Xa usiva 'i-nickel alloy', into yokuqala enokuthi qatha engqondweni 'inzima' okanye 'ixabiso eliphezulu'. Akulunganga oko, kodwa kulapho ukwenziwa lula kakhulu kuqala. Kwiminyaka yam ejikeleze iziseko kunye neevenkile zoomatshini, ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi kakhulu zikhubeka kuba umntu uchaze nje i-nickel alloy kumzobo, ecinga ukuba yimbumbulu yomlingo. Inyaniso kukuba, lusapho, kwaye ukukhetha ilungu elingalunganga-njengokubhidanisa i-Inconel 625 ye-Hastelloy C-276 kwindawo enzima ye-chloride-yindlela ekhawulezayo ukuya kwi-paperweight ebiza kakhulu. Umtyholi akakho nje kwimichiza; ikwindlela ofumana ngayo ukusuka kwinyibilika ukuya kwindawo egqityiweyo, esebenzayo.
I-Conundrum yokuphosa: Ayikokugalela nje isinyithi
Masithethe ngokwenza imilo kuqala. Nge i-nickel alloy, Inkqubo yotyalo-mali-leyo iqela lam kwi-QSY liye lenza amashumi eminyaka-ihlala iyindlela yokuya kwiijometri ezinzima. Kodwa nantsi i-hiccup esebenzayo abaninzi abayilibalayo: ukufakwa kunye nokutya. Ezi alloys zineepateni ezahlukeneyo zokuqinisa xa kuthelekiswa neentsimbi eziqhelekileyo. Awunakuphinda usebenzise uyilo lwenkqubo yokugawula enye. Sifunde oku kwangethuba ngeqela lee-impellers. Kusetyenziswe ipateni esemgangathweni yentsimbi, iphelile ngemigodi engcolileyo yokunciphisa kwiingcambu ze-blade. Inyibilika yayilungile, ikhemistri igqibelele, kodwa inxalenye yayisisilaphu kuba sasiyiphatha inkqubo yokuphosa njengempahla yorhwebo. Ngoku, kuyo yonke into entsha i-nickel alloy ibakala, siqhuba ukulinganisa ukuqinisa. Asiyomfundo; imalunga nokungagaleli amawaka aliqela eedola ze superalloy inyibilika ibe ngundo onesiphako.
Ukubunjwa kweqokobhe lelinye irhamncwa. Kwiimilo ezilula, kuyabiza. Kodwa ukuxhathisa ukothuka kwe-thermal yeqokobhe kubalulekile. Iialloys ze-nickel zihlala zigalelwa ngamaxesha aphezulu, kwaye igobolondo ekwazi ukuphatha i-carbon steel inokuqhekeka okanye iguqulwe, ekhokelela kwimiba yobukhulu okanye ukungena kwesinyithi. Sifumana iirefractories ezisekelwe kwi-zircon zethu i-nickel alloy umsebenzi. Yinkcukacha, kodwa ukuyitsiba kuthetha ukuba ungcakaza ngokugqitywa komphezulu kunye nokunyamezelwa komda kwasekuqaleni.
Kwaye ke kukho ukucocwa kwe-post-casting-ukunqunyulwa kwamasango kunye ne-feeders. Ngento efana ne-Inconel 718 ekwimeko yobudala, sele inzima kakhulu. Ukusebenzisa i-disc ye-abrasive cutting engalunganga okanye ukufaka uxinzelelo oluninzi kudala indawo enzima enokuthi ibe yingxaki yokulandelayo. CNC Machining. Ngamanye amaxesha, kungcono ukwenza i-rough cut kwi-state-treated state, emva koko ubudala. Yongeza inyathelo, kodwa igcina izixhobo kunye neentloko kamva. Le asiyonto yeencwadi; yincwadi yeleja efundwayo kwiiodolo zokuphinda zenziwe kwakhona.
Machining: Apho Ithiyori idibana neSixhobo esaphukileyo
Yilapho irabha idibana khona nendlela, okanye ngokuchanekileyo, apho i-carbide idibana ne-chip. Ukuthumela ekrwada i-nickel alloy ukuphosa kwivenkile yomatshini esemgangathweni yiresiphi yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluvuthelweyo. Umgaqo wokuqala: hlonipha ubunzima kunye nokuqina komsebenzi. Ndikhumbula umsebenzi weringi ye-injini yokutywina, eyenziwe kwi-Haynes 230. Ushicilelo lwalufuna ukugqiba okuhle kwidayamitha yangaphakathi. Ukupasa kokuqala kuhambe kakuhle, kodwa ekugqityweni kokugqibela, ukhetho lokufaka lwalungalunganga-ibukhali kakhulu ijometri. Ayizange isike; yahlikihla. Umaleko ongaphezulu wasebenza-nzima kangangokuba wakrazula izixhobo ezibini ngaphambi kokuba siyeke. Ukulungiswa? Undlongondlongo, ifidi engaguqukiyo. Kuya kufuneka uhlale kwi-cut kwaye ugweme ukuvumela isixhobo sihlale. Ukusika ukukhanya lutshaba lwakho.
Ukupholisa akukho malunga nokupholisa nje; imalunga nokuthambisa kwinqanaba lokusika. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu, isixhobo sokupholisa ngesixhobo siphantse singaxoxisi kwiimpawu ezinzulu. Safunda ukulungisa ukuxinana kwesipholisi nako—umxube otyebileyo wokuphucula ukuthambisa, nokuba oko kuthetha ukucoca i-sump rhoqo. Okanye isixhobo? Ukufakwa kweCeramic kunokusebenzela ukugoba amabakala athile, kodwa ukugqiba, i-premium submicron-grain carbide ene-coating ekhethekileyo (njenge-AlTiN) yindawo yethu yokuqala eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, silindele ukungena kwizinto ezininzi ezifakelwayo kunokuba zingenasici. Lixabiso obhaka ngalo kwisicatshulwa kwasekuqaleni.
Ukulungiswa kobunye ubugcisa obuchuliweyo. La malungu anokuba noxinzelelo olushiyekileyo olusuka ekujuleni. Ukuluma kakhulu kwicala elinye kunokubangela ukuba indawo ihambe kancinci kwi-vise okanye kwi-fixture, ikhuphe i-tolerances ngaphandle komsebenzi olandelayo. Kumacandelo abalulekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha songeza i-anneal yokunciphisa uxinzelelo emva komatshini orhabaxa, emva koko sibuye ukuze sigqibezele. Ibonakala ingasebenzi kakuhle, kodwa ihlala isebenza ngakumbi kunokuzama ukuleqa izishumi kwindawo ekugqitywe kuyo ukuba ijike. Olu luhlobo lwenkqubo nuance oyiphuhlisayo emva kokwenza amakhulu ambalwa ala malungu, hayi kwincwadana.
IMaze yeMaterial: Ukuchola uMlo oLungileyo woMjikelo
Ayifani onke amadabi. Ukuchaza i-nickel alloy kufana nokuthi fumana isithuthi-ingaba yeyokuthengisa igrosari okanye irali yasentlango? Kwi-QSY, sibona uluhlu. I-Monel 400 yezicelo zaselwandle apho ukumelana nomhlwa ngundoqo kodwa ubushushu obugqithisileyo abukho. I-Inconel 600 kunye ne-601 yezixhobo zesithando somlilo-i-good oxidation resistance. Kodwa xa ifika imbi kakhulu, kunye ne-acids eshushu okanye i-sulfidation, kulapho amabakala aphezulu e-molybdenum afana ne-Hastelloy C-22 okanye i-C-276 angena. Ndiye ndathetha nabathengi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-C-276 kwindawo epholileyo ye-caustic apho i-316L engenastainless inokuba ithathe ixesha elide kwisithathu seendleko zempahla.
Ke kukho i-weldability kunye nokulungiswa kwento. Ezinye ii-alloys, njenge-Inconel 625, zixolela ngokufanelekileyo. Abanye, njengamabakala amaninzi emvula-anzima (cinga i-Inconel 718), ifuna unyango olungqongqo lwangaphambili kunye nasemva kwe-weld ukuphepha ukuqhekeka okanye ukulahlekelwa iipropati. Ukuba isakhelo sinesiphako esingephi, ungasilungisa? Loo mpendulo ichaphazela kakhulu izinga lesivuno kunye neendleko. Sihlala sinaloo ncoko ngexesha lesigaba sokukhetha izinto eziphathekayo. Sisigqibo esihlangeneyo nomxhasi, hayi thina kuphela esamkela ushicilelo.
Kwaye masingalibali ikhonkco lokubonelela. Amabakala athile, ngakumbi lawo ane-cobalt ephezulu okanye iikhemistri ezikhethekileyo, anokuba namaxesha amade okanye amaxabiso aguquguqukayo. Ngexesha elinye i-crunch, kwafuneka sivavanye indawo ebambeleyo ukusuka kwi-Inconel 625 ukuya kwibakala elifanayo kodwa elingaqhelekanga kwisicelo esingabalulekanga. Ifuna ukuphononongwa ngononophelo kwenkcazo yomxhasi, kodwa igcine ixesha leprojekthi. Ukuguquguquka, okuxhaswa lulwazi, yinxalenye yenkonzo.
Ukudityaniswa: Ukusuka kwi-Foundry ukuya kwiNdawo egqityiweyo phantsi kophahla olunye
Apha kulapho imodeli efana neyethu Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) ibonisa ixabiso layo. Ukuphatha zombini iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa/utyalo mali kunye ne CNC Machining ngaphakathi ayikho nje malunga lula. Imalunga nolawulo kunye nengxelo. Xa iqela lomatshini lidibana nendawo enzima engalindelekanga okanye i-porosity engaphantsi komhlaba, banokuyibuyisela kwiqela le-Foundry. Bebonke, banokuyicalula: ngaba ibikukufakwa kwe-slag, umba wesiphithiphithi ngexesha lokugalelwa, okanye isiphithiphithi sokupholisa sasekhaya? Olo fundo luvaliweyo alunakwenzeka xa ukuphosa kunye noomatshini kusahlulwe phakathi kwabathengisi ababini abanokuthi batyholane.
Sakhe inkqubo yethu malunga nolu hlanganiso. Umzekelo, sihlala sishiya isitokhwe esongezelelweyo kwindawo yokuphosa esiyaziyo ukuba inobuqili ukuzondla, sisazi ukuba isebe lethu lomatshini liya kusingatha loo nto. Sinokuhlengahlengisa iiparamitha zonyango lobushushu ngokusekelwe kulandelelwano lomatshini olucwangcisiweyo. Le synergy, yaphuhliswa ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 ukuphosa kunye nomatshini, iguqula iindawo ezinokuthi zingaphumeleli zibe ngamanyathelo alawulwayo, alawulwayo. Yehlisa umngcipheko uwonke kumthengi, nokuba ixabiso le-kg ye-casting linokubukeka lifana nesiseko esizimeleyo.
Ukuqinisekiswa kokugqibela kuhlala kuza kuvavanyo. Kwiindawo eziphezulu zentembeko, senza ezininzi ze-NDT-idayi yokungena, i-ultrasonic. Ukufumana isiphene emva komatshini opheleleyo yintlekele. Ukuyifumana emva kokuphoswa kodwa phambi komatshini omkhulu kukubuyela umva okulawulekayo. Ukuhamba kwethu okudibeneyo kuvumela loo ndawo yokukhangela ephakathi, ebaluleke kakhulu kwixabiso eliphezulu i-nickel alloy amacandelo. Ngumahluko wefilosofi: asithengisi nje ukujula okanye inkonzo yobuchwephesha; sithengisa inxalenye yokugqibela esebenzayo, ethembekileyo.
Ukujonga Ngasemva, Ukuqhubela Phambili
Ke, emva kwayo yonke le nto, yintoni i-takeaway? I-nickel alloy ayisiyomathiriyeli oyithengayo eshelufini kwaye uyiphose kwinkqubo eqhelekileyo. Ifuna intlonipho, ikhonkco lezigqibo ezinolwazi ukusuka ekukhethweni kwealloyi ukuya ekugqityweni. Ezona mpazamo zinkulu ndizibonileyo zivela ekuyiphatheni njengophuculo olulula olusuka kwintsimbi engenasici. Lulwimi olwahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.
Ushishino lusiya kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo, ezisebenza ngokuphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo zinemijelo yokupholisa yangaphakathi okanye amacandelo acekethekileyo, ajikelezayo enziwe ukuba anokwenzeka ngotyalo-mali. Oku kutyhala imida yazo zombini ukuphosa kunye nomatshini iinkqubo. Sihlala silungisa iiparamitha, sizama iindlela ezintsha zesixhobo, ngamanye amaxesha sisilela kwisiqwenga sovavanyo, ukuze silulungele ukuveliswa kwemveliso. Yinyani leyo emgangathweni.
Imdaka, ijolise kwiinkcukacha, kwaye ifuna umonde. Kodwa xa ubona loo nxalenye yokugqibela—imile kakuhle nentsonkothileyo kwisixhobo esikwaziyo ukumelana nemeko yesihogo—iphuma ukuze ifake i-injini yomoya okanye iphathe imichiza etshabalalisayo, oko kusila kuvakala kufanelekile. Ulwazi alukho encwadini; ikwiziva kwisixhobo esidala kwaye amanqaku abhalwe kubakhenkethi abanamashumi eminyaka ubudala. Yiloo nto ngokwenene malunga nokusebenza nge-nickel alloy.
