Xa usiva 'intsimbi engenastainless cast kwisixhobo samandla', iingqondo ezininzi zitsibela kwii turbines okanye kwimikhumbi yereactor. Nantso into ekhazimlayo yencwadana. Okwenyani, elona candelo ligcina iinjineli ebusuku, zizinto ongaziboniyo: izinto ezininzi ezintsonkothileyo ezingcwatywe kwizityalo ze-geothermal, imizimba yevalvu yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwimithi yeKrisimesi engaphantsi kolwandle, iipompu zempompo zesiko eziphethe i-CO2 ephezulu. Umsantsa phakathi kwenkcazo ephepheni kunye nenxalenye esinda kwiminyaka engama-25 ebaleni kulapho kwenzeka khona umsebenzi wangempela. Asikokuba 'singabinabala' kuphela; imalunga nokuqonda i-cocktail ethile ye-corrosion eya kujongana nayo-i-H2S, i-chlorides, i-oxidation yobushushu obuphezulu-kwaye ujikeleze inkqubo yokuphosa ukuya apho ngaphandle kokudala ubuthathaka obutsha. Uninzi lweeprojekthi ziyasilela hayi ngenxa yokuba ibakala lemathiriyeli lalingalunganga, kodwa ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yokufunyanwa yazisa ukungangqinelani okubonisa kuphela emva kwemijikelo embalwa ye-thermal. Nantso ke incasa.
UKhetho lweMaterial ayiloBanga nje elikwiDatasheet
Thatha i-CF8M (i-cast elingana ne-316 engenasici). Wonke umntu uyayichaza kwiinkqubo zokupholisa amanzi olwandle. Kodwa ukuba inkqubo yakho yotyalo-mali ayilawulwa ngokuqinileyo, ubeka umngcipheko kwimiba ye-delta ferrite okanye imvula ye-carbide kwiindawo ezichatshazelwe bubushushu emva kwe-welding. Ndibone ibhetshi yeeadaptha zempompo zisilela ukuqhekeka koxinzelelo lwangaphambi kwexesha ngenxa yokuba umxholo we-ferrite wawusekupheleni kwe-spec. Igqithise iicerts, kodwa imeko-bume yehlabathi yokwenyani yatyhala ngaphezulu komda. Sifunda ntoni? Umgangatho we-ASTM sisiqalo, ayisosiqinisekiso. Ufuna isiseko esiqonda i-metallurgy, hayi nje ukubumba.
Kulapho abadlali bexesha elide bathanda khona Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY) yiba nomphetho. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 kwiqokobhe kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali, banokuthi bagalele phantse yonke impazamo kulawulo lwabo lwenkqubo. Xa sele esebenza ixesha elide, ubonile ukuba kwenzeka ntoni xa i-CF8M iphosa i iicasts steel stainless zezixhobo zamandla usetyenziso luphola ngokucothayo kakhulu, okanye xa isixokelelwano sokungena senxalenye entsonkothileyo ye-super duplex sazisa isiphithiphithi. Loo nkumbulo yeziko ayinakubuyiselwa. Kungenxa yoko le nto ugxininiso lwabo intsimbi engenasici kunye ne-alloys ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-nickel-based based based-based-ezi zizinto apho iziphene zenkqubo ziyintlekele, kungekhona nje izimonyo.
Kumalungu e-geothermal energy, umngeni uyatshintsha. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuncinci malunga neekloridi kunye nokunye malunga nomxube we-sulfides, i-chlorides, kunye ne-pH ephantsi kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu. Umgangatho wama-304 unokungawusikeli. Safudukela kwi-austenitic yodidi oluphezulu ene-nickel ne-molybdenum, kodwa ukuyilahla kakuhle—siphepha ukulila kwiindawo ezishinyeneyo zezindlu ezahlulahlulayo—yayiyinto eyothusayo. Kuthathe ukuphindaphindwa kathathu kuyilo lokutyisa kunye nokunyuka kunye ne-Foundry ukufumana isandi. Imodeli yeCAD yayigqibelele; ukulinganisa ukuqinisa kwakunethemba. Okwenyani kwiyadi ye-Foundry yayalela uyilo lokugqibela.
Kutheni iNkqubo iyalela ukusebenza: iShell vs. Investment
Ukubunjwa komngundo weqokobhe kuhle kakhulu kwiifomu ezinkulu, ezilula ngakumbi-cinga imizimba yevalvu okanye iiflange izixhobo zamandla. Inika umphezulu ofanelekileyo ukugqiba kwaye indleko-esebenzayo. Kodwa ngomsebenzi ontsonkothileyo wokwenyani-imilomo yeinjini yomoya epholileyo yangaphakathi, ii-impellers ezineevane ezijijekileyo-ukwindawo yotyalo-mali. Ukuchaneka kwe-dimensional kunye nokunyaniseka komphezulu kwahlukile. Ingxaki kukuba, abathengi abaninzi babona 'insimbi engenasici' kwaye bathenga ngexabiso ngekhilogram nganye, hayi kubuchule benkqubo obufunekayo kumsebenzi wenxalenye.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi ye-syngas compressor part. Ijiyometri ifuna utyalo mali. Omnye umthengisi ucatshulwe esebenzisa inkqubo yeqokobhe elingumxube ukonga iindleko. Amacandelo abukeka alungile ekuqaleni, kodwa ngexesha le-HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing), i-micro-porosity eyayiza kupheliswa kwinkqubo yotyalo-mali efanelekileyo edityanisiweyo, ebangela ukuvuza kwendlela. Ilahleko iyonke. Ukongiwa kweendleko kwacinywa izihlandlo ezilishumi ngaphezulu. Iwebhusayithi tsngtaocnc.com ibonisa i-QSY yenza zombini, ehlakaniphile. Kuthetha ukuba banokucebisa inkqubo eyiyo esekwe kumzobo, hayi nje into elungele umgangatho wabo wevenkile. Olo sukelo lubalulekile.
Amanyathelo asemva kokuphosa kulapho 'iteknoloji' kwigama lenkampani yabo, iQiangsenyuan Technology, ibaluleke ngokwenene. I-casting yi-embryo erhabaxa. Ngomzimba we-hydraulic actuator kwinkqubo yamandla olwandle, iipaseji zangaphakathi zifuna ukugqitywa okufana nesipili ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka kunye ne-cavitation. Kulapho ukudityaniswa kwabo koomatshini be-CNC kungena khona. Ukuba noomatshini phantsi kophahla olufanayo njenge-Foundry kubavumela ukuba bayile i-casting kunye ne-machining datums kunye nezibonelelo zesitokhwe engqondweni ukususela ngosuku lokuqala. Iphelisa umdlalo onetyala phakathi kwesiseko kunye nevenkile yomatshini xa ukunyamezelana kuqokelelwa.
Umda weAlloy: Ngaphaya koMgangatho ongenaStainless
Njengoko iisistim zamandla zityhala kakhulu, umgangatho we-300-series engenastainless isoloko ibetha imida yayo. Kulapho ii-alloys ezikhethekileyo zingena khona. I-alloys esekwe kwi-nickel efana ne-Inconel 625 yee-manifolds zokukhupha ubushushu obuphezulu, okanye i-alloys esekwe kwi-cobalt kwiimeko ezinzima kunye neemeko ezibuhlungu kwi-valve trim. Ukuphosa ezi sisilo esahlukileyo. Intsimbi i-viscous, ithanda ukuhlukana, kwaye unyango lobushushu lubalulekile.
Siye sazama nge-alloy ye-nickel-chromium yobunini yecandelo kwinkqubo yombane welanga (CSP) egxininisiweyo. Ibhayisekile eshushu yayibuhlungu—iqondo lobushushu begumbi ukuya kuma-800°C yonke imihla. I-alloy yayichanekile, kodwa amaqokobhe otyalo-mali okuqala asabela ngentsimbi kuloo maqondo obushushu, edala umaleko womphezulu ongenwayo. Isisombululo, esiphuhliswa yi-Foundry elungileyo ngolingo kunye nempazamo, ibiyindlela eyahlukileyo yokwenziwa kodaka lweqokobhe. Yile ngcaciso emfutshane, iinkcukacha zenkqubo engathandekiyo ezahlula inxalenye esebenzayo ukusuka ethembekileyo.
Eli lixabiso leqabane elinepotfoliyo yemathiriyeli ebanzi, njengoko kubonisiwe kwingqwalasela ye-QSY. Azimiselwanga nje usapho olunye lwealloyi. Iziko, izinto zokubumba, iiprothokholi zokunyanga ukushisa-kufuneka zilungelelanise. Xa ukhangela into ebalulekileyo iicasts steel stainless zezixhobo zamandla icandelo, ufuna ukuba ukuziqhelanisa. Awufuni ukuba yihagu yeguinea kumzamo wokuqala we-Foundry kwibakala eliphezulu le-duplex.
Ukusilela njengoMsebenzi wokuNyanzela kuLawulo
Yonke isiseko inamabali alowo ubalekileyo. Eyomntu: iseti ye-ASTM A351 CK3MCuN (super duplex) yokusahlelwa kwempompo yokutofa kwamanzi olwandle. Baphumelele yonke i-PMI (i-Positive Material Identification), iimvavanyo zoomatshini, kunye ne-ferrite scans. Kodwa enkonzweni, baqhekeka kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa. Oyena nobangela? Imvula yesigaba se-Intermetallic kwicandelo elishinyeneyo elipholise nje iqhezu kancinane kakhulu ngexesha lokufakwa kwesisombululo. Amakhuphoni ovavanyo, athathwe kwindawo eqhelekileyo, ayelungile. Ingxaki ibifihliwe emzimbeni.
Oko kusilela kunyanzelise ukuba sitshintshe indlela esifaneleke ngayo amaziko. Ngoku akukho malunga neecerts kuphela. Imalunga nokuphicotha iilogs zabo zolawulo lwenkqubo kubo bonke ubushushu: ubushushu obuthululwayo, ubushushu bokungunda, iigophe zesantya sokupholisa, ixesha lokufunxa isisombululo kunye nesantya sokucima. I-Foundry esele idlule koku, njengotyando oluneminyaka engama-30 ubudala, iya kuba nolu lawulo luzinziswe kuba bezikhe zatshiswa ngaphambili. Bayayiqonda loo nto izixhobo zamandla, ukuphosa akuyonto nje yokuthengisa; lityala ukuba iyasilela.
Impendulo yokusilela ixela. Iqabane elilungileyo liya kuntywila kwi-metallurgy, icandelo lenxalenye, lenze uhlalutyo lwe-SEM, kwaye lihlaziye amaxwebhu enkqubo yawo. Umthengisi wentengiselwano uya kugxeka i-cert yezinto eziphathekayo okanye iimeko zokusebenza. Eyangaphambili ijika ilahleko ibe yikhono lexesha elide.
Intlawulo yoManyano: Ukusuka kwiCAD ukuya kwiKhomishini
Eyokugqibela, ehlala ingahoywa, iqhekeza lesandla esingenamthungo ukusuka ekujuleni ukuya kwindawo egqityiweyo. Kwizinto ezininzi ezintsonkothileyo ezidinga ukwenziwa kwe-multiple bore machining, ukuthunga, kunye novavanyo olungonakalisi (NDT), ukuthumela i-raw casting kwivenkile yoomatshini bomntu wesithathu kwazisa umngcipheko kunye nexesha. Iimpazamo zobukhulu zifunyanwa emva kweeveki, ngokukhombana ngomnwe macala onke.
Ukuba nomatshini odibeneyo we-CNC, njengoko i-QSY isenza, iwa phantsi lo mgca wexesha. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, ivumela ubunjineli obufanayo. I-Foundry inokucebisa ngokudibanisa iidrafti ezincinci okanye i-radii ukuphucula ukuchithwa ngaphandle kokuchaphazela umsebenzi. Oomatshini banokucebisa ekongezeni izibonelelo zoomatshini kwiindawo ezingabalulekanga ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke ubuso obubalulekileyo bucocwa. Le mva-kunye-phambili ngexesha loyilo lwenqanaba apho umgangatho omkhulu kunye nokuphumelela kweendleko kufunyanwa. Iguqula umsebenzi wokuthengwa kweempahla neenkonzo ube liqabane lophuhliso.
Kubasebenzisi bokugqibela kwicandelo lamandla-nokuba yeye-oyile nerhasi, inyukliya, okanye into enokwenziwa ngokutsha-yiyona nto ibalulekileyo. Awuthenganga nje a ukugalela ngentsimbi engatyiwayo. Uthenga igeometrically echanekileyo, isandi semetallurgically, icandelo eligqitywe ngokupheleleyo onokuthi ulibotshelele kwinkqubo yakho ngokuzithemba. Inyani yokuba yaqala njengokugalelwa okunyibilikisiweyo kwisiseko eQingdao ayibalulekanga. Okubalulekileyo kukuba iyasebenza, cwaka, amashumi eminyaka, kwezinye zezona meko zinzima emhlabeni. Leyo yeyona njongo iphambili, kwaye iphunyezwa kuphela ngokonakala, ukuphindaphinda, ukucola okuqhutywa ngamava okwenziwa kwemveliso ekhethekileyo.
