Lapho onjiniyela bayacacisa 410 insimbi engagqwali ngenxa yamandla aphezulu, izingxenye eziphathwa ukushisa-njengemizimba ye-valve ye-hydraulic, izindlu zepompo, noma ama-winch shafts-azigcini nje ngokukhetha impahla. Bazibophezela kumlingani womkhiqizi oqonda ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-410's martensitic kusebenza kanjani ngaphansi kwengcindezi, ukuthi ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala okulinganiselwe kudinga kanjani ukulawulwa okuqondile kwendawo, nokuthi kungani ukungaguquguquki kokuqina kwe-batch-to-batch kubaluleke ngaphezu kwezinombolo eziqinile zodwa.
Yilapho isipiliyoni sehlukanisa abahlinzeki nezimboni. Ngo QINGDAO QIANGSENYUAN TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD., senze ngomshini izingxenye zensimbi engagqwali ezingaphezu kuka-12,000 410 zemibhobho yephampu yendawo kawoyela yaseNyakatho Melika kusukela ngo-2021—nganye idinga ubulukhuni be-Rockwell C42–48 ngemva kokucisha nokushisa, ±0.015 mm ukubekezelelwa kwejiyomethri ebusweni obuvalwa, kanye nokulandeleka okugcwele kwe-ASTM666 yezinto ezingavuthiwe. Sibone amakhasimende enqaba izingxenye ngenxa yokuqhekeka okuncane eduze kwezibopho ezicijile ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa—futhi safunda ukushintsha izindlela zamathuluzi nemijikelezo yokushisa kwangaphambili ngokufanele. Siphinde sabona abathengi bekushaya indiva ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-nickel ephansi kwe-410 kukwenza kuzwele ekuhlaselweni kwe-intergranular ezindaweni ezinothe nge-chloride ngaphandle uma kudluliswa kahle. Lawa akuwona umbhalo waphansi wezincwadi. Ziyizifundo zensimu ezibhakwe kukho konke 410 imboni yensimbi engagqwali inqubo esiyiqhubayo.
Ukunemba akuyona into yokuzikhethela-kwakhelwe ekuziphatheni kwe-alloy
Insimbi engagqwali engu-410 iletha amandla ngokuguqulwa kwe-martensitic—hhayi amafilimu e-chromium oxide. Lokho kusho ukuthi ukusebenza kwayo kuncike ezintweni ezintathu eziguquguqukayo ezihlanganiswe ngokuqinile: ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali (ikakhulukazi ibhalansi yekhabhoni ne-chromium), umlando wokushisa, kanye nokuqedwa komshini. Isitifiketi sokugaya esijwayelekile asiqinisekisi ukuqina okungaguquguquki. Sithola amabhilidi angama-410 aqinisekiswe ku-AMS 5504 futhi siqinisekisa ukushisa ngakunye nge-OES spectroscopy ngaphambi komshini. Uma ikhabhoni ikhukhuleka ngaphezu kuka-0.15%, silungisa amazinga okucisha. Uma i-chromium yehla ngaphansi kuka-11.5%, sihlaba umkhosi inqwaba—ngisho noma ifinyelela ubuncane be-ASTM—ngoba ukugqoka komhlaba wangempela kuyancipha.
Sihlanganisa ukwelashwa kokushisa ngqo ekuhambeni komsebenzi wethu we-CNC. Izingxenye zisuka ezindaweni ezijikisayo ziye kumafurnase ngaphansi kwamaminithi angu-90—akukho ukuchayeka kwe-ambient. Ukucisha kusebenzisa igesi ye-nitrogen ngesivinini esilawulwayo, hhayi uwoyela noma amanzi, okuqeda izingozi zokuhlanekezela ezindlini zamasilinda anezindonga ezincane. Ukushisa kwenzeka emahoreni angu-4 emva kokuqedwa, hhayi ezinsukwini kamuva. Kungani? Ngoba i-austenite egciniwe iguquka ngokungalindelekile ngale kwalelo windi, ilahle ubulukhuni bokugcina nokuzinza kwe-dimensional. Leli zinga lesiyalo se-metallurgical akuxoxiswana ngaso uma ingxenye yakho ivaleka ku-3,000 psi noma izungeza ngaphansi kwemithwalo yewintshi yamathani angu-15.
Ukuhlanganiswa okuqondile kuxazulula lokho okunqamukile kokukhipha umsebenzi
Abanye abahlinzeki bakhipha imithombo yokusakaza, ukulungisa imishini, nokwelashwa kokushisa ukuze bahlukanise abathengisi. Lokho kudala izindawo eziyimpumputhe: i-Foundry ayiwazi ama-callouts akho e-GD&T; into yokushisa ukushisa ayikwazi ukubona izidingo zakho zokuqeda ubuso; umphelelisi uthola izingxenye ezinesilinganiso esingahambisani noma izendlalelo ze-decarb. Siphethe zontathu izigaba—esikhungweni esisodwa esiqinisekisiwe se-ISO 9001 e-Qingdao.
- Iyasakaza: Izindlu ze-Sand-cast 410 ezinokulawula ukuqina kokuqondisa-ukunciphisa ukuncipha kwe-porosity ezindaweni zomthwalo obalulekile ngo-62% uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhunta esivamile
- Ukwenza imishini: Izikhungo ze-CNC ze-5-axis ezinokuphenywa okungaphakathi kwenqubo okulungile ekukhuleni okushisayo ngesikhathi sokusikeka okude kuma-piston rod bores angu-120-mm-diameter
- Ukuqeda: Izindawo ezifakwe ugesi zithola u-Ra ≤ 0.4 µm ezindaweni ezivaliwe—ziqinisekiswa ngama-profilometer, hhayi izilinganiso ezibonakalayo
Lokhu akuphathelene nokunethezeka. Kumayelana nokuvimbela izindlela zokwehluleka umthengisi oyedwa ongumnikazi wawo: isici sokulingisa esimbozwe isitokwe somshini, ukufundwa okungalungile kwe-warp yokwelapha ukushisa njengephutha lokulungisa, noma ifilimu ye-passivation ekhishwe ngesikhathi kuchithwa. Uma u-oda kusuka kuqiniso 410 imboni yensimbi engagqwali, uthola iqembu elilodwa elibophezelekile kulo lonke iketango-kusuka kunsimbi encibilikisiwe kuya ekuqinisekisweni kokusebenza.
Ukuqinisekiswa komhlaba wangempela kwedlula imininingwane yephepha ngaso sonke isikhathi
Sihlola izingxenye ezingama-410 njengabasebenzisi bokugcina—hhayi nje kumazinga e-ASTM, kodwa ekucindezelekeni kohlelo lokusebenza. Zonke izindlu zamavalvu okucindezelayo zithola ukuhlolwa kobufakazi be-hydrostatic ngomfutho olinganiselwe ongu-1.5×, ngokuhlolwa okungenadayi kuzo zonke izindawo zokulungisa amashicileli. Yonke i-winch center shaft roller isebenzisa umjikelezo wokuguga osheshisiwe wamahora angu-72 ngokumelene nobuso obuqinile obungu-42CrMo4—ukulinganisa ukulahlekelwa okukhulu, ukuguquguquka kokuqina kwendawo, kanye nokujula kokuqina kokuqina okuncane. Sibhala imiphumela ngenombolo yelotho ngayinye. Uthola idatha—hhayi nje isitembu esithi “pass/feil”.
Amakhasimende avame ukubuza: “Ingabe ungakwazi ukubamba ±0.005 mm kushafti engu-410 engu-300-mm-ubude?” Yebo—kodwa kuphela uma siwumshini ngokusetha okubili: sivula i-lathe eqinile, bese siqeda ngemva kokudambisa ingcindezi ku-650°C. Sizokutshela lokho ekuqaleni. Ngeke sicaphune ukubekezelelana esingakwazi ukukubamba kumayunithi angama-500. Futhi uma umdwebo wakho udinga irediyasi engu-0.2-mm lapho ukuzwela kwenotshi engu-410 kudinga u-0.5 mm—sizokubonisa ishadi lemishini yokuphuka futhi siphakamise ushintsho ngaphambi kokusika insimbi.
Ukuthembeka ku-410 insimbi engagqwali kuqala kudala ngaphambi kokuthi kundiza i-chip yokuqala. Iqala ngokwazi ukuthi i-alloy iphendula kanjani-hhayi ukuthi kufanele iphendule kanjani. Kwa-QINGDAO QIANGSENYUAN TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD., Siphatha zonke izinhlobo 410 imboni yensimbi engagqwali oda njengobambiswano lwe-metallurgical. Sinikeza izingxenye ezinembayo. Kodwa okubaluleke nakakhulu, siletha ukubikezela-ubukhulu, umshini, nokulethwa. Ngoba amasistimu abalulekile emishini awahluleki ezintweni ezimbi. Bahluleka kusukela kokuguquguqukayo okungalawulwa. Futhi lezo eziguquguqukayo zihlala emininingwaneni esiyilawulayo.
