Lapho abantu abaningi bezwa 'izingxenye zensimbi,' bafanekisela izigaxa ezinzima, eziphukayo, ezivame ukugqwala. Lowo umbono oyiphutha omkhulu. Eqinisweni, izinqubo zesimanje zokusungula kanye nemishini ziguqule insimbi ekhonjiwe yaba into enembayo nokwethembeka okumangalisayo. Ukhiye akukhona nje ukulingisa; iwuhambo lonke ukusuka ekubunjweni kuya engxenyeni eqediwe, eyenziwe ngomshini. Ngibone amaphrojekthi amaningi kakhulu ehluleka ngenxa yokuthi othile uthole ukusakaza okushibhile ngaphandle kokuqonda indima ebalulekile yamazinga okupholisa alawulwayo, ingxubevange efanele, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukwenziwa kwemishini yangemva kokusakazwa. Umsebenzi wokuqeda ovula amandla wangempela wento esebenzayo—ukudlikizela kwayo, ukumelana nokuguga, ukuzinza kwayo. Ake sikhulume ngokuthi leyo nqubo ibukeka kanjani ngempela phansi.
Isisekelo: Iqala (Futhi Ingaphela) Ngesikhunta
Awukwazi ukukhipha ukusakaza okubi ngomshini. Nokho, ungazama, kodwa uzoshisa ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi nesabelomali. Ukukhethwa kwenqubo yesikhunta kunquma konke. Ezingxenyeni eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezinodonga oluncane emabangeni aphezulu e-ductile iron, cishe sihlala sincike kuzo ukubunjwa kwegobolondo. Ukunemba kohlangothi okuvela esihlabathini esimbozwe inhlaka kuphakeme kunesihlabathi esiluhlaza esivamile, okunikeza ochwepheshe bemishini ye-CNC ithuba lokulwa. Ingaphezulu eliphuma esikhunjeni lihlanzekile, okunciphisa enye yezindleko ezinkulu ezifihliwe: ukuhlanza kwangaphambili komshini. Ngikhumbula iqoqo lezindlu zamaphampu lapho iklayenti laligcizelela ukukhetha okushibhile kwesihlabathi esiluhlaza. I-flash yomugqa wokuhlukanisa yayinzima kakhulu futhi ingajwayelekile kangangokuthi kuthathe cishe u-30% isikhathi eside ukulungisa nokubhekana nengxenye ngayinye ngaphambi kokuthi siqale ngisho nokusebenza kwemishini yangempela. Lokho kongiwa kwashabalala ngaso leso sikhathi.
Kumajometri ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu—cabanga ngamashaneli angaphakathi, ama-undercuts, noma izici ongeke ukwazi ukuzisebenzisa—ukutshala imali kuyindlela yokuya, ngisho nezinsimbi ezithile ezihlanganisiwe. Inqubo yephethini ye-wax ivumela lokho kuyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa nansi into yokubamba ngensimbi: izinga lokushisa elithelayo kanye nokuncipha. Uma isistimu yokugenca nesikhuphukeli ingadizayinwa othile oqonda ukuziphatha okuqondile kwe-iron, uzothola ukushwabana kwe-porosity odongeni olubucayi. Leyo ngxenye yizicucu. Alikho inani lomshini elizolungisa isikhala ngaphakathi kwe-flange ephethe umthwalo. Kuyisifundo esitholwe esifanekisweni esihlulekile somzimba wamavalvu osebenza ngogesi eminyakeni edlule.
Yilapho okwenziwa yi-Foundry kungaxoxiswana khona. Inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), namashumi eminyaka abo ekulingiseni, ikuqonda kahle lokhu. Umsebenzi wabo wesikhathi eside uphakamisa ukuthi bazulazule lezi zihibe eziqondene nezinto ezibonakalayo ezinkulungwaneni zamaqoqo. Abamane benze isikhunta; baphatha i-metallurgy. Ngoba izingxenye zensimbi, lokho kusho ukulawula okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni nendlela edingekayo—i-flake graphite ukuze idambise, i-nodular graphite ukuze ibe namandla. Ukwenza lokho kungalungile esigabeni sokuncibilika kwenza ingxenye ingabi nalusizo emsebenzini ohlosiwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi muhle kangakanani umsebenzi we-CNC kamuva.
Imishini: Lapho Ingxenye Ivela Khona Ngempela
Umhlaba wami lona. Ukulingisa okuluhlaza kuyafika, futhi kuseyili engenalutho enamabhomu agqitshwayo afihliwe. Isinyathelo sokuqala sivame ukukhulula ukucindezeleka. Ukulingisa kunokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi. Uma umshini wohlangothi olulodwa uyisicaba futhi unzima, ukhulula lezo zingcindezi futhi ingxenye ingajika ubusuku bonke. Sifunde ukwakha ngomjikelezo oshisayo wezingxenye ezinemba okuphezulu njengalezo zokuxhumanisa izisekelo zomshini wokulinganisa. Yeqa, futhi ukubekezelelana kwe-flatness kuphelile.
Bese kufika fixturing. Ukulingisa akufani. Awunayo i-billet enhle, egayiwe okufanele uyibambe. Kufanele uthole izici ze-datum kwesinye isikhathi ezingahambisani nesikhunta. Sisebenzisa imihlathi ethambile eyenziwe ngomshini ukuya kukhonkolo yendawo ethile yokusakaza njenge-cast. Kuwukusetha okudla isikhathi, kodwa kuwukuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusika kwakho okubucayi kukhonjiswa ngendlela efanele kujometri yengxenye yemvelo. Uma idatha yakho ivaliwe ngohhafu wemilimitha lapha, lelo phutha lisakazeka kukho konke ukusebenza okulandelayo.
Ukuzisika ngokwako kuwumdanso onama-abrasiveness. I-graphite eku-iron iyi-lubricant, kodwa yonke impahla inzima kumathuluzi. Ukufakwa kwe-carbide okunoqweqwe olufanele kanye nokusetha okuqinile kuyadingeka. Isipholile asibalulekile nje ekupholiseni, kodwa nasekususeni ama-micro-chips abrasive akwazi ukusika kabusha okufakiwe noma ingxenye engaphezulu. Umgomo i-chip ehlanzekile, eqhubekayo. Uma uthola uthuli noma ama-chips ahlukene, ubulala ithuluzi lakho futhi wenza umsebenzi ube lukhuni, okwenza ukudlula okulandelayo kube nzima nakakhulu. Ukuze uthole amaphasi okuqeda endaweni yokuvala yengxenye ye-ductile iron compressor, lokhu yikho konke. Ubuqotho obungaphezulu bubaluleke njengobukhulu.
I-Material Matrix: Akuyona Yonke I-Iron Empunga futhi I-Chunky
Ukucacisa insimbi kufana nokucacisa insimbi—akusho lutho. I-iron empunga (i-iron empunga) ilungele ukumanzisa futhi kulula ukuyifaka ngomshini. I-Ductile iron (i-Nodular iron) inamandla aqinile asondelayo, asetshenziselwa ama-crankshafts nezinto ezicindezela kakhulu. Bese uba nezinsimbi ezihlanganisiwe ezingavamile, njenge-Ni-Resist yokumelana nokugqwala. Imishini ngayinye ihlukile.
Sasebenza emsebenzini odinga izingxenye zesistimu yokukhipha umoya oshisa kakhulu. I-spec ibize i-nickel-chromium alloyed ductile iron. Imingcele yemishini evela ezinhlelweni zethu ezijwayelekile ze-ductile iron yayicishiwe ngokuphelele. Umsebenzi-zinzima ngokushesha okukhulu. Bekudingeka sehlise isivinini, sinyuse okuphakelayo kancane ukuze singene ngaphansi kongqimba oluqinile lomsebenzi, futhi sisebenzise i-geometry yokufaka enolaka. Bekuyisivivinyo nephutha ezincekwini ezimbalwa zokuqala, ukudla okufakwe eqolo ngaphambi kokuthi sikushayele. Yilapho uchwepheshe bezinto ezibonakalayo bubalulekile khona. Uma isisekelo sabo singakwazi ukusingatha ama-alloys akhethekile njengalezo ezisekelwe ku-nickel noma ezisekelwe ku-cobalt, njengoba ububanzi be-QSY kuphakamisa, ukuhlukaniswa kwabo kwemishini kungenzeka kube nedatha yamandla yokuphatha okuhambisanayo. izingxenye zensimbi eyenziwe ngalezo zingxubevange. Lokho kuqhubekela phambili ukusuka ekuncibilikeni kuye kogayo kuyinzuzo enkulu.
Ukuxuba izinto kungenye into engokoqobo. Kuvamile ukuba nendlu yensimbi ewukhonkolo edinga ukuxhumana namashafu ensimbi engagqwali noma kucindezelwe ama-bronze bushings. Ama-coefficients okunweba okushisayo ayahluka. Ukulingana kokucindezela okubalelwa i-steel-on-steel kungase kuxege kakhulu noma kuqine ngokuyingozi ku-ayoni-on-bronze. Sake saba nesiphazamiso esisebenza kahle ku-20°C kodwa sabamba siqinile lapho umhlangano ufinyelela izinga lokushisa lokusebenza ngoba sikushaye indiva lokhu. Manje, isheke elijwayelekile ekubuyekezweni komdwebo.
Ikhwalithi: Imininingwane Ye-Gritty Ongeke Uyizibe
Ukuhlola okubonakalayo kubamba imifantu esobala noma ukuvala okubandayo. Kodwa izinsongo zangempela zingaphansi komhlaba. Sisebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic ezingxenyeni ezibucayi ukuze sithole ukuncipha noma ukuqina kwegesi. Ukuhlolwa kwezinhlayiyana kazibuthe kuyindinganiso yokuqhekeka komhlaba ezintweni ezisansimbi njenge izingxenye zensimbi. Lokhu akuyona into yokuzikhethela ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zokuphepha. Iklayenti lake lasicela ukuthi seqe i-NDT ukuze songe izindleko nesikhathi eqoqweni labakaki be-brake caliper. Senqaba. Isikweletu asikufanele. Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, ingxenye yabaqhudelana nayo yahluleka ekufakweni kwesihlabathi esingabonwanga, futhi icala eliholele labangela ukuba balahlekelwe yimali. Inkani yethu yokuqala yasisindisa.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Dimensional post-machining kungenye isendlalelo. I-CMM ilungile, kodwa ngokukhiqizwa kwevolumu ephezulu, ama-gauge asebenzayo aklanyelwe ukubekezelela okubalulekile ayashesha. Inselele ngokulingisa ukuthi awubheki nje izici zomshini; futhi uqinisekisa ukuthi izici ezifakiwe (ongazange uzifake) zingaphakathi kokubekezelela imvilophu yomdwebo. Kwesinye isikhathi, isici esisebenza ngomshini senziwa singabi namsebenzi ngoba umphathi okhwezwayo ongekho ngomshini akayindawo.
Ekugcineni, ukwelashwa kwangaphandle. Izingxenye eziningi zensimbi ezisansimbi zithola i-phosphating noma i-black oxide coating yokumelana nokugqwala. Inqubo yemishini ithinta lokhu. Uma ushiya indawo ecindezeleke kakhulu, eqinile yokusebenza kusuka kumishini enolaka, ukunamathela kokunamathela kungahluleka. Iphasi yokuqedela idinga ukushiya indawo ehlanzekile, encishisiwe yokucindezeleka. Kuyinqubo ephelele lapho isinyathelo ngasinye sazisa okulandelayo.
Umhlinzeki Ohlanganisiwe: Kungani Inqubo Egcwele Ibalulekile
Lokhu kungiletha ekuphawuleni okungokoqobo. Amaphrojekthi angenazihibe kakhulu engiwaphethe bekungabahlinzeki abalawula kokubili ukulingisa kanye ne CNC imishini. Uma i-Foundry nesitolo somshini kungaphansi kophahla olulodwa, noma okungenani kusebenzisana okuqinile njengomkhiqizi ohlanganisiwe, izinkinga zixazululwa ngokushesha. Ochwepheshe bemishini bangakwazi ukuphinda babuyele ku-Foundry: Lo mugqa wokuhlukanisa ubangela izinkinga zokulungisa, noma Singangeza iphedi lomshini kule ndawo ukuze uthole i-datum engcono? I-Foundry ingalungisa ukwakheka kwesikhunta noma isango lenqwaba elandelayo.
Ukubheka iphrofayili yenkampani efana QSY's, umnikelo wabo kokubili ukubunjwa kwegobolondo, ukutshala imali, futhi igcwele CNC imishini ngaphansi kwebhizinisi elilodwa kubalulekile. Ukuze unjiniyela athole umzimba we-valve yensimbi eyi-ductile, kusho iphuzu elilodwa lomthwalo wemfanelo. Ithimba labasunguli liyazi ukuthi ingxenye izokwenziwa ngomshini, ngakho-ke bangase bashiye isitoko esengeziwe endaweni ekhohlisayo. Ithimba lemishini linokufinyelela okuqondile kubafana abenze ukulingisa uma bethola ukungqubuzana. Le mpendulo ye-close-loop ibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni okuqhubekayo, futhi, ngokungananazi, ekuvimbeleni izinhlekelele. Ishintsha okwenziwayo kube ukubambisana.
Ekugcineni, okuthembekile izingxenye zensimbi akuyona impahla. Zingumkhiqizo wezinqumo ezihlukene, ezinolwazi oluningi kusuka ekukhethweni kwengxubevange kuya ekwakhiweni kwesikhunta kuya kumasu okwenza imishini. Umehluko phakathi kwengxenye ehlulekayo ensimini naleyo ehlala amashumi eminyaka ngokuvamile ufihlwa kule mininingwane engcolile, ephansi yesitolo engalokothi ifinyelele ebhukwana elicwebezelayo. Imayelana nokuhlonipha uhlamvu lwezinto ezibonakalayo nokuphatha lonke uhambo lwayo, hhayi nje ukuthenga ingxenye yensimbi bese uyisika.
