Uma uzwa 'i-alloy steel investment cast', umcabango osheshayo uvame ukugxumela kumabanga abalulekile - 4140, 4340, 8620 - kanye nesithembiso samajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi. Leyo yinkulumo yencwajana. Indaba yangempela, leyo enquma ukuthi ingxenye ethile iphila noma ifela enkonzweni, iqala ngemva kokuthi umake ibhokisi kukhemistri. Imayelana 'njani', hhayi nje 'yini'. Ngibone imiklamo eminingi kakhulu ecacisa i-alloy esebenza kahle kakhulu ukuthi yehluleke ngoba ukuqonda kwenqubo bekungekho. Ukukhanga kucacile: izingxenye eziseduze-netha-shape, isiphetho esihle kakhulu, inkululeko yokuklama. Kodwa igebe phakathi kwalokho kuheha kanye nengxenye yokusebenza ehlezi emhlanganweni yilapho umsebenzi wangempela wenziwa khona.
I-Core Dance: I-alloy Behavior kanye ne-Process Windows
Ake sikhulume ngokuncibilika. Ngama-alloy steels, awutheli nje insimbi ewuketshezi; uphethe i-cocktail yezinto ngayinye efuna ukuziphatha ngendlela ehlukile ngesikhathi sokuqinisa. I-Chromium, i-molybdenum, i-nickel – zikhona ukuze zibe namandla nokuba lukhuni, kodwa futhi zishintsha iphethini yokuqinisa. Umgodi ovamile ukuphatha ukuthululwa njengensimbi ye-carbon ejwayelekile. Akunjalo. I-viscosity iyashintsha, i-fluidity iyashintsha. Uma isistimu yakho yokugenca nokukhuphuka yakhelwe 'insimbi' evamile, umema ukushwabana kwe-porosity ezindaweni ezimbi kakhulu, ngokuvamile ezifihlwe ngaphakathi. Ngikhumbula iqoqo lezingalo ze-lever zesistimu ye-hydraulic, ngo-8630, eyaphumelela ukuhlolwa kokuqala kodwa yehluleka ekuhloleni ukukhathala. Indawo ephukile ibonise imbobo yakudala yokuncipha khona kanye kufillet yengcindezi ephezulu. Iphethini yayiphelele, umhlangano we-wax wawulungile. Inkinga? Izinga lokushisa lokuthulula beliphezulu kakhulu kuleyo zimpawu ezishisayo zengxubevange ethile, okukhuthaza imodi ethile yokuncipha. Sayishayela emuva, hhayi ngenombolo yebhuku, kodwa ngokuzwa nokuzama ukulandelana, futhi inkinga yashabalala.
Yilapho igobolondo liba bucayi khona. Akusona nje isikhunta esingenzi lutho. Ezinsimbi ze-alloy, ezivame ukuba nezinga lokushisa eliphakeme lokuthulula, ukumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo kwegobolondo kanye nokuqina akuxoxiswana. Igobolondo elibuthaka kakhulu lizoqhekeka noma lonakale; eyodwa ene-permeability ephansi ibamba amagesi, okuholela emigodini engaphezulu noma ekushayeni. Silinganise kusistimu ye-silica ehlanganisiwe enezendlalelo eziningi enezilinganiso ezithile ze-binder zomsebenzi wethu we-alloy ephezulu. Kuyiresiphi eyazalwa kusukela eminyakeni yokuqhekeka kwamagobolondo (ngokoqobo) nokuhlola ukwehluleka. Ufunda ukuthi umjikelezo we-autoclave we-dewaxing ubaluleke kakhulu njenge-slurry viscosity - umlotha osalayo ovela kwiphethini engashiswanga kahle ungabangela ukukhubazeka kokusakazwa komsindo ngenye indlela.
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kulapho amandla engxubevange evuleka khona noma wonakaliswa. Ungaphonsa ijometri ephelele ngo-4140, kodwa uma ukuphatha ukushisa kungalungile, kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise into eshibhile. Inselele ngokulingisa kwe-investimenti ubukhulu besigaba esishintshashintsha njalo. Ingxenye encane izopholisa futhi iguqule ngokuhlukile kuhabhu eliwugqinsi ngesikhathi sokucisha. Siqhubekele ekucimeni igesi enomfutho ophezulu eziko ukuze uthole ukupholisa okufanayo kwezingxenye ezibalulekile. Kodwa noma kunjalo, ayisethiwe-futhi-kukhohliwe. Udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungawabeka kuphi ama-thermocouples, ukuthi ungazilungisa kanjani izingxenye ukuze unciphise ukuhlanekezela. Ingxoxo ephindaphindayo phakathi kwe-Foundry kanye ne-heater. Ngike ngaba nezingxabano namakhasimende afuna inani elilodwa lobunzima engxenyeni ethile enokwehluka kwesigaba esingu-4:1 - akunakwenzeka ngokwenyama ngaphandle kokuyekethisa kwenye indawo. Okubalulekile ukuphatha okulindelwe nokugxila ebukhuni kanye ne-microstructure ezindaweni zokusebenza ezibalulekile.
Precision Machining: Uzakwethu Odingekayo
Akukho ukufakwa kwe-investimenti 'okungokwakheka inetha' kwengxenye yensimbi ye-alloy ebekezelela kakhulu. Kuhlala kukhona indawo yokukhwelana, ibhore, noma imicu edinga ukwenziwa ngomshini. Yilapho ukusebenzisana - noma ukunqamula - phakathi kokulingisa nokwenza imishini kuchaza izindleko zokugcina. Senza okwethu CNC imishini endlini, futhi lokho kuhlanganiswa okuqondile kuyashintsha umdlalo. Kungani? Ngoba umakhi wemishini ohlangabezana nezindawo eziqinile noma ukuqina okungalindelekile emgodini obalulekile angahamba aqonde ngqo endaweni ephansi futhi axoxe ngelogi lokuthulula nenduna encibilikayo.
Thatha indlu yephampu esiyenzile kusuka ku-CF8M engenasici (izinselelo ezifanayo nezinsimbi eziningi ze-alloy mayelana nokusebenza kanzima). Ubuso be-as-cast flange babulungile, kodwa ibhobo le-shaft seal lalidinga ukuqedwa kwesibuko nokubekezelelana okuqinile. Ukusikeka kokuqala kwembula okumbalwa okuhlakazekile, okuncane okufakiwe. Akwanele ukuvuza, kodwa kwanele ukukhathaza ikhasimende. Ngenxa yokuthi silawule zombili izinqubo, sikwazi ukukulandelela sikubuyisele esimweni esithile somugqa welayili kulokho kushisa. Salungisa umkhuba, futhi inqwaba elandelayo yasebenza njengebhotela. Uma umshini ubukhishiwe, iluphu yempendulo ibizoba amasonto amade, kube nokushintshwa kokusolwa phakathi. Okwezinkampani ezifana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), le ndlela edidiyelwe, ethathe iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu, iyona exazulula izinkinga. Ungabona ifilosofi yabo kusayithi labo ku https://www.tsingtaocnc.com – bayabhala ukubunjwa kwegobolondo, ukutshala imali, futhi CNC imishini njengamasevisi abalulekile ngesizathu. Kuwukuqaphela ukuthi ingxenye ayikaqedwa ize yenziwe ngomshini.
Idizayini ye-fixture ye-machining castings ingubuciko bayo obumnyama. Awubambeki ku-billet; ubamba ukusakaza okungajwayelekile kwesinye isikhathi. Ukuthola indawo engaphandle kwe-cast kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela ukugwema ukukhulisa ukubekezelela ukusakaza. Sivamise ukuklama izinto ezibhekisela kuma-datum athile asungulwe phakathi nenqubo yokusakaza ngokwayo - ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokuhlanganisa amaphedi endawo acishwayo lapho esebenza okokugcina. Yengeza isinyathelo, kodwa iqinisekisa ukunemba kwendawo phakathi kwezici ezisakazwayo nalezo ezenziwe ngomshini.
I-Material Nuances: Lapho Insimbi Inganele
Igama elithi 'alloy steel' liyibhakede elikhulu. Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-alloy ephansi njenge-4110 nensimbi yethuluzi efana ne-H13 kuyisisekelo, hhayi ukukhuphuka. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezigqokwa kakhulu njenge-valve trim noma ama-wear plate, sidlulele kumamaki ashintshiwe nge-vanadium eyengeziwe yokwenza i-carbide. Inqubo yokuphonsa yalokhu inonya - ukushisa okuphezulu kakhulu, amasistimu amagobolondo anolaka kakhulu, nokupholisa okulawulwa kakhulu ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka. Kuyingozi enkulu, kunomvuzo omkhulu. Silahlekelwe yisihlahla sonke sezinto ezifakwayo ze-H13 kanye ngenxa yenhlanganisela yokuthela okubanda kakhulu kanye negobolondo ebeliwugqinsi kakhulu. Ukucindezeleka okushisayo kwakwanele ukubangela izinyembezi ezishisayo kuzo zonke izingxenye. Isifundo esibizayo ekuhlonipheni imingcele yewindi lenqubo yomndeni ngamunye we-alloy.
Bese kuba nomhlaba wama-alloys akhethekile ashiwo ngemisebenzi efana ne-QSY - esekelwe ku-nickel kanye nasekelwe ku-cobalt. Nakuba zingezona 'izinsimbi' eziqinile, zivame ukuwela ngaphansi kwesambulela se-alloy casting kubathengi abaningi. Izimiso ziyefana kodwa zikhulisiwe. Izinto ezisebenzayo, izilawuli ezishisayo eziqinile, kanye nemvamisa egcwele i-HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing) idinga ukusakaza ngemva kokusakaza. Ukusebenza ngalezi zinto kufundisa ukuthobeka. Imajini yakho yephutha incipha cishe ize ibeze. Impumelelo lapha, nokho, njengensimbi enokwethenjelwa ye-Inconel 718 turbine blade, iyona eyakha idumela le-Foundry ngokujulile. ingxubevange steel utshalomali Casting umsebenzi.
Isitifiketi esibalulekile singolunye ungqimba. Kuma-alloys ebanga lokuhweba, isitifiketi sokuncibilika singase sanele. Ngomsebenzi we-aerospace noma wezokuvikela, ubheka ukulandeleka okugcwele: inombolo yokushisa, umthombo wesitoko sebha, ikhemistri evela kulebhu eqinisekisiwe, amakhuphoni okuhlola emishini akhishwa ekushiseni okufanayo futhi acutshungulwe eduze kwezingxenye. Umkhondo wamaphepha ubaluleke njengokulingisa ngokwako. Iwuhlelo oluqinisekisa ukwethembeka kodwa olungeza ngaphezulu okubalulekile. Awukwazi nje 'ukushaya' iqoqo le-4340 eliqinisekisiwe; umcimbi obhaliwe, olawulwayo kusukela kokusetshenziswa okungaphekiwe kuye ekuhlolweni kokugcina.
I-Design Feedback Loop
Lena mhlawumbe isevisi ebaluleke kakhulu ehlinzekwa yi-Foundry enhle: ukweluleka ngomklamo wokwenziwa. Onjiniyela baklama umsebenzi, okulungile. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi irediyasi icaciswa njengo-0.5mm ngenxa yokuthi isistimu ye-CAD izenzekele kuyo, hhayi ngoba ibalulekile ngokusebenza kwayo. Ukufaka lokho ngensimbi ye-alloy kucela inkinga - ukugxilisa ingcindezi, ubunzima ekwakhiweni kwamagobolondo, cishe ukuncipha okuqinisekisiwe. Sizohlehlisa, siphakamise irediyasi engu-2mm esakazwa kakhudlwana, futhi u-99% wesikhathi, yamukelwe. Yilezi zingxoxo ezincane ezithuthukisa ingxenye.
Sake saba nomklamo wobakaki onesakhiwo esihle, esiyinkimbinkimbi se-lattice ukonga isisindo. Kubukeke kukuhle esikrinini. Ngensimbi ye-alloy, kwakuyiphupho elibi. Amalungu azacile aphole ngokushesha okukhulu, okwenza izindawo eziphukayo, futhi igobolondo alikwazanga ukusulwa ngokuthembekile emigodini eyinkimbinkimbi. Sisebenze nomklami, sababonisa izindlela zokuhluleka ezivivinyweni zethu, futhi ngokubambisana sakha isakhiwo sezimbambo esilula, esiqine kakhudlwana esihlangabezana nokuqina nezinhloso zesisindo. Ingxenye yokugcina yaba yimpumelelo, kodwa yayibukeka ihlukile embonweni wokuqala. Ukubambisana lokho. Umthombo onjengawo QSY, ngomlando wayo omude, inikeza ngokungagunci lokhu kujula kokuhlangenwe nakho. Akukhona nje ukwenza iphethini ye-wax; imayelana nokuqondisa konke ukufezeka okungenziwa komqondo.
Isofthiwe yokulingisa iyithuluzi, hhayi umprofethi. Sisebenzisa imodeli yokuqinisa ngokwenkolo. Isibonisa izindawo ezishisayo ezingaba khona kanye neziqondiso zokubeka isikhuphukeli. Kodwa imininingwane yolwazi yesoftware ijwayelekile. Ukuziphatha komhlaba wangempela kwe-4150 melt yakho ethile, ngengxube yakho yasendaweni yokubuyisela kabusha, kumswakama wesitshalo sakho, kuhlukile. Ukulingisa kukunikeza indawo yokuqala, i-hypothesis. Ube ususebenzisa izivivinyo zomhlaba wangempela, ukulingisa kwezigaba zesampula, ulinganise isikhala sengalo ye-dendrite, futhi ulinganise imodeli yakho ibe ngokoqobo yakho. Kuyinqubo eqhubekayo. Ukukholwa okuyimpumputhe kumephu yombala wokulingisa kuholele i-Foundry engaphezu kweyodwa phansi emgodini onogwaja.
Ezomnotho kanye Nokusebenza Komhlaba Wangempela
Okokugcina, masikhulume ngokungagwegwesi: ingxubevange steel utshalomali Casting ayishibhile. Izindleko zamathuluzi zamaphethini we-wax ziphezulu. Inqubo iwumsebenzi futhi idinga amandla. Kwenza umqondo wezomnotho kuphela uma udinga inhlanganisela yejiyomethri eyinkimbinkimbi, isiphetho esihle sendawo, kanye nezakhiwo zemishini ze-alloy. Iphuzu lokulinganisa eliqhathaniswa nokwakhiwa noma ukwenziwa kwemishini kusuka kokuqinile kuvame ukuzungeza amavolumu aphakathi nendawo - amakhulu kuya ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa zezingcezu. Kuma-prototypes aphuma kanye, kuvame ukubiza kakhulu ngaphandle uma kungekho enye inqubo engenza ingxenye.
Inani lisekuhlanganisweni. Muva nje senze ingxenye yebhokisi lika-gearbox eyayijwayele ukwenziwa ngezingcezu ezinhlanu ezihlukene ezakhiwe neziwumshini, ezihlanganiswe ndawonye. Siyiphonsa njengeyodwa ukutshala imali ngo-8620, enamajenali anezimbobo kuphela kanye nezimbobo zamabholidi ezidinga umshini. Sisuse isikhathi somhlangano, izinkinga zokuqondanisa, nezindlela zokuvuza ezingaba khona. Izindleko zangaphambili zamathuluzi zimukelwe ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, futhi izindleko eziphelele ngeyunithi ngayinye zehle cishe ngama-30%. Yileyo ndawo emnandi.
Ngakho-ke, uma uhlola umthombo, bheka ngale kohlu lwamathuluzi. Buza mayelana nezinqubo zabo eziqondene ne-alloy. Buza izibonelo zokuthi bayixazulula kanjani inkinga ye-porosity noma yokuhlanekezela. Buza ukuthi bayamshini yini abakufakayo. Izimpendulo zizokutshela uma usebenza nesitolo sezimpahla noma uzakwethu wezobuchwepheshe. Kungumehluko phakathi kokuthola abalingisi nokuthola ingxenye esebenzayo. Yilokho umdlalo ngempela.
