Uzwa 'ukwenza ngokunemba ngokwezifiso' futhi izingqondo eziningi zigxuma ziqonde ekubekezeleni okuqinile namamodeli e-CAD acwebezelayo. Leyo yingxenye yakho, impela, kodwa yingxenye elula. Indaba yangempela iqala lapho imodeli ifika esitezi sesitolo futhi ugqolozele i-Inconel noma ukulingisa okungalungile okungahambisani nhlobo nokuphrintiwe. Lelo gebe phakathi komhlaba ophelele wedijithali kanye nengokoqobo, kwesinye isikhathi enenkani, engokoqobo yensimbi—yilapho ubuciko bangempela buhlala khona. Akukhona nje ngokulandela imiyalelo; kumayelana nokuzitolika, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuphikisana nazo ukuze wenze ingxenye esebenza ngempela.
Isisekelo: Siqala Ngendaba
Awukwazi ukukhuluma ngokunemba ngaphandle kokuthi uqale ukhulume ngalokho okusikayo. Ngibone amaphrojekthi amaningi kakhulu ekhubeka ngaphandle kwesango ngoba i-spec yempahla ithathwe njengombhalo waphansi. Thatha inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY)-Sekungamashumi eminyaka ekulingisa nokwenza imishini. Uma bekhuluma ngokusebenza ngama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel noma e-cobalt, lokho akulona nje uhlu lwewebhusayithi. Lokho kuwuphawu lokubhekana nezinto ezinzima. Ukukhanda ubakaki wensimbi engenasici kuyinto eyodwa; ukubhekana nokusakazwa kwe-investimenti eyinkimbinkimbi, enezindonga ezincane e-Hastelloy endaweni eyonakalisayo isilwane esihluke ngokuphelele. Isu lomshini lalokho kufanele lihloniphe ukuthambekela kokusebenza kokusebenza kanzima, ukuzwela kwayo ukushisa, imvelo yayo yokugwaza. Ukhetha amathuluzi akho, okuphakelayo kwakho nesivinini, ngisho nengcindezi yakho yokupholisa, ngokusekelwe kulokho kukhetha kokuqala okuyisisekelo kwengxubevange. Yenza lokho okungalungile, futhi akukho inani ukunemba ngokwezifiso machining wizardry izokusindisa.
Yilapho ukuhlanganiswa kwezinqubo ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, njengaku-QSY, kubonisa inani lakhona. Baphatha isikhunta segobolondo nokusakazwa kokutshalwa kwezimali, bese beya ngqo kumishini ye-CNC. Lokho kuqhubeka kubalulekile. Umakhi akatholi ibhokisi elimnyama elingaqondakali kumnikezeli; cishe bayazi ukuthi lelo qoqo lezinto ezithile lathelwa, lapholiswa kanjani, nokuthi kungenzeka kube yini izingcindezi zangaphakathi. Lolo lwazi olujulile lwazisa ukusethwa kokuqala, ukusikeka kokuqala, okusiza ukugwema izimanga ezifana nokuhlanekezela lapho ekugcineni ukhulula ingxenye kulungiselelo. Iphendula iphuzu elingase lehluleke—i-handoff phakathi kokulingisa nokwenza imishini—kube ukuguquguquka okulawulwayo.
Ngikhumbula umsebenzi wendlu yezinzwa ku-17-4 PH engenabala, ecaciswe kusimo se-H1150. Ukuphrinta kubize uchungechunge lwezimbobo ezijulile ezinobubanzi obuncane. Izinto ezibonakalayo zaziqinile, futhi ukuhamba ngezinyawo kwakukhathaza ngempela. Kwadingeka sidlulele ngale kokuprakthiza okujwayelekile kwe-carbide. Sigcine sisebenzisa umshini wokubhola we-carbide owenziwe ngokwezifiso onejiyomethri ethile ye-parabolic flute ukuze kukhishwe i-chip engcono kanye ne-engeli yephoyinti elungisiwe. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, kwakuyinqubo yokubhoboza izitebhisi ngemijikelezo yokucofa njalo kanye nokupholisa okunomfutho ophezulu oqondiswe khona lapho. 'Ukunemba' kwakungekhona nje ukushaya ukubekezelelana kwendawo; bekungukuklama yonke inqubo yokuvimbela ithuluzi ukuthi lingaphambuki kwasekuqaleni. Leso yisixazululo esiqondene nezinto ezithile ongeke usithole ebhukwini ejwayelekile.
Okwenziwa Ngokwezifiso Enqubweni
Ukwenza ngokwezifiso akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuhlanya ngokwejometri. Kwesinye isikhathi, umsebenzi wangokwezifiso ojule kakhulu awubonakali. Kusemsebenzini. Sake saba neklayenti elake ladinga umshini wokusakazwa kwe-iron ductile iron enkulu, enomumo ongajwayelekile. Konke ukulingisa, njengokulingisa, kwakunokuhluka okuncane. I-vise evamile noma ngisho nepuleti elizinikezele lingaba yiphupho elibi ngesikhathi sokusetha nokuvumelana. Isixazululo kwakuwukulungiswa kwe-modular eyakhiwe ngezinto ezilungisekayo, eziqinile kanye nemihlathi ethambile yangokwezifiso esiyenze ngomshini endlini ukuze ibambe i-contour yengxenye njenge-cast. Sibe sesiphenya ukulingisa ngakunye ukuze sithole indawo yayo yedatha futhi silungise izitholi ngokufanele ngaphambi kokuyikhiya. Uhlelo lwe-CNC bekufanele lubhalwe ukuze kubhekiselwe kulawa madatha alungisekayo. Ingxenye ngokwayo yayilula—izigayo zobuso ezimbalwa, zinezimbobo ezimbalwa. Kodwa inqubo yokuyibamba ngokuphepha nangokuphindaphindiwe izingcezu ezingamashumi amahlanu yayiphelele ukunemba ngokwezifiso machining iphrojekthi ngokwayo. Yengeze izindleko ngaphambili, kodwa yonga imali eshisiwe ngesikhathi se-scrap nesikhathi sokusetha.
Lena enye indawo lapho inhlanganisela ye-Foundry-machining ikhanya khona. Isitolo esenza umsebenzi womshini kuphela singabheka lokho kusakaza bese sibona inkinga okufanele ilungiswe. Isitolo esifana ne-QSY, esiphinde sikhiqize ukulingisa, kungenzeka siklame iphedi elincane lomhlatshelo noma isici esingaguquki sokuthola iphethini yokusakaza kusukela ekuqaleni, okwenza impilo yomashini ibe lula kakhulu. Lokho kubambisana okukhuphuka nomfula / phansi komfula kuwumgogodla wokwenza ngokwezifiso kwangempela.
Bese kuba nohlangothi lwesoftware. Ukwenza ama-axis amahlanu ngesikhathi esisodwa kuthola yonke inkazimulo, kodwa ezingxenyeni eziningi zangokwezifiso, ukuma kwe-eksisi engu-3+2 kuwumsebenzi onzima. Ukuhlela lokhu kudinga isimo sengqondo esibona ngeso lengqondo ingxenye esikhaleni se-3D, ihlukanise ibe amasethi ezici ezingaqedelwa ngokuthi i-spindle ikhiywe ngokutsheka okuthile nokuzungezisa. Umhleli akagcini nje ngokunikeza izindlela zamathuluzi; bahlela uhambo lwengxenye ngomshini, banciphisa ukulungisa kabusha, futhi baqinisekise ukusethwa okuqinile okungaba khona kokusebenza ngakunye. Ukubalwa kabi lapha kungaholela ekungqubuzaneni kwethuluzi ne-fixture noma indawo engeyinhle ngenxa yokuthi usika ngesihloko somshini wokugaya esikhundleni sohlangothi lwalo. Ngenze lelo phutha—ngazama ukuhlakanipha kakhulu nge-engeli futhi ngagcina nginengxenye elahliwe ngoba imvume yesiphathi samathuluzi ayizange ilingiswe ngokugcwele. Bekuyisikhumbuzo esithobisayo ukuthi imvilophu ebonakalayo yomshini ibaluleke njengengxenye yejometri.
Ukunemba: Isikhathi Esihlobene
±0.001 amayintshi i-callout evamile. Kodwa ukunemba kunomongo. Ukubamba lokho kubhulokhi ye-aluminium engu-2 intshi kuyinkokhelo evamile. Ukuyibamba ngobubanzi obungu-20-intshi, igiya lensimbi lensimbi elifakwe ngemuva kokushisa kungenye indaba. Ukukhula okushisayo, ukucindezela kwamathuluzi, ukuchezuka komshini—konke kuyakhula. Kufanele uvumele umshini nengxenye kuxazulule. Kwesinye isikhathi lokho kusho ukwenza udlame, bese uhamba ihora, bese ubuya ukuze uthole iphasi elincane lokuqedela. Ishejuli ingase izonde, kodwa ingxenye yekhwalithi ifuna lokho.
Lokhu ngakufunda kabuhlungu kusenesikhathi nginezindlu ezinkulu ezithwalayo. Sayilungisa kahle ngomshini, sayilinganisa kahle egumbini lokuhlola elilawulwa isimo sezulu, sase siyisayina. Ngemva kwesonto, iklayenti lashaya ucingo—yayiphelile. Kwenzenjani? Inani elikhulu lezinto ezikhishwe ngesikhathi somshini likhulule ukucindezelwa kwangaphakathi ekulingiseni kwasekuqaleni. Ingxenye yayisonteke ngobuqili ngemva kokuba sesiqedile ngayo. Isixazululo, esamukela kuzo zonke izinto ezinkulu, ezisindayo ngemva kwalokho, kwaba umjikelezo wokunciphisa ukucindezeleka. Ngemva komshini onzima, sasithumela ingxenye ukuze ikhulule ukucindezeleka kokushisa, bese siyibuyisela ukuze iqedwe. Yengeza isinyathelo, kodwa yashintsha izinsalela ezingalindelekile zaba ezithembekile, ukunemba ngokwezifiso machining. Ukunemba akusona nje ukulinganisa ekugcineni kwe-spindle; wukuzinza kwaleso silinganiso ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nasendaweni yaso yokusebenza.
Ukulinganisa ngokwako kuyisiyalo esingokwezifiso. Kwezinye izici, i-CMM ejwayelekile ilungile. Kwabanye—izibhobo zangaphakathi ezijulile ezinezingcingo eziqinile ze-cylindricity, noma izindawo eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi—ungase udinge izandiso ze-ground probe, noma usebenzise isithwebuli se-laser, noma wenze negeji esebenzayo ukuhlola ukulingana nengxenye yokukhwelana. Indlela yokuhlola kufanele ifanele inhloso njengenqubo yomshini. Ukuthatha ukuthi usayizi owodwa ulingana konke ku-metrology ithrekhi esheshayo yokuletha ingxenye elinganiswe kahle engahlangani.
I-Human Factor kanye nama-Tooling Nuances
Ukuzenzakalela kuhle, kodwa inkambiso, umsebenzi wevolumu ephansi usasebenza emehlweni nasezindlebeni ezinolwazi. Umsindo wokusikwa oshintshayo usuka ekubeni yizwi elibushelelezi uye engxoxweni encane; ukubonakala kombala we-chip oshintsha kusuka esiliva kuya kotshani kuya koluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka; ukuzwa kwendawo eqediwe yama-burrs okungenzeka ukuthi umshini awuzange uphuthelwe. Lawa amasheke we-QC okungewona awedijithali abamba izinkinga ngaphambi kokuthi abe yizinhlekelele. Umakhenikha onekhono ulalela umshini njengomakhenikha olalela injini.
Ukukhetha amathuluzi kuwumgodi onogwaja ojulile. Kuma-alloys asezingeni eliphezulu, ungase ukhethe phakathi kokufakwayo kwe-ceramic (okungakwazi ukuphatha isivinini esingahlangani kodwa nokuphazamiseka kwenzondo) kanye ne-carbide evalwe ngokukhethekile (ethethelela kakhulu kodwa ehamba kancane). Iba isenzo sokulinganisa phakathi kwesikhathi somjikelezo, izindleko zamathuluzi, kanye nengozi yokwehluleka kokufaka okuyingozi. Sake sazama ukusunduza imikhawulo ngokufaka i-ceramic endaweni yokusebenza ye-nickel alloy face grooving. Izinga letiyetha lokususwa kwensimbi beliyisimangaliso. Empeleni, ukungahambisani okuncane endaweni yabalingisi kubangele ukuphazamiseka okuncane, futhi okufakiwe kwaphahlazeka, kwathatha umzimba wethuluzi lokugenca ngokwezifiso elingu-$800 nalo. Sibuyele kuqhinga lokugaya eliqinile, eliguquguqukayo le-helix carbide futhi samukela isikhathi somjikelezo omude. Ithuluzi elingcono kakhulu akulona njalo elinezinombolo zeshidi eliphakeme kakhulu; yilo eliqeda umsebenzi ngokwethembeka.
Yilapho ubudlelwano nabahlinzeki buthanda khona QSY udaba. Uma wenza ama-castings abo futhi uhlangabezana nendawo eqinile eqhubekayo noma i-porosity, ungaba nengxoxo yobuchwepheshe. Bangabheka inqubo yabo-mhlawumbe inkinga yokungena, mhlawumbe ipharamitha ye-sintering-futhi balungise. Umphakeli wezinto ezijwayelekile uvele athumele umbiko wokuhlola. Ukusebenzisana kuguqula ukuhlaziya okungalungile kube ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo, okugcina kukhuphule ikhwalithi yokugcina ukunemba ngokwezifiso machining kuhanjiswa.
Ukuletha Okungaphezu Kwengxenye
Ekupheleni kosuku, awulethi iwijethi. Uletha isixazululo enkingeni. Leso sixazululo sihlanganisa ingxenye, umbiko wokuhlola, izitifiketi, nolwazi oluthulile lokuthi uma okuthile kubonakala kungahambi kahle, unesizinda sokwazi ukuthi kungani. Kumayelana nokuba umlingani, hhayi nje umdayisi. Uma iklayenti lithumela umdwebo, isevisi yangempela ibuza imibuzo okungenzeka ukuthi ayizange iyicabange: Le radiyasi ibizwa ngokuthi ibukhali. Ingabe lokho okokugunyazwa? Ngoba singayipholisha ngogesi ukuze isebenze ngokucijile ngaphandle kwesikhuphukeli sokucindezeleka sonqenqema owenziwe ngomshini ngempela. Noma, Lokhu kubekezelela kuqine kakhulu kudathamu engasebenzi. Ingabe singayikhulula ukuze songe izindleko ngaphandle kokuba nomthelela ekusebenzeni?
Leso siqephu sokubonisana yiso esihlukanisa isitolo semisebenzi neseqiniso ukunemba ngokwezifiso machining umhlinzeki. Yakhelwe kuzo zonke lezo zigaba zangaphambili: izinto zokuqonda, ukuklama izinqubo eziqinile, ukwazi imikhawulo yemishini namathuluzi, nokusebenzisa i-metrology esebenzayo. Ishintsha i-oda lokuthenga libe ukuhlanganyela. Ubona lo mcabango ezinkampanini eziye zabhekana namashumi eminyaka emijikelezo, njenge-QSY. Umlando wabo weminyaka engama-30 awusona nje isibalo sokuphila isikhathi eside; iwuhlu lwezinkinga ezixazululiwe, izinto ezifundwayo ezifundiwe, nezinqubo ezicwengisisiwe. Lolo lwazi lwesikhungo luba yingxenye yenani abalifaka kuzo zonke izingxenye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-flange yensimbi elula noma ingxenye ye-cobalt alloy eyinkimbinkimbi yesevisi eyeqisayo. Ukunemba kusengxenyeni, kodwa imvelo yangokwezifiso isekucabangeni okuthole lapho.
