Xa usiva 'i-ultra high precision machining', iingqondo ezininzi zitsibela ngqo kwi-micron-level yokunyamezela kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu okungenasiphako. Leyo yinxalenye yayo, ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa yinto elula ukuthetha ngayo. Ibali lokwenyani liqala xa uqonda ukuba ukubetha loo manani kwi-billet egqibeleleyo, yokunciphisa uxinzelelo kwilebhu elawulwa yimozulu yinto enye. Ukuziphumeza ngokuthe gqolo kwinto entsonkothileyo, njenge-cast component kwi-injini yomoya yaselwandle okanye ukufakelwa koqhaqho, imini nemihla, kulapho umsebenzi wobugcisa wahlukana khona nemveliso. Kulapho iminyaka engamashumi amathathu yokuphatha yonke into ukusuka kwi-gummy nickel alloys ukuya kwi-brittle cast irons ikufundisa ukuba ukuchaneka akuyomveliso nje yomatshini; yinkqubo eyakhelwe phezu kolindelo kunye nokulawulwa kokuthobelana.
Isiseko: Iqala phambi kokuba i-Spindle ijike
Awunakho ukutshixa into ongenakuyilinganisa ngokuthembekileyo, kwaye awukwazi ukubamba ngokuchanekileyo kwindawo ekulwelayo ukusuka ngaphakathi ukuya ngaphandle. Lo ngumgibe wokuqala omkhulu endiwubonayo: iivenkile zicaphula kwimilinganiselo yoshicilelo yodwa, zingayihoyi imbali yezinto. Ngokuchithwa kotyalo-mali okanye ukubunjwa kweqokobhe, elishishini elingundoqo kuthi Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), inxalenye ifika kunye nenkcazo yayo yangaphakathi-uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo olusuka ekupholiseni, ukuhluka okuncinci kwindonga yodonga, i-micro-porosity enokubakho. Ukutsibela ngqo ukugqiba ukupasa kuyindlela yokuguqula emva komatshini, nokuba ilungile kangakanani i-CNC yakho.
Ukuseta kunye neqhinga lokulungisa liba yinto ebalulekileyo, ehlala ingahoywa, inxalenye ye ukuchaneka okuphezulu okuphezulu. Ngomzimba wevalufa ye-cobalt esekwe kwixabiso eliphezulu, sinokuchitha ixesha elininzi siyila kwaye sisenza uhlengahlengiso lwemodyuli yesiko kunenxalenye yenqaku lokuqala. Injongo kukuxhasa inxalenye ngendlela elinganisa imeko yayo yokugqibela efakiweyo, ukuze ungatshixeki kuxinzelelo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ibandakanya ulandelelwano lweqhinga: i-op erhabaxa, i-thermal soak ukukhulula oko sikungenisileyo, emva koko sibuyele kumdlalo wokugqiba isiqingatha. Ayisebenzi kakuhle ephepheni, kodwa kuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa uzinzo.
Lo msebenzi usisiseko ubophelela ngqo emva kubuchwephesha bokuphosa. Ngenxa yokuba siphatha ukuphosa ngaphakathi endlwini, ukusuka kwinkqubo yokubumba iqokobhe lejiyometri entsonkothileyo ukuya kwimodeli yoqilima yeealloyi ezikhethekileyo, sinokuqonda kwinqanaba le-forensic apho imiceli mngeni iya kuba khona kwisitokhwe. Leyo yinzuzo engabonakaliyo. Ivenkile yomatshini ecocekileyo ifumana ibhokisi emnyama; sibonile umjikelo wobomi benxalenye. Oku kuvumela indlela yobuchwephesha obukrelekrele ngakumbi ukusuka kulungiselelo lokuqala.
Isixhobo sikaMatshini njengeqabane, hayi iGqirha
I-obsession ihlala iyinto entsha, ekhawulezayo, ebiza kakhulu i-5-axis mill. Ungandivi kakubi, amandla ngundoqo. Kodwa ndibone ukuchaneka okuthe kratya okulahlekileyo kumatshini oshushu kumatshini ongahoywanga okanye kwitheyiphu yokuphotha egugileyo kwiziko 'lomgangatho wobugcisa' kunokunqongophala kwe-axis yesithandathu. Ulawulo lokusingqongileyo aluxoxiswana. Sithetha ngeholo ezinikeleyo apho iqondo lobushushu libanjwa ngaphakathi kwe-±1°C band, hayi nje ngomatshini, kodwa elebhu ye-metrology kunye neendawo ezikumgca. Inxalenye, igeyiji, kunye nomatshini zonke kufuneka ziculwe kwicwecwe elinye lamaculo ashushu.
Ulawulo lwesixhobo ngomnye umbulali othuleyo wokuchaneka. Ngezinto ezifana ne-Inconel okanye iStellite, i-edge yokusika ayigqoki nje; inokwenza i-micro-chip okanye iphuhlise i-edge eyakhiweyo kwimizuzu nje, ithoba umgangatho ogqityiweyo kunye nemfezeko yomda kwakudala ngaphambi kokuba isixhobo 'siphumelele'. Siqhuba umxube weenguqu ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nokubeka iliso kwinkqubo, ukuphulaphula ukusika kunye nokubukela ii-curves zokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Kukho ubugcisa bokwazi umahluko phakathi kwesandi esiphilileyo, esinobundlongondlongo esisikiwe kwintsimbi engatyiwayo kunye nokuqala kwengxoxo eya konakalisa ukujikeleza kwebhore.
Kwaye ke kukho isoftware, inkqubo yeCAM. Kuba ukuchaneka okuphezulu kakhulu usebenza, awusoloko usebenzisa iindlela zesixhobo ezinobundlobongela, zokususa izinto. Usebenzisa iindlela ezicothayo, ezingaguquguqukiyo zothethathethwano-i-trochoidal milling, i-scallop-height engaguqukiyo ukugqiba-ebeka phambili umthwalo wesixhobo oqikelelwayo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu ngaphezu kwesantya esiluhlaza. Inkqubo yesibiyeli se-titanium ye-aerospace inokubonakala icocekile, kwaye ineentloni, kumntu oqhele ukwenza i-aluminiyam. Kodwa lulawulo olukuvumela ukuba ubambe indawo eyinyani ye-?0.025mm kwiifitsha ezininzi.
I-Metrology Feedback Loop
Ukuchaneka kuchazwa ngomlinganiselo, ukumisa ngokupheleleyo. Ubuchule bakho bokusebenza bulungile kuphela njengokukwazi kwakho ukubuqinisekisa. Ukuhlolwa kwenkqubo sisixhobo esihle sokuhlawulela ukulungiswa kokulungiswa okanye ukwahluka kwesitokhwe esincinci, kodwa ayilogama lokugqibela. Kwiimpawu ezibalulekileyo, yonke into iphuma kumatshini kwaye iye kwilebhu ye-metrology elawulwa yimozulu. Kulapho ujongana khona nomculo.
Sithembele kakhulu kwi-CMM ye-Zeiss Contura, kodwa nakwikhithi ekhethekileyo: iprofilometers ephezulu yokulungiswa kwendawo yokulinganisa i-Ra / Rz ebusweni bokutywinwa, kunye nokuthelekisa okubonakalayo kwiiprofayili ze-2D ezinzima. Idata ayenzelwanga nje ukupasa/isitampu sokusilela. Itya ngqo emva koomatshini kunye nabadwelisi beprogram. Ukuba sibona ukutenxa okungaguqukiyo kwi-Z-axis yophawu oluthile, mhlawumbi kukho isixa esincinci sokuphambuka kwesixhobo esingakhange siphendule ngaso. Inkqubo yecandelo elilandelayo ifumana uhlengahlengiso lwe-2-micron. Le loop ivaliwe, iyakhawuleza, kwaye ayicwangciswanga-inqaku elibhaliweyo kushicilelo, ukugoba ngokukhawuleza kwimonitha. Kulapho inkqubo yethiyori idibana nenyani ebonakalayo yaloo bhetshi yemathiriyeli.
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kumacandelo amiselwe ukudityaniswa, njengotyalo-mali oluchanekileyo olwenziwe ngoomatshini bezindlu esizivelisayo kwiinkqubo zamanzi. Ilungu elinye elikhutshwe zii-microns ezimbalwa linokuphumelela uhlolo lwalo, kodwa libangele ukubophelela okanye ukuvuza kwindibano yokugqibela. Idatha ye-metrology isinceda sitshintshe umbindi webhendi yethu yonyamezelo ukuya 'kwindawo eswiti' ukuze ilingane, hayi ukujolisa nje idimension yesiqhelo. Yinto esebenzayo, utoliko oluqhutywa sisicelo lokuchaneka.
Isixhobo yi-Wild Card
Apha kulapho intetho yoomatshini yegeneric yahlukana khona. Ultra high precision machining yentsimbi ethambileyo luqeqesho olwahluke kakhulu kunokwenza kwimvula-yokuqina eqinile njenge-17-4PH, okanye i-nickel-based superalloy. Isixhobo ngasinye sibuyela umva ngendlela yaso. Oomatshini bentsimbi etyhidiweyo bahle kodwa barhabaxa, bafuna ngononophelo ukukhethwa kwezixhobo. Iintsimbi ze-Austenitic stainless zisebenza nzima, ke ukuba izinga lakho lokutya liphantsi kakhulu okanye isixhobo sakho asibukhali ngokwaneleyo, usebenza ngokubandayo umphezulu, usenza ipasi elandelayo ibenzima kwaye uyonakalisa ubomi besixhobo.
Ii-alloys ezikhethekileyo-i-cobalt kunye ne-nickel-based esihlala sisebenza ngayo QSY— bakwiqela labo. Bagcina amandla kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, nto leyo ilungile ekusetyenzisweni kokugqibela kwiiiturbines okanye ukusetyenzwa kweekhemikhali, kodwa yoyikeka kumatshini. Ubushushu buhlala kwi-chip kunye nesixhobo, kungekhona inxalenye. Oku kufuna iijiyometri zesixhobo esingaqhelekanga, isisipholisi soxinzelelo oluphezulu olujoliswe ngqo kumda wokusika, kunye nokulungela kwengqondo kwizantya ezicothayo. 'Ukuchaneka' apha kuninzi malunga nokulawula igalelo lobushushu ukunqanda ukugqwetheka kwenxalenye kunye nomonakalo womphezulu wengqibelelo njengoko imalunga nokubetha imilinganiselo.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yecandelo le-Monel apho sifumene iziphumo ezigqibeleleyo zokulinganisa kwi-run yokuqala, kodwa i-residual tensile stress from machining yabangela ukuba iqhekeke ngexesha le-EDM yesibini yeeveki emva koko. Inxalenye ngokobuchwephesha 'kwi-spec' de kube yayingekho. Sifunde ukuba ngezinye zezi ngxubevange ezinovakalelo, isicwangciso-qhinga kufuneka sibandakanye ulawulo loxinzelelo njenge-KPI ephambili, nokuba kuthetha ukongeza inyathelo eliphakathi lokuvala. Ushicilelo aluyibizi loo nto, kodwa amava akwenza oko.
Umba woMntu kunye neemvakalelo
I-automation iyamangalisa ngokuphindaphinda. Kodwa yinyani ukuchaneka okuphezulu kakhulu umsebenzi, ngakumbi kwivolumu ephantsi, iindawo ezinobunzima obuphezulu, intuition ye-machinist esele isetyenzisiwe iseyona algorithm yokugqibela. Ngumfana oqaphela i-harmonic eyahluke kancinane kwisandi sokuphotha ngexesha lokugqiba kwi-bore enzulu kwaye uthathe isigqibo sokumisa, jonga isixhobo, kwaye mhlawumbi uhlengahlengise ukuhamba okupholileyo. Ngamava ukujonga inxalenye yenqaku lokuqala esitsha kumatshini, phambi kwengxelo yeCMM, kwaye yalathe kwinto ethi, Elo gxalaba linokuba sisibini seshumi ukuphakama, sisekelwe kwinto enye ngaphandle kokubonakala kokusikwa.
Le mvakalelo yakhelwe kumawaka eeyure kwaye, ngokubalulekileyo, kwiintsilelo. Siye salahla iindawo ezibizayo. Wonke umntu obekulo mdlalo uye. Undoqo kukwakha inkcubeko apho ezo ntsilelo zibhengezwa ngaphandle kokusola. Ngaba yayikungahambelani kwezinto ezivela kwinyibilika? Ukongamela inkqubo kwinguqu yendlela yesixhobo? Ikholethi ebingacocekanga ncam njengoko ikhangeleka? Olo vavanyo lokufa luxabiseke ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na incwadi. Idala ulwazi lweziko olugqithiswayo, kaninzi ngendlela yemithetho elula yevenkile okanye izinto zoluhlu lokukhangela ezongezwa kumhambi ngelo candelo elithile.
Ekupheleni kosuku, iwebhusayithi, https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, singadwelisa amandla ethu kwi-CNC machining kunye nobuchule bezinto eziphathekayo. Kodwa into engakwaziyo ukuyichaza ngokupheleleyo yile nto iqokelelweyo, phantse ukuqonda okuchukumisayo malunga nendlela isinyithi esiziphatha ngayo phantsi komsiki. Ngumahluko phakathi kokusebenza komatshini kunye nokucwangcisa inkqubo. Injongo ye ukuchaneka okuphezulu okuphezulu ayikokwenza nje inxalenye ekhangeleka kakuhle kwingxelo yeCMM; kukuhambisa icandelo elisebenza ngokungenasiphako, ngokuqikelelwa kwangaphambili, ngokwenjongo yalo, nokuba iphantsi kolwandle okanye ngaphakathi emzimbeni womntu. Kwaye olo hambo luhlala luqala ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba ikhowudi ye-G iqhube.
