Lapho abantu abaningi bezwa 'ukubunjwa kwesihlabathi se-iron ductile', babona ngeso lengqondo inqubo eqondile, cishe yakudala: ncibilikisa insimbi, uyithele esikhunjeni sesihlabathi, uyihlephule, bese uqedile. Lowo umbono oyiphutha omkhulu. Iqiniso liwukuxoxisana okuqhubekayo phakathi kwe-chemistry, physics, kanye nezomnotho. Ingxenye 'ye-ductile'-ukufeza leso sakhiwo se-spheroidal graphite-isenzo socingo oluphezulu esiqala isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba insimbi ifinyelele ngisho ne-ladle. Ngibone amaphrojekthi amaningi kakhulu ekhubeka ngokuphatha isistimu yesihlabathi njengesiqukathi esinganyakazi esikhundleni sokubambambiqhaza osebenzayo ekugcineni ingxenye yokugcina yobuqotho.
Isisekelo Siyikho Konke: Isihlabathi Akusona Nje Isihlabathi
Ungaba nokuncibilika okuphelele, ukwenza ama-nodular okuphelele, kodwa uma uhlelo lwakho lwesihlabathi luvaliwe, ulahlekile. Akukhona mayelana nokusebenzisa noma yisiphi isihlabathi se-silica. Inombolo yezinhlamvu zezinhlamvu ze-AFS, okuqukethwe kobumba (bentonite), izinga lokuswakama—lezi akuzona nje izinombolo eshidini. Zinquma ikhono lesisikhunta lokukhipha amagesi, ukumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo okushisayo kwe-iron engu-1400°C+, futhi zinikeze isiphetho esingaphezulu esinciphisa isikhathi sokuhlanza. Lokhu sikufunde kanzima eqoqweni lemizimba yama-valve eminyakeni edlule. Isihlabathi sasicolekile futhi sipakishwe kanzima kakhulu. Umphumela wawungelona iphutha elibonakalayo elifana ne-blowhole, kodwa inethiwekhi yama-micro-cold shuts ezindaweni ezithwala ingcindezi ezivele ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-hydro-test. Ukulahlekelwa okuphelele. Yilapho uyeka khona ukubona isihlabathi njengokungcola bese uqala ukusibona njengento eqondile.
Yilapho okuhlangenwe nakho okuvela kumsunguli njenge-QSY (Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.) kubonisa khona ukubaluleka kwayo. Ukusebenzisa i-Foundry iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30, uthuthukisa ukuzwa kwesihlabathi. Uyazi ukuthi umswakama ngosuku lwemvula e-Qingdao uzolahla kanjani umswakama wakho ohlosiwe, noma ukuthi ukusebenzisa kabusha isihlabathi izikhathi eziningi ngaphandle kokulungiswa kabusha kwe-plasticity kuwuntshontsha kanjani ipulasitiki yobumba. Ukusebenza kwabo kwesikhathi eside ezindleleni ezihlukene zokuphonsa kusho ukuthi bayaqonda ukuthi ukulawulwa kwesihlabathi kwe-iron ductile akufani nokwensimbi empunga—amandla okupholisa ahlukile, insimbi iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile.
Idizayini yesistimu yokungena ethelwa kuleso sihlabathi ingenye isiqephu esibucayi, esivame ukulinganiswa kancane. Ngensimbi ene-ductile, ubhekene nensimbi enendawo ehlukile yokunamathisela ngesikhathi sokuqina. Udinga ukondla ukushwabana ngendlela efanele, kodwa amasango nezikhuphukeli kufanele zakhelwe ukunciphisa isiyaluyalu. Ukugeleza kwesiphithiphithi kukhuthaza ukwakheka kwemfucumfucu—i-magnesium silicate inclusions ebhidliza amandla okusebenza namandla okukhathala. Ngihlala ngichitha isikhathi esingalingani ekuhlelweni kwesango; ishibhile ukulungisa emdwebeni kunokuhlunga egcekeni eligcwele ukulingwa okuqhekekile.
Umdanso WeMagnesium: Ukufeza I-Ductility Yangempela
Lona umnyombo wenqubo. Ukuthatha i-ayoni eyisisekelo enamazinga e-sulphur nomoya-mpilo olawulwa ngokucophelela nokujova lelo shot elinembayo le-magnesium. Kancane kakhulu, uthola i-flake graphite, ilahlekelwa yi-ductility. Kakhulu, uthola imvula ye-carbide, okwenza ingxenye ibe brittle futhi ingenakulinganiswa. Indlela ibalulekile - ikhava ye-tundish, isangweji, ukugeleza. Ngayinye inesivuno sayo kanye nokuvumelana. Ngikhetha indlela yesemishi yezingxenye ezisindayo; inikeza ukusabela okubikezelwayo, nokunensa. Awungezi nje into; uphethe ukusabela kwe-exothermic okunodlame okushintsha lonke uhlamvu lokuqiniswa kwensimbi.
I-post-inoculation yisinyathelo sokulandelela ongeke ukwazi ukweqa. Ukwelashwa kwe-magnesium kuyafiphala. Uma ulinda isikhathi eside kakhulu ukuze uthele, ama-nodule e-graphite aqala ukonakala. Ukwengeza i-inoculant sekwephuzile njenge-ferrosilicon ngaphambi nje kokuthela kudala amasayithi amasha e-nucleation, okuqinisekisa ukubala kwamaqhuqhuva aphezulu kanye neyunifomu, i-matrix enhle. Ngilandelele izici zomshini ngokumelene nesikhathi phakathi kokwelashwa nokuthululwa. Ukwehliswa ngemva kwewindi elithile kuqinile. Iphoqa isigqi phansi esitolo esibukeka sinesiphithiphithi kodwa empeleni okuyi-ballet enesikhathi esiqinile.
Ukukhuluma ngezakhiwo, ukuheha kwe i-ductile iron sand cast uhla ongaluthola. Ungaphokophela i-EN-GJS-400-18 ukuze uthole ukuphakama okuphezulu, noma uphushele ku-GJS-700-2 ukuze uthole amandla. Kodwa awukutholi lokho ngokushintsha nje iresiphi esithandweni somlilo. Kuyinhlanganisela yekhemistri, izinga lokupholisa elishiwo yisikhunta sesihlabathi (izingxenye eziwugqinsi zipholile kancane, ezithinta usayizi wamaqhuqhuva kanye ne-matrix), futhi ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa kokushisa okulandelayo. Ukuhlanganisa ukuze kufakwe umquba, ukucisha kanye nokufudumeza kwesakhiwo se-pearlitic noma i-martensitic—ukubunjwa kwesihlabathi kuyisinyathelo sokuqala ohambweni olude oluya ku-spec yokugcina.
Lapho Ilingana Nalapho Ingangeni khona
I-Ductile iron sand casting akuyona impendulo kuzo zonke izingxenye. Ngokuxakaxaka okuphezulu, izingxenye zodonga oluncane ezinokubekezelelana kobude obuhlanyayo, ukufakwa kwe-investimenti noma ukubumba amagobolondo kungaba ngcono. Kodwa kulokho ekwenza kahle, akwehlulwa ezindlekweni zezingxenye eziphakathi nendawo ezinkulu. Cabanga ngezindlu zamaphampu, amakesi ebhokisi lamagiya esindayo, ama-hydraulic manifolds amakhulu, noma izisekelo zamathuluzi omshini. Amandla osayizi ophelele kanye nezindleko eziphansi zamathuluzi zokubumba isihlabathi (ikakhulukazi kokuphuma okukodwa noma ivolumu ephansi) kukwenza kube uhambo. Inkampani efana ne-QSY, enikeza kokubili isikhunta segobolondo nokusakazwa kwesihlabathi, isesimweni esihle sokweluleka ngalokhu. Bangabheka umdwebo bese besho ngobuqotho ukuthi, Kulokhu kubakaki, ukubunjwa kwesihlabathi kuyaqina, masisebenzise isikhunta segobolondo, noma Le ndlu kaphepheni idinga ukulawulwa kwesisindo esishisayo kuphela isikhunta sesihlabathi esiklanywe kahle esinganikeza.
Isibonelelo semishini siyisici esibalulekile somnotho. Izindawo zokubunjwa kwesihlabathi zimaholoholo. Kufanele ushiye isitoko esiningi ukuze imishini ye-CNC ihlanzeke. Lokho kumosha isikhathi sensimbi nesokwenza imishini. Inqubo yesihlabathi eklanywe kahle ene-zirconia noma isihlabathi esibheke i-chromite ezindaweni ezibucayi ingathuthukisa ukuqedwa kwendawo ngokuphawulekayo, inciphise leyo mvume. Kubalwa kwezindleko-inzuzo. Kundawo yangaphakathi engabalulekile, ukuvunyelwa okungu-3-5mm kulungile. Ukuze uthole isihlalo esithwalayo, usifuna siqine ngangokunokwenzeka, mhlawumbe u-1.5-2mm, okudinga ikhwalithi yesikhunta esihle kakhulu.
Ikhanda elibuhlungu emhlabeni wangempela? Ukwehluka kwe-Dimensional. Isikhunta sesihlabathi singahlanekezela ngesikhathi sokuthululwa, noma iphethini igqoke. Ngokwengxenye eyinkimbinkimbi, ukubamba ukubekezelelana okuqinile phakathi kwenqwaba enkulu kuyinselele. Ngokuvamile kufanele wakhe isinxephezelo ibe iphethini-ubuciko ngokwayo. Sake saba nenkinga ephindaphindayo ngokuhlukana kwesikhala kuhlaka lwe-compressor. Iphethini yayiphelele, kodwa ukulingwa kwakususwe ngesigamu semilimitha. Umlandu? Ukuminyana kwesihlabathi okuzungeze amaphrinti amaphakathi kwakungefani, okuvumela ama-cores asindayo ukuthi anyakaze kancane ngesikhathi sokuthululwa. Ukulungiswa kwakuwukuklama kabusha okulula kwejiyomethri yokuphrinta ukuze kukhiye endaweni engcono. Kulula uma ubheka emuva, isonto lomsebenzi wabaseshi ngaleso sikhathi.
Ukudidiyelwa: Kusukela ekulingiseni kuye Engxenyeni Eqediwe
Leli iqiniso lesimanje. Kuyaqabukela enze a i-ductile iron sand cast thumela njenge-cast. Idinga imishini. Ukuba ne-casting kanye nokwenza imishini ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, njengoba i-QSY yenza nge-CNC machining division, kuqeda intaba yezingxabano zezokuthutha kanye nekhwalithi. Omashini nabaqambi bayakwazi ukukhuluma. Uma ochwepheshe bemishini behlala bephula amathuluzi eqoqweni elithile, bangaphindela emuva baye endaweni yokusungula futhi bathi, Ukuqina akuhambisani, noma Kukhona isikhumba esibandayo lapha. I-Foundry ingakwazi ukulungisa i-inoculant noma izinga lokushisa lokuthulula.
Izinto ezibonakalayo nazo zibalulekile. Nakuba i-iron ductile iron ejwayelekile (efana no-450-10) iyihhashi lokusebenza, ngezinye izikhathi udinga i-ainitic ductile iron ukuze ukwazi ukumelana nokugqoka, noma i-silicon-solution-eqiniswe ngesevisi yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Inqubo yesihlabathi iyavumelana nezimo, kodwa isango nokukhuphuka kufanele kucatshangelwe kabusha kulawa ma-alloys ngokuziphatha okuhlukile kokushwabana. Ukukhuluma kwe-QSY ngokusebenza ngama-alloys akhethekile afana nalawo asekelwe ku-nickel kuyasitshela—kukhombisa amandla okuphatha ukuncibilika okucolekile okungase kudingeke ekugqwaleni noma izinguqulo ezimelana nokushisa zezingxenye zensimbi edonsa amanzi.
Ekugcineni, kuphumelele i-ductile iron sand cast imayelana nokubona lonke iketango. Akulona uchungechunge lwezinyathelo ezihlukene kodwa iluphu. Impendulo yomshini yazisa inqubo yokusakaza. Ikhwalithi yokuphonsa ibeka isivuno somshini. Kuyinqubo eqinile, esebenza ngezandla lapho ithiyori ihlangabezana neqiniso lendawo eshisayo, enomsindo. Ubuhle bayo kusekudaleni ingxenye yensimbi eqinile, enokwethenjelwa eyakha umgogodla ofihlekile wemishini eminingi, kusetshenziswa enye yezindlela zokwakha zakudala nezivumelana nezimo esinazo. Uyayihlonipha inqubo, futhi izokhiqiza izingxenye ezihlala amashumi eminyaka.
