Lapho abantu bekhuluma ngokuphonswa kwe-wax elahlekile, bavame ukugxumela ngqo ensimbi-ekuthelweni kokugcina, insimbi eqediwe noma ingxenye yengxubevange. Kodwa indaba yangempela, leyo enqumayo ukuthi uthola yini ukulingisa okusebenzisekayo noma inqwaba yezilahleko ezibizayo, iqala ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Iqala ngengcina. Ngokuqondile, ngokuyiqopha. Lokhu akuphathelene nokubaza ngobuciko; ubunjiniyela ngendlela ethambile. Ukungaqondi kahle okuvamile ukuthi noma iyiphi imodeli ye-wax izokwenza, ukuthi inqubo izolungisa ukungapheleli okuncane. Leyo ithrekhi esheshayo eya ekuhlulekeni. Iphethini ye-wax iyiphozithivu ngokuphelele; wonke amaphutha, yonke i-undercut, wonke ugqinsi olungahambisani nodonga lukhiqizwa kabusha ngokwethembeka kugobolondo le-ceramic bese kuba sensimbi encibilikisiwe. Ngibone amaphrojekthi amaningi ehluleka ngoba othile uphathe isiteji se-wax njengohlaka olunzima. Ipulani.
I-Material Akuyona Nje I-Wax
Awukwazi ukuvele ubambe ikhandlela. Ngokufaka utshalomali, sisebenzisa inhlanganisela ethile, ngokuvamile eyingxube yama-wax emvelo nawokwenziwa, ama-resin, nama-filler. Ukwakheka kwayo kunquma yonke into: ukuthi ibaza kanjani, iyibamba kanjani imininingwane, indawo yayo encibilika, futhi ngokubaluleke kakhulu, insalela yomlotha wayo ngemva kokutubeka. I-wax eqine kakhulu iba brittle, ibeke engozini imifantu njengoba uqopha noma lapho iphola emjovweni. Ithambile kakhulu, futhi ilahlekelwa incazelo, ikhubaza ngaphansi kwesisindo sayo, noma yonakaliswa izigxivizo zeminwe. Abahlinzeki abafana no-Freeman noma uM. Argueso banamafomula abo okuphathelene, futhi ukuthola elungile kuwuhhafu wempi. Sizinze nge-wax yemodeli eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emaphakathi-oqinile emisebenzini eminingi yephethini eyenziwa ngesandla—inezinyo elihle lokuqopha futhi ayiwashisi amathuluzi kalula.
Ukulawula izinga lokushisa kuwumdanso oqhubekayo. Gcoba ekamelweni elibandayo, futhi i-wax iyaphuka. Esitolo esifudumele, kuba nzima. Ngigcina isibhamu sokushisa siphansi eduze ukuze ngingancibiliki ucezu, kodwa ukufudumala amathuluzi ami ngezikhathi ezithile noma ngithambise kahle indawo ethile ukuze ngisike ngokujulile. Kuyinqubo ethinta inhliziyo. Ufunda ukufunda i-wax ngomsindo we-blade kanye nokugoqa kokushefa. I-curl ehlanzekile, eqhubekayo isho ukuthi izinga lokushisa nobukhali bethuluzi kulungile. Uthuli oluyimpuphu kusho ukuthi kubanda kakhulu; ukusika okumanikiniki, okudabukileyo kusho ukuthi ithuluzi libuthuntu noma ingcina ifudumele kakhulu.
Yilapho-ke ulwazi oluvela emsebenzini osekuyisikhathi eside lubalulekile. Endaweni efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ngeminyaka yabo engu-30 ekulingiseni, bayaqonda ukuthi isayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo idlulela esitolo samaphethini. I-wax ekhethelwe umzimba wevalvu yensimbi engagqwali izohluka kulowo wensingo eyinkimbinkimbi ye-cobalt-based alloy turbine blade. Ama-coefficients okunweba okushisayo kufanele acatshangelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iphethini ye-wax incipha ngendlela ebikezelwayo, okuthi kamuva inxeshezelwe ekwakhiweni kwesikhunta. Kuwuchungechunge lokunemba, futhi isixhumanisi sokuqala i-wax chemistry.
Amathuluzi Ohwebo: Ngale Kommese
Wonke umuntu uthwebula i-scalpel noma isethi yamathuluzi wamazinyo. Lezo zibalulekile, yebo. Kodwa ama-workhorses wangempela avame ukwenziwa ngezifiso. Ngilungise inqwaba yama-spatula namathuluzi we-loop, ngiwagoba kuma-engeli athile ukuze afinyelele ezindaweni ezingezinhle zemodeli eyinhloko. Ukuze kuncishiswe amanani amakhulu, i-hot wire cutter ibalulekile, kodwa ukuyilawula kuwubuciko—ishisa kakhulu futhi incibilikisa umzila obanzi, ibanda kakhulu futhi iyadonsa. Ufuna ukuthi ishise ngokwanele ukuthi ikwazi ukunqamula ngokumelana kancane.
Bese kuba nesibani sotshwala esithobekile. Hhayi okokukhanyisa, kodwa okokuqeda. Ukudlula okusheshayo, okunekhono kwelangabi phezu kwendawo eqoshiwe—ukuyiqabula—kuncibilikisa izimpawu zamathuluzi amancane futhi kwakha isikhumba esingenasici. Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe ukuphela kwendawo okulingiswe kuyo okucaciswe emdwebeni. Kodwa yibambe ingxenye yesekhondi yinde kakhulu, futhi ulahlekelwa imiphetho ebukhali nemininingwane emihle. Ngicekele phansi amaphethini angaphezu kwelilodwa ngokuphelelwa yisineke ngelangabi. Kuyisikhumbuzo sokuthi lokhu kuyinqubo yokususa; awukwazi ukwengeza izinto futhi.
Kumajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi uma sidinga amaphethini e-wax amaningi afanayo, sithuthela ekubumbeni umjovo. Kodwa noma kunjalo, inkosi yokuqala—leyo eyenza i-aluminium tooling die—iqoshwe ngesandla. Leyo nkosi kufanele iphelele. Noma yimuphi usinki, noma yikuphi ukuqondiswa kwe-engeli okusalungiswa, kuyaphindwa. Ngikhumbula umsebenzi we-pump impeller lapho imodeli ye-CAD yeklayenti yayinephrofayela enhle, ye-aerodynamic blade. Ukuqopha lokho ku-wax ukuze uthwebule amajika acashile we-mold master kwakuwumsebenzi wesonto lonke ekulungiseni izinto ezincane kanye nokuqinisekisa okuqhubekayo ngamageji wephrofayela. Isikhunta se-aluminium esenziwe ngomshini we-CNC esithathwe kuleyo nkosi ye-wax yiso manje asesisebenzisela ukukhiqizwa kwephethini ye-wax yevolumu ephezulu.
I-Devil's in the Draft (kanye Nokuqina Kodonga)
Lona umthetho ongaxoxiswana nawo kakhulu ekwenzeni iphethini yokusakaza: ama-engeli asalungiswa. Yonke indawo eqondile kufanele ibe ne-taper encane ukuvumela iphethini ukuthi ihoxiswe esikhunjeni, noma kithina, ukuze igobolondo le-ceramic liphume ngesikhathi sokuxotshwa. Akukho okusalungiswa kusho ukuphuka kwegobolondo. Kubonakala kulula, kodwa ezingxenyeni eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinezimbambo kanye nama-webs, ukugcina uhlaka olungaguquki, oluncane (ngokuvamile lube ngaphansi kwamadigri angu-1-2) kuyilapho ukudweba ngeso nangesandla kuwukubala kwengqondo okuqhubekayo. Uhlala ubambe ingxenye nge-engeli, ubheka imigqa yokubona.
Ukufana kokuqina kwezindonga kungomunye umbulali othule. Ingxenye ewugqinsi engazelelwe ku-wax izoba indawo eshisayo ekubunjweni, okuholela ekushwabaneni kwe-porosity njengoba iqina ekugcineni. Uma uqopha iphethini ye-wax, ake sithi, indlu, uhlala ukala ngama-caliper, uqinisekisa ukuthi izinguquko zenzeka kancane kancane. Umgomo uwukuqondisa ukuqiniswa kusuka ezigabeni ezincanyana kuya kwesinda kakhulu, okuvamise ukudinga ukungeza izifunzi ze-wax noma izikhuphukeli ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa iphethini eyisisekelo kufanele izwakale. Ngifunde lokhu ngendlela enzima kuphrojekthi yokuqala yobakaki. Ukulingisa kubukeke kuhle kodwa kwehlulekile ngaphansi komthwalo. I-Radiography yembula isikhungo esinesiponji khona lapho udonga lwami lwengcina lwalulugqinsi ngamamilimitha ambalwa kunendawo ezungezile. Insimbi yayazi, noma amehlo ami engazi.
Izinkampani ezigxile ekulingiseni utshalomali, njenge QSY abaphatha yonke into kusukela ekubunjweni kwegobolondo kuya kumishini ye-CNC, banalesi simiso esibhakwe enqubweni yabo. Onjiniyela babo babuyekeza umklamo wephethini ye-wax—ngisho noqoshwe ngesandla—owugqinsi odongeni nokusabalalisa kwesisindo esishisayo njengento eyinhloko ekhathazayo, ngokuvamile ngaphambi kokuba kusikwe ingcina eyodwa. Ukuhlola okuhlanganyelwayo okuvimbela amaphutha ayisisekelo.
I-Assembly and Gating: I-Geometry Engasuliwe
Akuvamile ukuphonswa iphethini eyodwa ye-wax. Ngokuvamile, uqopha izingxenye ngokuhlukana bese uzihlanganisa esihlahleni se-wax usebenzisa amathuluzi ashisayo kanye ne-wax ekhethekile yokuhlanganisa. Lesi sinyathelo silula ngokukhohlisa. I-weld ebuthakathaka lapha isho ingxenye ewayo ngesikhathi sokuphatha igobolondo. Ukushisa okukhulu kakhulu, futhi uhlanekezela izici ezithambile osanda kuzichitha amahora uqopha. Ijoyinti kufanele lihlanzeke futhi liqine, kungabikho izikhala zangaphakathi ezingabamba umoya noma udaka lwegobolondo.
Bese kuba nesango—okuhlanganisa imigudu yengcina ezoba izindlela zensimbi encibilikisiwe. Lokhu akukhona nje ukunamathela ezindongeni zengcina. Ububanzi, ubude, kanye ne-engeli yokunamathisela yesango ngalinye kulawula ngokuqondile ukugeleza nokuqiniswa kwensimbi. Isango elincane kakhulu libanga ukungezwani; eyodwa enamathiselwe nge-engeli ebukhali idala isiphithiphithi nokufakwa kwe-slag. Sivame ukusebenzisa imigoqo yokugijima ye-wax eyakhiwe ngaphambilini namasango, kodwa ukubekwa kwayo kuwucingo lokwahlulela olusekelwe ku-geometry yengxenye. Ngiyidweba ephepheni kuqala, ngibone ngeso lengqondo indlela yensimbi. Kunomthetho wesithupha: isango elingena engxenyeni ewugqinsi. Kodwa ngezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngezinye izikhathi udinga amasango amaningi, okudinga ukugeleza kokulinganisa. Kuyingxenye ye-fluid dynamics, ingxenye yesipiliyoni.
Ngokusakazwa kobuqotho okuphezulu kuma-alloys akhethekile afana ne-nickel-based noma asekelwe ku-cobalt-izinto ezibonakalayo I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. ubala njengento ekhethekile—idizayini yokungena ibaluleke nakakhulu. Lawa ma-alloys ayabiza futhi avame ukuthela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu. Isistimu yokungena eklanywe kabi esihlahleni se-wax ayifaki engozini ingxenye enesici; imosha izinkulungwane zamaRandi ezintweni ezibonakalayo. Isango lokungena kufanele likhuthaze ukugeleza kwe-laminar kanye nokuqina okuqhubekela phambili ekukhuphukeni. Leyo nhloso yokuklama iqala njengomdwebo, bese itholwa ngokomzimba emhlanganweni we-wax.
Ukwehluleka Kunguthisha Ongcono KuneMpumelelo
Awuyiqondi ngempela i-wax uze uyibone ihluleka. Ngikhumbula iphethini yepuleti elikhulu, eliyisicaba esalenza. Yayiqoshwe kahle, inohlaka oluphelele. Sayitshala, sayishisa, sathela. Ukubunjwa okwaba khona kwakusontekile, njenge-chip yamazambane. Imbangela? Ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi ku-wax kusukela kunqubo yomjovo yasekuqaleni eyakhululeka ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwegobolondo, ihlanekezela isikhunta. Manje, ngokucaba okubucayi, singasebenzisa i-wax ekhulula ukucindezeleka noma siklame ijika eliphikisayo elincane libe yiphethini ye-wax, silindele ukuhlanekezela. Kuyiqhinga ongeke ulithole encwadini yokufunda.
Enye i-classic: igobolondo liyaqhekeka ngesikhathi se-autoclave dewaxing. Ukushisa kwesitimu esisheshayo kubangela ukuthi ingcina ikhule ngamandla. Uma i-wax inokuqukethwe kokugcwalisa okuphezulu noma isici esingalungile sokuncibilika, ingakhiqiza ingcindezi eyanele yokuphuka igobolondo le-ceramic ngaphakathi. Isixazululo singase sibe ukushintshela kufomula ye-wax yokwandisa kancane noma ukuguqula umjikelezo wokukhipha waxing—irempu ehamba kancane, ukucindezela okuphansi. Kodwa uyofuna leso sixazululo kuphela ngemva kokuzwa umsindo wegobolondo eliqhekekile futhi ubone ukutshalwa kwezimali okonakele.
Lokhu kwehluleka yingakho isigaba sokwenza iphethini singakwazi ukuhlukaniswa. Ihlanganiswe nenqubo yokusungula. Umenzi wephethini omuhle udinga ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani ekamelweni elinodaka, isithando somlilo esivuthayo, kanye nendawo yokuthela. Lokho kuyinzuzo yomhlinzeki wesevisi ephelele. Lapho isitolo sephethini, isakhiwo segobolondo, nokuncibilika kungaphansi kophahla olulodwa, njengaku QSY, iluphu yempendulo iqinile. Umfana oqopha ingcina angahamba aye esithandweni futhi abone ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe ukhiqiza ini, futhi lolo lwazi lwazisa umbazi olandelayo. Iphendula izinyathelo ezingazodwa zibe ubuciko obuhlangene.
Ngakho-ke, ukuqopha i-wax yokukhipha i-wax elahlekile. Akusona isandulela somsebenzi wangempela. Umsebenzi wangempela. Kulapho umklamo ushintsha khona usuka ekufinyezweni kwedijithali noma udwebe ube yinto yangempela ebonakalayo. Zonke izinqumo ezenziwa lapha—ukukhethwa kwempahla, indlela yamathuluzi, i-engeli yokusalungiswa, ukujiya kodonga, isango lokungena—sinanela kuyo yonke inqubo, ifinyelela umvuthwandaba ngebhulokhi yensimbi eyingxenye yokunemba noma isifundo esibizayo. Ingcina ayinazimfihlo; kuveza wonke amandla kanye nakho konke ukwehluleka ekwahluleleni. Futhi yilokho okwenza kube isiyalo esikhangayo, esidinga, nesigxeka kakhulu.
