Uva 'umkhono weStellite' kwaye uninzi lweenjineli kwangoko zicinga 'nzima, ukunganxibi, kulungile kubushushu obuphezulu'. Yinyani leyo, kodwa kulapho ukwenziwa lula kakhulu kuqala. Kwiminyaka yam yokukhangela kunye nokucacisa la macandelo, ngakumbi kwiimpompo ze-shafts kunye ne-valve stems kwinkonzo enzima, ndiwubonile umsantsa phakathi kwenkcazo yekhathalogu kunye nenyani esemhlabeni. Asiyonto nje yorhwebo; ukusebenza kwayo kuhlala okanye kufa ngokukhethwa kwebakala lengxubevange, ingqibelelo yokuphosa, kwaye ngokubaluleke kakhulu, umatshini we-post-cast. Umkhono we-Stellite 6 ongasebenzi kakuhle unokungaphumeleli ngokukhawuleza kunentsimbi yekhabhoni ephathwa ngokufanelekileyo kwezinye iindawo ezinobungozi. Oku akuyothiyori-yinto oyifundayo emva kokujongana nokusilela kwangaphambi kwexesha kunye nokugrumba 'kutheni'.
I-alloy ayilona ibali lonke
I-Stellite, intsapho ye-cobalt-chromium alloy evela e-Kennametal, iza kumabanga. I-Stellite 6, 12, 21-nganye ine-niche yayo. I-6 ligorha lenjongo jikelele, lilungele ukunxiba okudityanisiweyo kunye nokudleka. Kodwa nantsi i-pitfall eqhelekileyo: ichaza iStellite 6 kuyo yonke into kuba yeyona idumileyo. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yenkqubo yekhemikhali yempompo ebamba udaka olushushu, oluludaka. Inkcazo yokuqala yayiyimikhono ye-Stellite 6. Bahlala malunga ne-40% yomjikelo wobomi obulindelweyo. Uhlalutyo lokungaphumeleli lubonise ukunganyangeki kwe-galling phantsi kwe-combo ethile yoxinzelelo lobushushu. Ukutshintshela kwi-Stellite 12, enesakhiwo esahlukileyo se-carbide, yatyhalela ubomi emva kwendlela. Sifunda ntoni? Umkhono awukho nje umkhono weStellite; yi IStellite 12 okanye IStellite 21 umkhono. Ibakala liyalela i-microstructure, kwaye oko kuyalela ubomi.
Kulapho ukusebenzisana ne-Foundry eqonda i-metallurgy, hayi nje ukubumba, ingundoqo. Inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) ifika engqondweni. Ngemvelaphi yabo yeminyaka engama-30 kwiqokobhe kunye notyalo-mali lwe-alloys ekhethekileyo, bayayifumana le nto. Awunakuvele ugalele ezi ngxubevange njengentsimbi etyhidiweyo. Izinga lokuqinisa, i-mold material-yonke ichaphazela ukuhanjiswa kwe-carbide. I-Stellite engaphoswanga kakuhle inokuba namaqela e-carbide athi abe ziindawo zokuqalisa iintanda phantsi kwebhayisekile eshushu. Ugxininiso lwe-QSY kwi-cobalt kunye ne-nickel-based alloys ithetha ukuba zilungiselelwe olu lawulo. Ngumdlalo webhola owahlukileyo kumdlalo wentsimbi jikelele.
Umatshini sesinye isiqingatha. I-Stellite ikhohlakele kwizixhobo. Isebenza-nzima. Ukuba umthengisi wakho womatshini usebenzisa ibakala elingalunganga lokufaka, isantya esingalunganga kunye nokutya, ziya kudala iintanda ezincinci okanye zishiye umaleko oxineneyo womphezulu. Lo mkhono ugwetyelwe kwasekuqaleni. Ukugqitywa kwi-ID kunye ne-OD, ukugxila-konke kubalulekile kwindibano ye-press-fit kunye nokusebenza kojongano lokugqibela. Ukuphosa okugqibeleleyo kunokonakala kwinqanaba le-CNC. Yiyo loo nto iivenkile ezidityanisiweyo ezibamba zombini ukuphosa kunye nokuchaneka CNC Machining phantsi kophahla olunye, njengoko i-QSY isenza, ihlala ihambisa iindawo ezithembekileyo. Balawula lonke ikhonkco lexabiso, ngoko ke akukho kukhombana ngomnwe phakathi kwe-caster kunye ne-machinist xa kuvela ingxaki.
Apho imikhono isilelayo (kwaye isoloko ingeyiyo iMathiriyeli)
Nditsale imikhono emininzi engaphumelelanga kunokuba ndikhumbula. Imowudi yokungaphumeleli yakudala kukunxiba okugqithisileyo, ngokuqinisekileyo. Kodwa jonga ngokusondeleyo, kwaye oyena nobangela udla ngokudibanisa ubuso. Ukungena kobutyobo phakathi komkhono we-OD kunye nokubhoboza kwezindlu, okukhokelela ekunxityweni okukhathazayo. Okanye ukwandiswa kwe-thermal ukungalingani okubangela ukuba umkhono ukhululeke enkonzweni. Ityala elinye libandakanya a umkhono we-stellite kwimpompo yokutya kwibhoyila. Umkhono ngokwawo ubonise ukunxiba okuncinci, kodwa i-shaft engaphantsi yayidlekile. Ukusilela ibingumba wokonakala ngenxa yokuba ujongano loshicilelo-fit aluzange lutywinwe ngokugqibeleleyo. Isixhobo somkhono sasingenasiphako, kodwa uyilo lwenkqubo oluyijikelezileyo yayilikhonkco elibuthathaka.
Oku kukhokelela kuqwalaselo loyilo. Ubukhulu bodonga. Ibhityile kakhulu, kwaye yonakele ngexesha lokucinezela okanye kwinkonzo. Ungqingqwa kakhulu, kwaye uchitha ialloyi ebiza kakhulu kwaye wongeza umngcipheko wokuphosa iziphene. Ukusetyenziswa okubalulekileyo, sasihlala sisuka kumkhono we-cylindrical olula ukuya kwelinye elineflange encinci okanye i-groove ye-anti-rotation pin. Yongeza iindleko kodwa isombulule iseti eyahlukileyo yeengxaki. Lurhwebo-off. Umzobo uthi nje iStellite Sleeve, kodwa usathana ukwezo zinyamezelo ezinobungakanani kunye nejometri azisoloko zikho kwiphepha eliqhelekileyo.
Enye intloko esebenzayo yi-inventri kunye nexesha lokukhokela. Awunakuvele uodole ezi shelufu. Zenziwe-uku-odola amacandelo. Ukuba inkqubo yomboneleli wakho ayilungiswanga, iodolo ekhawulezileyo yintelekelelo. Esi sesinye isizathu sokuvavanya ukuvuthwa kokusebenza komthengisi wakho. Inkampani enerekhodi elide, njenge-QSY ekhankanywe ngasentla, iye yaseka iipatheni kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo eyenza amaxesha okukhokela aqikeleleke ngakumbi. Ukujonga iphothifoliyo yabo yesakhono kwi https://www.tsingtaocnc.com ikunika ingqiqo yoluhlu lwazo-ukusuka ekubunjweni kweqokobhe leemilo ezilula ukuya ekwenziweni kotyalo-mali kuyilo oluntsonkothileyo, oludityanisiweyo, zonke zixhaswa bubuchwephesha bangaphakathi. Olo ludibaniso luyinto enkulu yokucwangcisa iprojekthi.
Umdaniso woMachining: Ukuyilungisa
Masiqhube phantsi kwi-machining, kuba kulapho ixabiso longezwa okanye litshatyalalisiwe. Awunakho ukutshiza iStellite njengentsimbi. Umgaqo wokuqala kukusebenzisa ukuseta okungqongqo. Nayiphi na incoko iya kubetha iifakelo zakho zekharbide ezibizayo kwaye zonakalise umphezulu. Sisoloko sicacisa ukugaya ukugqiba kokugqibela kwiindawo zokutywina xa kunokwenzeka. Inika indawo engcono, yoxinzelelo-uxinzelelo. Ukujika kwe-CNC kukufikelela kwimilo ekufutshane nenetha.
Ukupholisa kubalulekile, kwaye akukho malunga nokupholisa nje. Imalunga nokuthintela umaleko wokuqinisa umsebenzi ekubeni ube nzulu kakhulu. I-high-pressure, i-high-volume coolant system ejoliswe ngqo kwi-cut edge ayinakuxoxisana. Ndikhe ndabona iivenkile zizama ukubaleka ngenkungu epholileyo encinci, kwaye iindawo zihlala zibuya nemicimbi-ukungazinzi komda okanye umonakalo ongaphantsi komhlaba ovela kuphela kwi-NDT.
Isicwangciso sendlela yesixhobo sibalulekile. Ukunyuka kwe-milling xa kuthelekiswa nokugaya okuqhelekileyo kwiipasile zokugqiba kunokuchaphazela ubomi besixhobo kunye nokunyaniseka komphezulu kubuso be-flange. Umchwephesha olungileyo, oqhelene ne-superalloys, uya kuba nebhegi yakhe encinci yamaqhinga-iimpawu zesixhobo esithile, ireyithi yokutya ekhethiweyo yokupasa kokugqibela. Xa ufumana ivenkile enale nto phantsi, unamathela kubo. Lulwazi lwezizwe njengoko luyincwadi yokufunda.
Iindleko vs. Ukusebenza: Ubalo lokwenyani
Ewe, a Umkhono we-Stellite iyabiza. Umxholo we-cobalt wodwa uyakubona oko. Ityala leshishini alikho malunga neendleko zeyunithi; imalunga neendleko zizonke zobunini. I-sleeve ye-$ 500 ehlala iinyanga ze-24 kwinkonzo apho i-150 440C i-sleeve engenasici ithatha iinyanga ezi-3 ayinangqondo. Ixabiso lexesha lokuphumla lokubuyisela lihlala lincinci ixabiso lenxalenye. Ubalo luba nzima ngakumbi xa i-delta yokusebenza incinci, yithi i-20% yobomi obude kwi-100% yeendleko eziphezulu. Emva koko ukwinjineli yokuthembeka kunye novavanyo lomngcipheko ngokuphuma okungacwangciswanga.
Apha kulapho izinto ezizezinye zemathiriyeli zingena khona. Kusetyenziso olungeluqiqi kakhulu, iialloyi ezisekwe kwinikeli njenge-Inconel 625 umaleko okanye iiyaleko zodidi oluphezulu lweceramic zinokukhuphisana. Kodwa kwindibaniselwano yentsimbi ukuya kwintsimbi yokunxiba, i-corrosion, kunye nobushushu obuphezulu (cinga nge-500 ° C nangaphezulu), i-Stellite, ngokukodwa amabanga aphezulu e-tungsten, isalawula. Sisisombululo esivuthiweyo, kodwa ayisosidala.
Xa ukhangela, awuthengi nje isixa sealloyi. Uthenga i-metallurgical control ye-Foundry, isakhono somatshini, kunye nokukwazi komthengisi ukuhambisa icandelo elizinzileyo, elilungele ukuhlohla. Nantso ipakethe. Ukutsibela kuwo nawuphi na umlenze weso situlo kudla ngokuxabisa ngaphezulu kamva. Ukujonga kwinkonzo egcweleyo yomboneleli obonelela ngenkonzo, njengokusakha kunye ne-machining combo evela kwingcaphephe efana ne-QSY, ihlala ibonelela ngexabiso elizinzileyo elipheleleyo lomfanekiso, nokuba isicatshulwa sokuqala ayisosona sisezantsi ngokupheleleyo.
Iingcinga zokugqibela: Ukuchaza iMpumelelo
Ke, ukuba bendinobhala i-spec ye-Stellite sleeve namhlanje, ibingayi kuba yinto yomgca ene-callout ebonakalayo. Iya kuchaza ibakala (iStellite 6, 12, njl.), ireferensi ye-ASTM esebenzayo okanye umgangatho wobunini, ibize inkqubo yokuphosa (utyalo-mali olukhethwayo ngomsebenzi obalulekileyo wokuqinisekisa ukuxinana), kwaye unamanqaku aneenkcukacha malunga nokugqitywa komatshini, ukunyamezelwa kwe-press-fit, kwaye mhlawumbi nenqaku malunga nokuhlolwa kokugqibela kweziphene zomhlaba ngedayi. Ziinkcukacha eziguqula inxalenye yokunxiba yegeneric ibe licandelo lobunjineli obuthembekileyo.
Ushishino luqhubela phambili kwizisombululo ezidibeneyo, kwakhona. Endaweni yomkhono, ngamanye amaxesha iba yiStellite eyolekayo edityaniswe ngqo kwi-shaft. Oko kuphelisa imiba yonxibelelwano lwe-press-fit kodwa yazisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-welding kunye neenkxalabo zommandla ochatshazelwe bubushushu. Yiseti eyahlukileyo yorhwebo. Umkhono uhlala ungukumkani wokutshintshwa kunye nokulungiswa-ubuchule.
Ekugqibeleni, ukusebenza ngemikhono ye-Stellite ikufundisa intlonipho yenkqubo. Izinto eziphathekayo ziyamangalisa, kodwa ayingomlingo. Ukusebenza kwayo kufunyenwe ngobuchule kwi-Foundry kunye nevenkile yomatshini. Yeyona nto ithathwayo emva kwayo yonke le minyaka. Uyeka ukuyibona 'njengesilee' kwaye uqale ukuyibona njengenkqubo egcina ingqibelelo yakhelwe umaleko, ukusuka ekunyibilikeni ukuya ekugqibeleni kwinqanaba le-micron.
