Uma uzwa 'Ishubhu le-Incoloy,' into yokuqala evelayo ngokuvamile ishidi ledatha - isakhiwo se-austenitic, isisekelo se-nickel-iron-chromium, ukumelana ne-oxidation. Kodwa lokho kuyisiqalo nje. Indaba yangempela iqala lapho uzama ukuyigoba, ukuyishisela, noma ukuyiphusha ifike emkhawulweni wayo endaweni yesevisi emuncu. Ngibone amaphrojekthi amaningi kakhulu ekhubeka ngoba aphathe i-spec njengegama lokugcina. Umndeni we-alloy, njengawo I-Incoloy 800H noma Ikholomu 825, ikunikeza uhlaka, kodwa ukuziphatha kweshubhu kunqunywa umlando wayo wonke - kusukela esitolo sokuncibilika kuya ekuphathweni kokushisa kokugcina. Ukuthola lokho kuyiqiniso lapho amashumi eminyaka esipiliyoni sokusungula kanye nemishini, njengalokho okuthola enkampanini efana ne-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), empeleni kubalulekile.
Ama-nuances Okukhiqiza Abukelwa Kakhulu
Ake sikhulume ngenqubo yokulingisa lawa mashubhu, ikakhulukazi okufakwayo okuyinkimbinkimbi noma izigaba ezinodonga oluwugqinsi. Ngokusakazwa kokutshalwa kwezimali, i-QSY ebilokhu ikwenza iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30, ukulawulwa kwesakhiwo sokusanhlamvu kubalulekile ku- I-incoloy tube. Akukhona nje ukuthela inyibiliko. Isikhunta segobolondo, izinga lokushisa langaphambi kokushisa, izinga lokupholisa - ukuchezuka kancane lapha kungethula ukuhlukaniswa okuncane kwezinto ezifana ne-titanium noma i-aluminium emabangeni afana no-800H. Lokhu akubonisi ngaso sonke isikhathi ekuhlolweni kwe-PMI okujwayelekile, kodwa kuzokukhathaza ngesikhathi sesevisi yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, okuholela ekubambeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngikhumbula inqwaba yamaheda amaningi ayelokhu ehluleka ukuhlolwa kwe-hydro kuma-welds; isigebengu salandelelwa emuva ekupholiseni okungaguquki esigabeni sokutshala imali, okwenza amaphuzu okucindezeleka asendaweni akekho owacabanga ukuwahlola.
Bese kuba imishini. Abantu bacabanga ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi i-nickel alloy, uvele uyijikijele i-carbide bese uthemba okungcono kakhulu. Leyo ithrekhi esheshayo eya kumathuluzi awonakele kanye nezindawo eziqinile zomsebenzi. Ukwakheka kwe-chip stringy ye-Incoloy kungaba yiphupho elibi. Udinga ukusethwa okuqinile, ama-engeli amareki avumayo, kanye nesinqumo esinengqondo mayelana nokupholisa - ngezinye izikhathi izikhukhula ezinomfutho ophezulu ziyadingeka, ngezinye izikhathi emisebenzini ethile, ungase usondele ukoma ukuze ugweme izinkinga zokuqaphela. Umgomo uwukufinyelela lokho kuqedwa kwendawo ngaphandle kokushumeka ingcindezi, okuba indawo yokuqala yokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezi kamuva. Kuwumuzwa othuthukayo, hhayi okuthile okuthola kumanuwali.
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kokusakazwa kungenye indawo yemigodi. Isixazululo sokunciphisa ingcindezi sisezingeni, kodwa i-medium nesivinini yikho konke. Ukucisha amanzi? Amafutha? Umoya ophoqelelwe? Kuya ngobuningi besigaba se-tube. Izindonga eziqinile Ikholomu 825 ithubhu elicinywe ngamandla kakhulu lingasonteka noma liqhekeke. Kancane kakhulu, futhi uzibeka engcupheni yemvula ye-carbide emingceleni yokusanhlamvu, ihlule inhloso yayo ngokumelene nokugqwala. Lokhu sikufunde kanzima ngephrojekthi ye-geothermal, lapho amashubhu ehlulekile ukuhlolwa ngemva kwalokho esasicabanga ukuthi i-anneal yezincwadi zokufunda. Umthwalo wesithando somlilo ubuminyene kakhulu, udala amaphrofayili okushisa angalingani. Kwakuyisifundo esibizayo esikalini nasekulawuleni inqubo.
Ukushisela: Lapho Ithiyori Ihlangana Nethoshi
Yilapho irabha ihlangana khona nomgwaqo. Wonke umuntu ukhuluma ngokusebenzisa izinsimbi ezifanayo zokugcwalisa, kodwa ukulungiswa kungu-90% wempi. Okwe- I-incoloy tube, ubuso be-bevel kanye nobubanzi bangaphakathi (ID) kufanele kuhlanzeke ngokungenasici - futhi angiqondile ukukusula. Noma yiziphi izinhlayiya zensimbi ezishumekiwe ezivela ekusetshenzisweni kwangaphambilini noma ekuphathweni (ukugaya uthuli olusuka ku-carbon steel eduzane kuwukungcola kwakudala) kuzodala ukuhlanjululwa kwensimbi ku-weld pool. Lokhu kungehlisa kakhulu ukumelana nokugqwala endaweni yokushisela, kudala i-anode ephelele yokuhlasela kwe-galvanic enkonzweni.
Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kwe-interpass akuxoxiswana ngakho kodwa kuvame ukugadwa ngokukhululeka. Ukuvumela ishubhu lishise kakhulu phakathi kwamaphasi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivinjelwe, kungaholela ekukhuleni okusanhlamvu okweqile endaweni ethinteke ukushisa (HAZ). Le ndawo ibe isixhumanisi esibuthakathaka, i-ductile encane futhi ejwayele ukuqhekeka ngaphansi kokuhamba ngebhayisikili okushisayo. Ngike ngabona abashiseli bezama ukusheshisa ukushisela isokhethi kushubhu ye-Incoloy enobubanzi obuncane, bekushaya indiva ukunqwabelana kokushisa, ukuze nje ukushisela kuqhekeke ngokuzwakalayo ngesikhathi sokupholisa. Kuzwakala 'njenge-ping' encane - umsindo wokusebenza kabusha.
Ukuhlanzwa emuva kungenye inkolelo-ze. Kumashubhu aphethe imidiya ebolayo, ukusekelwa okugcwele kwe-argon kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjelwe i-shugaring (i-oxidation) kubuhlalu be-ID be-weld. Kodwa ivolumu kanye nezinga lokugeleza kubalulekile. Ukucindezela okukhulu kakhulu futhi ushaya nge-root pass yakho; kuncane kakhulu futhi uthola impande enezimbotshana, engcolisiwe. Ezindaweni eziningi zamapayipi, siye sasebenzisa amadamu okuhlanza ancibilikayo, izinkampani ezisebenza ngomshini nokwenza izinto ezifana ne-QSY ezingawajwayele, ukonga igesi nokuqinisekisa ukutholakala. Iqhinga elilula, kodwa ukulikhohlwa kulimaza lonke ubuqotho beshubhu kusukela ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
I-Material Selection Trap
Iphutha elivamile ukushintshela ebangeni elidume kakhulu, njengokuthi I-Incoloy 800H, izicelo zokushisa okuphezulu ngaphandle kokucabangela indawo egcwele. Yebo, inamandla amakhulu nokumelana ne-carburization. Kodwa uma indawo ezungezile inamanani athile esibabule, ungase unikezwe kangcono nge-alloy yokuqukethwe kwe-nickel ephezulu. Amashidi wedatha aklelisa ukuphikiswa okukhulu, kodwa ababulali abathule bawukungcola okuncane ekusakazweni kwenqubo. Ukuhlaziywa kokwehluleka ngangiyingxenye yokulandelwa emuva ekuhlaselweni kwe-sulfidation kumashubhu angu-800H esithandweni sokuguqula; ukuhlaziywa kwesitoko sokuphakelayo bekushintshile kancane, futhi akekho ophinde wahlola ukufaneleka kwezinto.
Bese kuba khona umdlalo wokushintsha oqhutshwa yizindleko. Othile ubona 'i-nickel-based' futhi ucabanga ukuthi i-austenitic engabizi kakhulu ebiza kancane njengoba i-304H ingenza. Kweminye imisebenzi yezinga lokushisa eliphansi lokugqwala, mhlawumbe. Kepha ngokukhathala kweqiniso okushisayo nokumelana nokukhuphuka, i-microstructure ye-Incoloy ihluke ngokuyisisekelo. Izindlela zokuqinisa ezivela kwezengezo ze-aluminium/titanium (emabangeni anzima kakhulu) noma ukuqinisa isisombululo esiqinile kusuka ku-molybdenum nethusi (ku Ikholomu 825) akuzona nje izithasiselo ozikhethela zona. Ziwumkhiqizo. Ukukhetha ishubhu kumayelana nokufanisa ubunikazi bayo be-metallurgical nezindlela zokwehluleka ozama ukuzivimbela.
Yilapho ukusebenzisana nomphakeli oqonda uhambo lwezinto ezibonakalayo kuwukhiye. Inkampani ephethe yonke into kusukela ekubunjweni kwegobolondo lokubunjwa okuluhlaza kuya kumshini wokugcina we-CNC weziphetho zeshubhu nama-flange, njenge-QSY, iyabonakala kulo lonke iketango. Abagcini nje ngokusika ishubhu lesitoko; bayaqonda ukuthi i-casting porosity, uma ikhona, iyithinta kanjani indawo esebenza ngomshini, noma ukuthi ukwelapha okushisa okuvela emshinini kungase kuhlanganyele kanjani nomsebenzi wokushisela okulandelayo. Lokho kubuka okuphelele kuvimbela ukukhombana ngeminwe okuningi kamuva.
Isicelo Somhlaba Wangempela kanye Namaphuzu Okwehluleka
Ezishintshisani zokushisa, amashubhu ayigazi lokuphila. Ngisebenze kumayunithi wegobolondo neshubhu lapho I-incoloy tube inqwaba icaciswe kahle, kodwa inqubo yokushisela i-tube-to-tubesheet yayiwumcabango osemuva. Ukwandiswa komehluko phakathi kweshubhu le-Incoloy kanye neshidi le-carbon steel tubesheet kudala ingcindezi enkulu. Udinga ukulandelana kwe-weld okunemininingwane, ngokuvamile nge-weld enamandla elandelwa i-seal weld, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokuqhuma okukhulayo kweshubhu eshidini ukuze ulawule lokho kugcizelela. Yeqa lezi zinyathelo, futhi uzobona ukuvuza emalungeni phakathi kwemijikelezo embalwa yokuqala yokushisa.
Elinye iphuzu elicashile ukukhathala okubangelwa ukudlidliza. Ama-Inconel alloys avame ukukhethwa kulokhu, kodwa amashubhu e-Incoloy ezindaweni ezinde, ezingasekelwa, yithi, i-heater evuthayo nayo ingahlupheka. Akukhona njalo ku-specs yedizayini ukuhlola ukudlidliza kwe-acoustic noma amaza okudlidliza abangelwa ukugeleza. Saba necala lapho ibhange Ikholomu 825 amashubhu kubhayela wokushisa udoti enze imifantu eduze nezisekelo. Isizathu esiyinhloko kwaba imvamisa ezwakalayo esungulwe ukugeleza kwegesi, okuthile ukuhlaziya ingcindezi okulula okungazange kubambe. Ukulungiswa kwakuhilela ukungeza izisekelo ezimaphakathi ne-span ukuze kushintshwe imvamisa yemvelo - isisombululo esilula semishini sengxenye yensimbi eyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukuhlola umugqa wakho wokugcina wokuzivikela. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Dayi penetrant (PT) kuhle ukuqhekeka kwendawo, kodwa Amashubhu e-ikoloy, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokushisela, ngingumsekeli wokuhlolwa kwamanje kwe-eddy (ECT) yendawo ethinteke ukushisa. Ingathola okudidayo kwendawo engaphansi kanye nokwehluka kwezakhiwo ezibonakalayo i-PT egejayo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic (UT) kuhle kakhulu ekujikeni kodonga kanye nokulimala okubi kakhulu, kodwa ukukumisa ngendlela efanele ukwakheka okusanhlamvu okumahhadla kwengxenye ye-Incoloy ekhonjiwe noma eshiselwe kudinga amabhulokhi okulinganisa athile enziwe ngezinto ezifanayo. Ukusebenzisa ibhulokhi yensimbi ejwayelekile kukunikeza ukufundwa okungathembekile. Yilezi zici ezihlukanisa i-QA efanele emsebenzini wokwenza amaphepha.
Imicabango Ephethayo: Kuyinqubo, Hhayi Umkhiqizo
Ngakho-ke, lapho uthola noma ucacisa i I-incoloy tube, awuthengi nje ubude bengxubevange ekwazi ukumelana nokugqwala. Uthenga ubuqotho bayo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza oyikhiqizile. Umkhuba wokuncibilikisa, imingcele yokuphonsa, ijika lokwelapha ukushisa, isu lomshini, kanye nenqubo yokushisela konke kubhakwa ekusebenzeni kokugcina. Awukwazi ukuhlola ikhwalithi ube ishubhu engazange yenziwe kahle kusukela ekuqaleni.
Yingakho isizinda somphakeli sisho. Inkampani enezimpande ezijulile ekulingeni nasekwenzeni imishini, njenge-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., iletha lowo mcabango ogxile enqubweni. Kungenzeka ukuthi bahlangabezane ne-warping ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa, ukuguga kwethuluzi ngesikhathi somshini, kanye nezinselele zokufaneleka ngesikhathi sokwenziwa. Lokho okuhlangenwe nakho kuhumushela kumkhiqizo onokwethenjelwa kakhulu ngoba baqonda okuguquguqukayo. Ungathola indlela yabo yokusebenza ngama-alloys akhethekile njengalawa esizeni sabo, https://www.tsingtaocnc.com.
Ekugcineni, i-spec sheet ikungenisa ku-ballpark. Kodwa ukugcina ishubhu yakho ye-Incoloy isebenza ngokuthembekile amashumi eminyaka kwehla olwazini olubi, olusebenza ngezandla lwendlela impahla eziphatha ngayo lapho ingekho esimweni esiphelele, sesimo selebhu. Kumayelana nokulindela izinkinga ezingekho encwajaneni. Lowo umehluko phakathi kweshubhu elihlangabezana nekhodi neshubhu elihlala njalo.
