Xa usiva 'iindleko zesinyithi somgubo', inani lokuqala elithi gqi kwiingqondo ezininzi yisicatshulwa semathiriyeli ekrwada ngekhilogram nganye. Kulapho inkathazo idla ngokuqala khona. Enyanisweni, ixabiso lomgubo litikiti nje lomdlalo. Iindleko zangempela yi-cascade yezigqibo, ukuthotyelwa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, izinto ezimangalisayo ezingathandekiyo ezenzeka ngexesha lemveliso. Akukhona nje ngokuthenga umgubo wesinyithi; imalunga nayo yonke into eyenzekayo emva kokuba uvule ibhegi.
Inkohliso yexabiso leYunithi
Ndikhe ndahlala ezintlanganisweni apho ukuthengwa kwempahla kuye kwabhiyozelwa ukufumana isaphulelo se-5% kumxube we-iron-copper-carbon pre-mix. Ivakala kakuhle ephepheni. Kodwa ke imveliso iqala. Ukuqukuqela kucime kancinci, kubangela ukugcwala okungahambelaniyo kwimingxuma yokufa yegiya entsonkothileyo. Ngequbuliso, ujongene nokunyuka kwe-2% kwinxalenye yobunzima, okuthetha ukuba ukwenziwa kwesibini ngoku kufuneka kuphendule kwisitokhwe esingaphezulu. Olo gcino luyaba ngumphunga phambi kokuba indawo eluhlaza ibe sinter. Sifunda ntoni? Owona mgubo unexabiso eliphantsi unokuba yeyona mathiriyeli ibiza kakhulu emgangathweni ukuba iimpawu zayo-ubuninzi bempompo, ubungakanani bosasazo lwamasuntswana-ayihambelani nokucofa kwakho kunye nokuseta ukuseta.
Apha kulapho ubuhlakani bexesha elide kunye nabanikezeli abathembekileyo bubaluleke ngaphezu kweentengiso zentengiso yendawo. Ukuhambelana kwi-powder morphology yindleko efihliweyo. Ukwahluka kwe-batch-to-batch ongenakuyibona kunokusilahla sonke isingqisho sakho sokudibanisa, okukhokelela ekunxityweni kwesixhobo esiphezulu okanye, okubi nakakhulu, imiba yokuqhawula emva kwe-sintering. Awuthenganga nje into yorhwebo; uthenga ukuqikelela.
Kwaye masithethe ialloys. Ukufuduka kwi-Fe-Cu-C eqhelekileyo ukuya kwi-diffusion-alloyed powder ukuze ube namandla aphezulu? Ukutsiba kweendleko kubalulekile, kodwa ukuthetheleleka kaninzi kusilela ukuqwalasela iziphumo ezisezantsi. Ngamanye amaxesha, loo siters ye-premium ye-powder kubushushu obuphantsi okanye kunye nomjikelo omfutshane, oko kunokonga ixesha lomlilo kunye namandla. I-equation yeendleko kufuneka iphelele. A ixabiso metallurgy umgubo imodeli ejonga kuphela kwi-P.O. into yomgca yaphulwe ngokwesiseko.
Isixhobo: Umbulali weBhajethi Othuleyo
I-Tooling yintliziyo ye-PM, kwaye iindleko zayo yi-iceberg yakudala. I-invoyisi yokuqala ye-CAD kunye ne-wire-EDM yingcebiso nje. Apho wopha khona imali kukugcinwa, ukuseta, kunye nokusilela kwangaphambi kwexesha. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yecandelo le-shock absorber-inxalenye yamanqanaba amaninzi kunye ne-flange encinci. Uyilo lwesixhobo lujonge ngokugqibeleleyo ekufaniseni. Ngokwenza umsebenzi, i-punch ephantsi, ejongene nokwenza loo flange, yaqala ukubonisa i-micro-fractures emva kwemijikelezo ye-30,000. Ayikokusilela ngokupheleleyo, kodwa okwaneleyo ukubangela ukudanyaza okuncinci okudinga inyathelo elongezelelweyo lokukhupha. Inxalenye nganye ixabiso metallurgy umgubo ngokuzolileyo yenyuka nge-12% ngenxa yolo msebenzi wesibini ongacwangciswanga kunye nesidingo esizayo sokulungiswa kwesixhobo.
Izinto eziphathekayo zesixhobo ngokwazo ngumqhubi weendleko ezibalulekileyo. Ukusebenzisa insimbi yesixhobo esisemgangathweni kwi-high-volume run of stainless steel parts? Leyo yindlela ekhawulezayo yokutshintsha izixhobo rhoqo. Ukunyuselwa kwi-premium carbide okanye intsimbi yesixhobo egqunyiweyo inokuphinda kabini ixabiso lesixhobo sokuqala, kodwa inokuphinda kathathu ubomi besixhobo. Ubalo aluthanga ngqo. Udinga uqikelelo lomthamo wemveliso oyithembileyo ngokwenene. Ngomgama omfutshane, isixhobo seprimiyamu asinakuze sizihlawulele. Lucingo lwesigwebo olusekelwe kumava, oluhlala lusenziwa ngedatha engaphelelanga.
Emva koko kukho ukuseta kunye nexesha lokutshintsha. Kwivenkile efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), neengcambu ezinzulu utyalo mali kwaye CNC Machining, ingqondo yahlukile. Kwi-machining, ulungisa ibhloko kwaye iindlela zesixhobo ziyaqhuba. Kwi-PM, ukuguqula inxalenye kaninzi kuthetha ukuguqulwa okupheleleyo kwe-die set-ukulungelelanisa iipuntshi eziphezulu, iintonga ezingundoqo, kunye neepantshi ezisezantsi kunye nokuchaneka kwenqanaba le-micron. Leyo yiyure ezi-4-8 zokunciphisa ixesha lokushicilela. Ukuba usebenzisa iibhetshi ezincinci, ixabiso lexesha elingavelisi mveliso linokunciphisa ixabiso lezinto eziphathekayo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukuxuba okuphezulu, imisebenzi ye-PM ephantsi inzima kakhulu ukuxabisa ngokukhuphisanayo; iindleko ezifihlakeleyo zokuguquguquka zinkulu.
I-Sintering: Apho Amandla kunye ne-Atmosphere Esebenzisa imida
I-Sintering linyathelo lomlingo, kodwa iziko lirhamncwa elilambileyo. Iindleko ezicacileyo yigesi yendalo okanye umbane. Amaxabiso angacacanga, kwaye adla ngokuguquguquka ngakumbi, ngumoya. Ukusebenzisa umoya we-ammonia odibeneyo (DA) ngokuchasene nomxube we-nitrogen-hydrogen ayilokhetho lobugcisa kuphela; yezoqoqosho. Ixabiso le-ammonia liyaguquguquka kunye nemarike yehlabathi. Umnyhadala we-geopolitical unganyusa ixabiso leatmosfera yakho ngama-30% ngekota, ngesilumkiso esinguziro.
Ndiyibonile imizamo yokunciphisa iindleko ngokwandisa imijikelo ye-sintering okanye ukuthoba amaqondo obushushu ukonga amandla. Phantse isoloko ibuyisela umva. Uphela unamalungu angekafikeleli kuxinaniso olupheleleyo okanye amandla, okukhokelela kumazinga aphezulu okwala kunyango olulandelayo lobushushu okanye ukwenziwa komatshini. Okanye okubi ngakumbi, iinxalenye zidlula i-QC yokuqala kodwa ziyasilela kuvavanyo lwentsimi ngenxa yokudinwa. Ugcino lujika lube yintlekele yodumo neyemali. Iresiphi ye-sintering ngumnqophiso; ukuphambuka kuyo ukuze ugcine iipennies imingcipheko yeedola.
Ukugcinwa kwesithando somlilo yenye ibhokisi emnyama. I-muffle evuzayo okanye i-thermocouple ephosakeleyo ayiyeki nje imveliso. Inokwenza umoya we-oxidizing ngaphakathi kwesithando somlilo, uyonakalisa ibhetshi yonke yamalungu. Ayisiyiyo nje ilahleko ye umgubo wesinyithi izinto kunye nomsebenzi; lixabiso lethuba lonikezelo olungekhoyo. Iishedyuli zolungiso olusebenzayo ziziindleko ezingaxoxiswanayo zokwenza ishishini, kodwa zidla ngokuba zizinto zokuqala ezicudiswayo xa abalawuli bejonge impumelelo.
Umphumo: Imisebenzi yesibini kunye ne-QSY Parallel
Kunqabile ukuba inxalenye ye-PM iphume kwibhanti ye-sintering elungele ukuthunyelwa ngenqanawa. Inkoliso ifuna into eyongezelelekileyo—ubungakanani, ingqekembe, ukufakwa kweoli, ukunyangwa kobushushu, okanye ukwenziwa ngomatshini. Apha kulapho iyonke ixabiso metallurgy umgubo ngokwenene kungena kugxininiso, kwaye apho amava ethu kwezinye iinkqubo anika uthelekiso olucacileyo.
Thatha igiya ene-sintered efuna isitshixo esihonjisiweyo. Sele utyale imali kumgubo, ukucudisa, kunye ne-sintering. Ngoku ubeka kwi-CNC broaching machine. Umceli mngeni ngowokuba imathiriyeli ene-sintered, nokuba ixinene kakhulu, inokonakala. Bahlafuna izixhobo zokusika ngokukhawuleza kunomlingani owenziwe ngentsimbi. Ixabiso lakho lomatshini ngenxalenye liphezulu. Le yintsebenziswano esixhathisa kuyo QSY. Ukuba CNC Machining ubuchwephesha bangaphakathi buvumela ukucwangciswa kwenkqubo edibeneyo. Sinokuhlenga-hlengisa uyilo lwesixhobo se-PM ukushiya isitokhwe esincinci sendlela engundoqo, okanye sichaze i-alloy eyahluke kancinane koomatshini abacoceke ngakumbi, kunyuswa ixabiso lilonke kuzo zombini iinkqubo.
Le yinzuzo yomenzi odibeneyo othe nkqo. Xa ulawula zombini ukwenza (nje iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa okanye PM) kunye nokugqiba (CNC Machining), unokwenza urhwebo. Mhlawumbi inqaku elibiza kakhulu ukucofa kwaye i-sinter inokongezwa ngakumbi ngokwezoqoqosho ngenyathelo elikhawulezileyo lomatshini emva kokutsibela. Okanye, njengoko sibona kunye utyalo mali ye ialloys ezikhethekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha ukutshintshela yonke inkqubo kwi-complex, i-volume low-volume part inendleko-esebenzayo kunokuzama ukuyinyanzela kwi-PM die. I ixabiso metallurgy umgubo ayisosiqithi; yinxalenye yeziqithi zemveliso.
Umqulu: Umlamli oMkhulu weendleko
Yonke into kwi-PM iphinda ibuyele kwivolumu. Iindleko ezimiselweyo eziphezulu zokusebenzisa izixhobo kunye nokuseta kufuneka zihlawulwe. Lo ngumgaqo osisiseko. Inxalenye ebiza i-10 yeedola kumgubo kunye nokucinezela kwi-100,000 yamaqhekeza inokubiza i-$ 50 ngeqhekeza ngalinye kwi-5,000-piece run. Izibalo zikhohlakele kwaye azikho mgca.
Ndibandakanyeke kwibhidi engaphumelelanga yezindlu zoluvo. Inxalenye yayilungele i-PM-imilo eyinkimbinkimbi, izinto eziphathekayo eziphathekayo. Sicaphule ngokusekelwe kumthamo oqikelelweyo wonyaka wama-50k. Umthengi walithanda ixabiso. Emva koko iprojekthi yabo yema, kwaye bafaka iodolo yokuqala ye-5k. Imodeli yethu yexabiso iye yawa. Kwafuneka sitye iindleko zezixhobo, kwaye ixabiso lenxalenye nganye lalingenakugcinwa. Sifunde ukwakha iimeko ezinobundlongondlongo ngakumbi kwimicaphulo kunye nokunyaniseka ngokukhohlakeleyo kubathengi malunga noqoqosho lwesikali. Ngamanye amaxesha, kwiprototype okanye umthamo ophantsi kakhulu, ucebisa umthengi ukuba asebenzise a umatshini okanye utyalo mali indlela ukusuka ekuqaleni, nokuba ixabiso lenxalenye nganye libonakala liphezulu, yeyona ndlela inyanisekileyo nenempumelelo ekugqibeleni.
Ngoko, xa uhlalutya ixabiso metallurgy umgubo, musa ukujonga nje i-spreadsheet. Cinga ngepowder egeleza kwisihlangu, ukunxiba kwi-tungsten carbide punch, ukuhambelana komoya wesithando somlilo, kunye nesandi sombhobho we-CNC ogqiba umphezulu wedatum. Iindleko zikuwo onke loo maxesha. Yinkqubo yeendleko, hayi iindleko zempahla. Kwaye ukuyilungisa kufuna ukuphila kunye nenkqubo, ngokusebenzisa izinto ezinqabileyo kunye nezothusayo, hayi nje ukubala umgama.
