Lapho abantu abaningi bezwa 'inkampani yokubumba insimbi,' babona ngeso lengqondo indawo encibilikisiwe—insimbi encibilikisiwe, izinhlansi, nokushisa. Lokho kuyingxenye yakho, impela, kodwa kufana nokuchaza indawo yokudlela ngesitofu sayo. Indaba yangempela isezinqumweni ezenziwe kudala ngaphambi kokuba insimbi ishaye isikhunta, kanye nezinkinga ozixazululayo ngemva kokuphola. Amakhasimende amaningi afika ecabanga ukuthi nje mayelana nokuncibilika nokuthela; ubuhlungu bekhanda buqala lapho bebona ukubekezelelana kwe-dimensional, imishini yangemuva kokusakazwa, nokukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo akuzona ukucabanga-ngemuva - kuwumgogodla womsebenzi.
Isisekelo Akusona Nje Isihlabathi
Thatha i-shell mold casting. Akukhona nje 'ukuphonsa isihlabathi kangcono.' Isihlabathi esinamekwe nge-resin sakha lelo gobolondo eliqinile, elikunikeza ukuqeda okucolisekileyo nokubekezelela okuqinile kunesihlabathi esivamile esiluhlaza. Kodwa iqhinga likuphethini. Uma iphethini yakho ingaphelele, igobolondo ngalinye olikhiqizayo liphethe lelo phutha. Lokhu sikufunde kabuhlungu eminyakeni edlule ngohlelo lwezindlu zamaphampu. Iphethini ehlinzekwe yiklayenti ibinokungalungi kwe-engeli okusalungiswa okuncane. Ibukeke ingenandaba kumodeli ye-CAD, mhlawumbe isigamu sedigri. Kodwa ngemva kokusebenzisa amagobolondo angamakhulu ambalwa, umphumela wokuqongelela ekukhishweni nasekuqedweni kwendawo wawuyiphupho elibi. Iqedwe lonke iqoqo. Yileyo nto—inqubo yokusakaza iqala ngokubuyekezwa komklamo, hhayi i-oda lokuthenga.
Ukufakwa kwe-investimenti kuba nzima nakakhulu. Wakha lolo ungqimba lwegobolondo le-ceramic ngongqimba oluzungeze iphethini ye-wax oyincibilikisayo. Inkululeko yejiyomethri iyamangalisa, kodwa i-gating ne-rier design iwubuciko obuningi kunesayensi. Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi yengxenye ye-turbine ku-alloy esekelwe ku-nickel. Ingxubevange ngokwayo yayiyisilo ukusebenza-iphuzu eliphakeme lokuncibilika, ukushwabana okukhohlisayo. Sidlule eziphindaphindweni ezintathu zokucushwa kwesikhuphukeli ukuze sisuse umgodi wokushwabana ophikelelayo esigabeni esibucayi. Ukuphindaphinda ngakunye bekusho ukuthululelwa okusha kwe-wax, ukwakhiwa kwamagobolondo amasha, ukuthululwa okusha. Izindleko ezihlanganisiwe, kodwa asikho isinqamuleli. Awukwazi ukulungisa izinkinga eziyisisekelo zokuqinisa ngomshini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kulapho iminyaka engu-30 ibalwa khona kuleli bhizinisi. Iwumtapo wolwazi wokuthululwa okuhlulekile kanye nabaphumelele. Uthuthukisa umuzwa wamathumbu wokuthi ijiyomethri ethile ensimbini ekhonjiwe izoziphatha kanjani uma iqhathaniswa nesimo esifanayo sensimbi engagqwali eyi-duplex. Amandla we-thermal ahluke ngokuphelele. Inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) ayihlali isebenza isikhathi eside kangako ngokuthatha ama-prints nokuthela insimbi. Kumayelana nokuba nalokho kwahlulela okuqoqiwe ukuze ulindele izinkinga ngaphambi kokuthi zibhakwe engxenyeni yokugcina.
Okubalulekile Kungaphezu Kweshidi Elicacisiwe
Amaklayenti akunikeza isipesheli sezinto ezibonakalayo—'ASTM A536, 65-45-12' noma '316 Stainless.' Yilokho umugqa wokuqala. Umugqa wokuqedela uwukusakazwa komsindo onezici ezidingekayo zemishini. Igebe phakathi kwalawo maphuzu amabili yilapho abasunguli bethola khona ukugcina kwabo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-ductile iron. Ukuthola leso sakhiwo se-nodular graphite ngokungaguquki akukhona nje ngokungeza i-magnesium. Imayelana nokulawula okuqukethwe kwesibabule ku-iron yakho eyisisekelo, umkhuba wokujova, izinga lokupholisa. Ukubambezeleka okuncane ngemuva kokujova kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwe-carbide, okwenza ingxenye ibe brittle. Siyibonile ishintsha ukusakaza okuhle kakhulu kwaba yizicucu ngoba isikhathi besivalwe ngemizuzwana.
Bese uba nama-alloys akhethekile. Asekelwe ku-cobalt, ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel njenge-Hastelloy noma i-Stellite. Lezi zivame ukusetshenziselwa izindawo eziyingozi kakhulu - izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukugqwala okuphezulu. Inselele ikabili: okokuqala, ukuncibilika nokuwathululela ngaphandle kokwethula ukungcola noma ukushisa izakhi ezibalulekile ze-alloying; okwesibili, bavame ukudumazeka ngemuva kwalokho. Izakhiwo zabo ezibenza babe yigugu (ukuqina komsebenzi, ukumelana nokuhuzuka) kubenza babe yiphupho elibi ezitolo ze-CNC. Kungakho imodeli ehlanganisiwe, lapho inkampani efanayo isingatha ukulingisa kanye ne CNC imishini, kunengqondo kakhulu. Ochwepheshe bemishini bayaqonda izindawo ezinzima ezingaba khona zokulingisa, izindawo okungenzeka ukuthi ziyinsalela yengcindezi, ngoba beziyingxenye yengxoxo kusukela esigabeni sokuklama.
Ngikhumbula umzimba we-valve ku-cobalt-chromium alloy. Ukulingisa kuphume kahle, kwahlangabezana nazo zonke izindinganiso ze-X-ray kanye nepeni likadayi. Kodwa ngesikhathi somshini, izinto ezifakwayo zaziguga ngezinga elesabekayo. Inkinga ilandelelwe emuva ekuhlukaniseni okuncane kwama-carbides ngesikhathi sokuqina, okudala izindawo zendawo ezinobunzima obukhulu. Bekungelona iphutha ngokwe-spec, kodwa kubulale impilo yamathuluzi. Kwadingeka silungise izinga lokushisa lokuthulula kanye nokushisa kwangaphambili kwesikhunta ukuze kugijime okulandelayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe isakhiwo esifanayo. Lolo hlobo lwe-loop yempendulo phakathi kwe-Foundry floor kanye nesitolo somshini luyigugu. Yilokho okubonayo ngomhlinzeki ohlanganisiwe—iwebhusayithi yabo, tsngtaocnc.com, ibala kokubili ukulingisa nomshini ngesizathu. Akulona nje uhlu lwezinsizakalo; wukuhamba komsebenzi.
I-CNC Ayikona Ukucabangela; Kuyisandiso
Lokhu kungase kube umbono oyiphutha omkhulu. Abantu bacabanga ukuthi uphonsa ingxenye 'evala ngokwanele' bese uyishintsha ibe yinhle. Leyo ithrekhi esheshayo yokuthuthukisa ibhajethi yakho. Uma ungadizayine i-manufacturability (DFM) unazo zombili izinqubo engqondweni, uzodala izinselele zokwenza imishini ezibizayo noma okungenakwenzeka ukuzixazulula. Udinga ukucabangela amaphuzu okulungisa ekulingiseni okungahluziwe. Udinga ukushiya isitokwe esanele—sincane kakhulu, futhi ungase ungasihlanzi isikhumba sokuphonsa; kakhulu, futhi umosha isikhathi esibizayo sokwenza imishini nokugqokwa kwamathuluzi, ikakhulukazi kuma-alloys aqinile.
Sasinengxenye, ubakaki omkhulu wensimbi. Idizayini yayinebhobo elibalulekile elidinga ukuqedwa okuhle nokubekezelelana okuqinile. Indlela yokuqala kwakuwukuyisakaza ngomgogodla oqinile, bese uyibhola bese uyibhoboza kumshini wokugaya we-CNC. Ingxoxo yamathuluzi yayimbi, futhi sadlula ezindaweni eziningi eziyisicefe. Isixazululo kwaba ukujikijela ibhore ngaphansi kancane kodwa ngembobo pre-core. Lokhu kunikeza ithuluzi eliyisicefe indawo yokuqala efanayo futhi kwaqeda iningi lengxoxo. Yengeze isinyathelo ekwenzeni iphethini, kodwa yonga amahora esikhathi somshini kanye nekhwalithi ethuthukisiwe. I-synergy leyo. I inkampani yokukhipha insimbi futhi isitolo somshini sidinga ukuba sengxoxweni, kahle ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa.
Uma sibheka ububanzi be-QSY—ukwakheka kwegobolondo, ukufakwa kwe-investimenti, kanye nomshini ogcwele we-CNC—lokho kuhlanganiswa kuyisiphakamiso senani esingacacile. Abayona nje i-Foundry noma isitolo semisebenzi. Balawula lonke uchungechunge lwenani ukusuka kuphethini ukuya engxenyeni eqediwe, emshinini. Lokhu kulawula okuguquguqukayo. Umakhi angabuyela kumphathi we-Foundry futhi athi, Le batch isebenza kanzima, futhi bangakwazi ukuyilandelela bayibuyisele endaweni yokushisa noma ekumisweni kwezinga lokushisa kwesikhunta.
Izindleko Zangempela zikuRework (noma Ukuntula Kwakho)
Intengo ngekhilogremu ngayinye yokusakaza iyimethrikhi eyingozi ongathenga ngayo. Ukuthela okushibhe kakhulu kungaba ingxenye ebiza kakhulu uma sekufike umugqa wakho wokuhlanganisa. I-porosity yangaphezulu ephumelele ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo ingase ibangele ukwehluleka kophawu ohlelweni lwe-hydraulic. Ukufakwa okungabonwa kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kokukhathala okuyinhlekelele. Izindleko ke akukhona ukulingisa; yisimangalo sewaranti, ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kokukhiqiza, ukonakala kwesithunzi.
Amasistimu ekhwalithi ku-Foundry awawona umsebenzi wamaphepha. Ziyizinqubo zokuhlola ezingabhubhi (NDT)— ukungena koketshezi, izinhlayiya kazibuthe, ukuhlolwa kwe-radiographic yezingxenye ezibalulekile. Ukuhlola kwe-athikili yokuqala, ukulawulwa kwenqubo yezibalo kubukhulu. Ezingxenyeni zobuqotho obuphezulu, ungase udinge umbiko wokuhlolwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo oqinisekisiwe onezici zomshini ezivela ku-coupon cast eceleni kokukhiqizwa. Konke lokhu kubiza imali, kodwa umshwalense owuthengayo.
Kwehlela ekulawuleni ubungozi. Ingabe wenza i-hardware yokuhlobisa noma ingxenye ye-valve ye-subsea? Izinqubo (isikhunta segobolondo ngokumelene nokutshalwa kwezimali), ibanga lezinto ezibonakalayo, izinga lokuhlola—konke kuyakala ngomphumela wokwehluleka. A serious inkampani yokukhipha insimbi uzobuza mayelana nesicelo kusenesikhathi. Bazohlehla uma idizayini ingakwazi ukukhishwa noma izobiza kakhulu emshinini. Lokho pushback, owazalwa ngokuhlangenwe nakho, ilokho okukhokhelayo. Akuyona isevisi; kuwukubambisana ukugwema izindleko ezifihliwe.
Ngakho-ke, Ufunani Empeleni?
Uma ucwaninga izingxenye zabalingisi, awuzifuni ngempela inkampani yokukhipha insimbi. Ufuna umhlinzeki wesixazululo wengxenye yensimbi yomumo oseduze nenetha. Ukulingisa kuyisigaba esisodwa nje. Udinga umlingani oqonda lonke uhambo ukusuka kumodeli yakho ye-CAD ukuya engxenyeni eboshelwe emkhiqizweni wakho. Lokho kusho ubungcweti benqubo yokusakaza ngokwayo (njengegobolondo nezindlela zokutshala imali ezigqanyiswa yi-QSY), ulwazi olujulile lwempahla oludlulela ngale kwemininingwane, kanye nekhono lomshini elihlanganisiwe.
Iwebhusayithi kanye nomlando weminyaka engama-30 kuyizimpawu. Babonisa ukuphikelela, ulwazi oluqoqiwe, futhi okungenzeka, isisekelo samakhasimende esibambelele kubo ngoba siletha ukwethembeka. Kulo mkhakha, awusindi emashumini amathathu eminyaka ezindaweni zokuthengisa eziwubukhazikhazi. Usinda ngokuletha ama-casting angahluleki njalo ensimini, ngokuxazulula izinkinga ezinjengomshini we-cobalt alloy ngaphandle kokucekela phansi amathuluzi akho, nangokwethembeka lapho umklamo udinga ukushintshwa.
Ngokuzayo uma uhlola umphakeli, ungavele nje ucele ikhotheshini. Buza mayelana nenqubo yabo yokulingisa yokuqinisa ejwayelekile. Buza ukuthi bayisingatha kanjani impendulo phakathi kwamathimba abo asebenza ngomshini nawe-Foundry. Cela isifundo lapho ukuguqulwa kwedizayini kuthuthukise ukwenziwa kwezinto. Izimpendulo zabo zizokutshela okuningi mayelana nekhono labo njengeqiniso inkampani yokukhipha insimbi kunanoma iyiphi incwajana ecwebezelayo engake yaba nayo. Okusele kuyinsimbi encibilikisiwe nje.
