqhekeza athululelwe.
Kulapho amava e-Foundry ebonisa khona. Inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), kunye namashumi eminyaka kwiqokobhe kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali, baya kufumana oku. Mhlawumbi babone yonke into ecuthekayo kunye neyokugqwethwa kwemeko kule ncwadi. Ukusebenza ngeentsimbi ezingenasici okanye i-nickel-based alloys kwi-corrosive duty yongeza enye ingqimba; ukuhamba kwesinyithi kunye namazinga okupholisa ahlukile. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa inkqubo ye-carbon steel. Umsebenzi wabo wexesha elide ucebisa ukuba bahlengahlengise iindlela zabo zobuchule kuzo zonke izixhobo, nto leyo ebalulekileyo.
Ngamanye amaxesha, umcimbi awukho ukuphosa kodwa ukucoca. Umphezulu we-as-cast kwindawo yolwimi lwe-volute okanye kwicala loxinzelelo lwe-blade ifuna ukugaya ngononophelo. Gcoba indawo enye, kwaye utshintshe iprofayile yehydraulic. Ndinyanzelise ukuba ndisebenzise izikhokelo zokusila ezibonisa itemplates kwi-impellers ezibaluleke kakhulu, ezithi ezinye iivenkile zifumanise ukuba ziyadika. Kodwa yiloo nto okanye umngcipheko wokungcangcazela kwe-harmonic kamva.
Machining: Apho Theory Dibana Chuck
Nokuba ukuphosa okugqibeleleyo kufuna umatshini ochanekileyo. I-bore ye-shaft, ubuso be-hub, kwaye ngokugqithiseleyo, ukulinganisa okuguquguqukayo. Kulapho i-CNC ibonakalisa ukubaluleka kwayo. Udinga umatshini onokubamba ukunqunyulwa okuphazamisekileyo kweeblades ngaphandle kwengxoxo. Ndasebenza kwiprojekthi ye-double-suction impeller apho ivenkile yokuqala yazama ukutshiza i-blade surfaces nge-standard 3-axis approach. Isiphelo saso sasibi kakhulu, yaye ibhalansi yayiliphupha elibi—kwakufuna ukugrunjwa ngokugqithiseleyo.
Ukuseta okufanelekileyo kwe-multi-axis kungcono. Ikuvumela ukuba usondele ngakumbi kwi-contours ye-blade. Iinkcukacha zobugcisa kwi https://www.tsingtaocnc.com baqaqambise izakhono zabo ze-CNC, eyona nto ifunekayo. Kwi-high-speed pump impeller, i-balance grade (njenge-G2.5 okanye i-G1.0) icacisiwe. Ukuzuza oko akukokuthabatha nje ubunzima; imalunga nokufana kokuqala ukusuka kumatshini. Ukuba i-CNC isebenza kwi-hub kunye neeblades zi-symmetric, ulungiso lokulinganisa luncinci kwaye aluphazamisi imfezeko yesakhiwo.
Sakhe safumana ezinye i-compressor impellers kwi-cobalt-based alloy. Oomatshini yayisisilo. Umsebenzi wezinto eziphathekayo unzima ngokukhawuleza. Ivenkile kwafuneka ilungelelanise ukutya, isantya, kunye nokusebenzisa izixhobo ezithile zokugquma phakathi komsebenzi. Yayingengomsebenzi weencwadi zokufunda; ibisoloko ilungiswa ngokusekwe kuqwalaselo lokunxiba kwesixhobo. Ivenkile esebenza ngoomatshini bentsimbi ethambileyo kuphela ibinokuwatshabalalisa iindawo.
UKhetho Lwezinto eziphathekayo alukho malunga nokuMhlwa nje
Wonke umntu ukhetha i-316 engenastainless yamanzi olwandle. Sisiqalo esihle. Kodwa kwizicelo ezinesantya esiphezulu, njengakwimpompo ye-booster enezigaba ezininzi, amandla ezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokumelana nokudinwa kuba yeyona nto iphambili. I-impeller ye-iron inokuba kakuhle kwi-1800 rpm, kodwa kwi-3600 rpm, uxinzelelo lwe-centrifugal luphindwe kane. Kulapho ujonga i-duplex engenastainless okanye i-nickel alloys efana ne-Inconel 725.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi ye-retrofit apho satshintsha i-impellers zentsimbi kunye ne-iron yomgangatho ophezulu we-ductile iron kwimpompo eludaka, sicinga ukuba yomelele. Ibinjalo, kodwa iphinde yaphuka ngakumbi. Impembelelo evela kumasuntswana aqinileyo ibangele iintanda ezincinci kwingcambu yeblade, ekhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwentlekele. Sabuya umva saza sasebenzisa imartensitic eqinileyo—eqina ngakumbi, kungekhona nje eqinile. QSYUkukhankanywa kokusebenza ngeealloyi ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-cobalt kunye ne-nickel-isekwe ngundoqo apha. Oku kuthetha ukuba bayabuqonda obu buchwephesha besixhobo esithile, hayi nje ikhemistri.
Ngamanye amaxesha ukhetho olungalunganga malunga nokugcinwa kweendleko kwizinto eziphathekayo ngokwazo, kodwa uyayihoxisa iindleko ezipheleleyo. Isishukumisi sentsimbi yekhabhoni efikelelekayo kwindawo eneasidi encinci sinokuhlala unyaka. Ixesha lokuphumla kunye nokutshintshwa kwabasebenzi kuxabisa ngokuphindwe kashumi kunomahluko wezinto eziphathekayo. Lubala olulula abasebenzisi abasoloko bephoswa.
Udibaniso kunye neNkqubo yeNkqubo
I-impeller ayisebenzi yodwa. Ukusebenza kwayo kubotshelelwe kucoceko lwe-volute casing, ubumbeko lombhobho wokufunxa, kunye nevalve esezantsi. Impazamo yeklasikhi ifaka i-impeller ephezulu kwi-casing endala, egugileyo kunye nokunyuswa kwangaphakathi kwangaphakathi. Inzuzo yokusebenza ayinanto ngenxa yokuba ilahleko yokuphinda ijikelezwe kwakhona idle zonke izibonelelo.
Sayivavanya kanye lento. Entsha, elungiselelwe impeller kwicasing entsha hit 82% ukusebenza kakuhle. I-impeller efanayo kwi-casing ene-0.5mm yokukhutshwa kweringi ebanzi (esengaphakathi kwemida yokuhlaziya evumelekileyo) yehle yaya kutsho kuma-78%. Leyo yidatha yelizwe lokwenyani ongayi kuyifumana kwiphepha elithile. Ukulingana, ngakumbi ngeringi ezitshintshayo zokunxiba, sisithethe sogcino esiye singahoywa.
Omnye umba wenkqubo yi-Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH). I-impeller ephoswe kakuhle kunye nomatshini iya kuhlala i-cavitate ukuba inkqubo ye-NPSHA iphantsi kakhulu. Ndiye ndabizwa ukuba ndixilonge ukusilela kwe-impeller apho iincakuba zikhukuliswe khona, kodwa ndafumanisa ukuba umba wawusisihluzo sokungena esivalekileyo okanye umgca wokufunxa ongaphantsi kweemitha ezintathu ukuya phezulu. I-impeller yaba lixhoba, kungekhona unobangela.
Ukungaphumeleli njengeSixhobo sokuxilonga
Ufunda ngakumbi kwi-impeller engaphumeleliyo kunomntu ogqibeleleyo. Ipateni yokwaphuka ibalisa ibali. Ukudinwa kukuqhekeka okusasazeka kwingcambu yencakuba? Ukungcangcazela okunokubakho okanye isiphene sezinto eziphathekayo. Ukhukuliseko olufanayo kwicala eliphambili? Cavitation. Ukuphonswa kwendawo kwiincakuba ezithile? Isenokuba sisiphazamiso esivela kwingqiniba ekufutshane. Ndigcina igalari yeefoto ezingaphumeleliyo. Yeyona imathiriyeli yoqeqesho yeqela lam.
Ityala elinye elikhumbulekayo yayiyi-impeller eyacheba icocekile kwindawo. Ingcamango yokuqala yayiyimpazamo yokuphosa. Uhlalutyo lwe-Metallurgical lubonise izinto ezilungileyo. Uphando olongezelelekileyo luyilandelele ukuya kungcangcazelo lwefrikhwensi ephezulu ukusuka kumanyano olungalungelelanisiweyo oludale iresonance ye-torsional ngqo kwi-impeller's natural frequency. Ulungiso yayingeloyilo lwe-impeller entsha, kodwa ludibaniso oluqinileyo kunye nolungelelwaniso lwelaser oluchanekileyo. I-impeller yayiyi-canary kumgodi wamalahle kumcimbi obanzi womatshini.
Kungenxa yoko le nto lonke ikhonkco lokuvelisa libalulekile. Umsunguli kunye noomatshini abafana QSY enikezela ngeenkonzo ezidibeneyo ukusuka ekugaleleni ukuya kwi-CNC machining ibonelela ngenzuzo ehambelanayo. Balawula iinguqu ezininzi. Ukuba ukusilela kuyenzeka, uhlalutyo lwengcambu lulula-awujongani nababoneleli ababini abahlukeneyo betyhola inkqubo yomnye. Kumsebenzisi wokugqibela, oko kulandeleka kuxabisekile, nokuba ayisoloko inexabiso eliphantsi.
Iingcamango Zokuqukumbela: Yinkqubo yendalo
Ngoko, ukuthetha nge impeller alikhe libe malunga necandelo elinye. Imalunga nobuchule bokuphosa obuthimba injongo yehydraulic, umatshini oqonda ukuchaneka kwawo, imathiriyeli esinda kwindawo yayo yokusebenza, kunye nenkqubo ehlala kuyo. Yimveliso yazo zombini ubugcisa kunye nesayensi-i-empirical tweaks eyakhelwe kwiigophe zethiyori. Ezona zibalaseleyo zivela kwintsebenziswano phakathi kwenjineli yoyilo owaziyo indawo yomsebenzi kunye neqabane lokuvelisa eliyazi ukuba isinyithi siziphatha njani xa uzama ukuyibumba. Olo budlelwane, olwakhiwe kwiminyaka emininzi kunye nokuphindaphinda okungenakubalwa, yinto eguqula umzobo ube yinxalenye ethembekileyo ejikelezayo. Ayinabukhazikhazi, kodwa xa ilungile, yonke inkqubo ivele ivumzele.
