Masikhulume iqiniso, lapho abantu abaningi bezwa ukulingisa okunembayo okuphezulu, bafanekisela ingxenye engenasici, ecwebezelayo ephuma esikhunjeni, elungele ukuthunyelwa. Lelo iphupho lokumaketha. Iqiniso, ukugaya kwansuku zonke, ukuxoxisana okuqhubekayo phakathi kwejiyomethri efanelekile kumodeli ye-CAD kanye ne-physics enenkani yensimbi encibilikisiwe. Akukhona nje ukubekezelelana okuqinile; imayelana nokubekezelelana okungabikezelwa, okuphindaphindwayo okuqinile kuyo yonke inqwaba engu-50 noma engu-5000, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisana namashaneli angaphakathi ayinkimbinkimbi noma izigaba ezinezindonga ezincane ezingenza umakhinikhi ajuluke. Amaklayenti amaningi afika ecabanga ukuthi inguqulo engcono nje yokusakazwa kwesihlabathi, kodwa igebe ekulawuleni inqubo, ukuziphatha okubalulekile, nokucubungula ngemva kokucubungula kufana nomhosha.
Umongo Wokunemba: Kuwuhlelo, Akusona Isinyathelo
Ukusakaza kweqiniso okunembayo okuphezulu, okungenani ngokubona kwami, kuqala isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba isithando somlilo sishiswe. Isekelwe ekukhethweni kwenqubo yokuqala. Kithina, lokho kuvame ukusho ukufakwa kwe-investimenti noma ukubunjwa kwegobolondo. Ukukhetha akunangqondo. Uma ingxenye inama-engeli angena kabusha ajulile, angaphakathi noma idinga ukuqedwa kwe-as-cast okungcono kune-Ra 6.3, ukufakwa kwe-investimenti ngokuvamile kuwukuphela kwendlela esebenzayo. Kodwa ngibone amaphrojekthi ehluleka ngoba lesi sinqumo senziwe eshidini lokubekezelela ngaphandle kokucabangela i-alloy. Ingxubevange ye-nickel ephezulu, ngokwesibonelo, iziphatha ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokuqiniswa kugobolondo le-ceramic uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi ye-carbon—izidingo zokudla, ubungozi bokudabuka okushisayo, zikwelinye izinga.
Kulapho-ke iminyaka engama-30 eyinqaba yokusebenza kwenkampani efana ne-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY) ibaluleke kakhulu. Akuyona ibheji kuwebhusayithi; ingumtapo wolwazi oqoqiwe, cishe onembile lapho ama-alloys adlala kahle ngaziphi izinqubo. Ungafunda mayelana nezinga lokushwabana kwensimbi engagqwali engu-17-4PH, kodwa ukwazi ukuthi ungalungiswa kanjani isistimu yokungena ukuze ihambisane nalokho kuncipha kwendlu ye-turbine blade, ngokusekelwe emsebenzini ofanayo kusukela eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, ukunemba kwangempela. Ukugxila kwabo kuma-alloys akhethekile, afana ne-cobalt ne-nickel-based, akulona nje uhlu lwezinto ezibonakalayo; kusho ukuthi bake balwa futhi baxazulula izinkinga zokuhlanekezela ezitholakala kulezo zinto zokusebenza ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Uhlangothi lwemishini, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-CNC abakushoyo, akuxoxiswana. Noma ubani ofuna ukunemba okuphezulu kweqiniso ngaphandle komshini wangaphakathi endlini ukhipha isigaba esibaluleke kakhulu. Kungani? Ngoba izici zakho zedatha zidinga ukwenziwa ngomshini ngokusetha okukodwa okuhlobene nejometri yokusakaza. Uma uphonsa i-flange enokubekezelela okungu-±0.2mm kumbuthano webhawodi, bese uyithumela esitolo somshini senkampani yangaphandle esiphinde siyibambe, ulahlekelwe umsuka walokho kunemba. Ikhono lokusuka ekubunjweni kwegobolondo noma ukusakaza kwe-investimenti ngqo kumshini we-CNC endaweni elawulwayo yikhona okuqinisa ubuqotho bobukhulu.
Lapho Ithiyori Ihlangana Neqiniso (Ngezinye izikhathi Elingcolile).
Icala engihlala nalo libandakanya inqwaba yerigi yokuhlola i-hydraulic. Ukucaciswa kudinga amaphaseji angaphakathi axhumene anobubanzi obungu-12mm, abekezeleleke kokuthi ±0.1mm, kokuthi 316 angenabala. Ephepheni, kungenzeka ngokusakazwa kokutshalwa kwezimali okunembayo okuphezulu. Imodeli ye-CAD yayiphelele. Ama-prototypes okuqala aphume ebukeka emuhle, kodwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwengcindezi, saba nokuvuza. Akuyona inhlekelele, kodwa i-seep. Umlandu? Akuwona ububanzi obuyibhobo obuyinhloko, kodwa ukuchezuka okucashile, okucishe kungenzeki ukukala ekuqondeni kwaleyo siteshi sangaphakathi esingu-150mm ubude, okubangelwa ukushintshwa kweminithi komgogodla we-ceramic phakathi nokuthela. Ukunemba bekukhona kubukhulu obumile, kodwa hhayi ekuqondaneni.
Sikuxazulule, kodwa hhayi ngokwenza ngomlingo ukubekezelela ukusakaza. Lokho kwase kusemkhawulweni wakho kakade. Ukulungiswa kwakuwukuklama kabusha okuhlanganyelwe neklayenti: sandise kancane usayizi webhore elivamile futhi sacacisa umsebenzi wokucija ngemva kokusakazwa kwezindawo ezibalulekile zophawu. Ukulingisa kusenze safinyelela ku-95% lapho ngokuncipha okukhulu kobunzima (asikho isidingo sokumba nokuxhuma izimpambanondlela eziningi), futhi ukunemba kwemishini kuqede umsebenzi. Lena i-symbiosis esebenzayo. Kungifundise ukuthi ukunemba okuphezulu ngokuvamile kumayelana nokwazi ukuthi ikuphi imikhawulo yemvelo yenqubo kanye nokuklama imisebenzi yesibili ukuze ihambisane nayo, hhayi ukulwa nayo.
Elinye ikhanda elisebenzayo liyisidingo sezimonyo. Ukucaciswa okuningi kuzodinga ukubukeka okungenasici njengokusakazwa kwezingxenye ezibonakala kakhulu. Kodwa kusho ukuthini ukungabi nasici? Ingabe ukuthungwa okuncane kokutshala imali kuyamukeleka? Ingabe umugqa wokuhlukanisa obuthakathaka osuka esikhunjeni segobolondo uyisici? Sifunde ukwenza amabhodi esampula aphathekayo anamazinga ahlukene ezici zendawo ezamukelekayo—inkontileka ebonakalayo neklayenti. Igwema lezo zingxabano ezibuhlungu zangemuva kokulethwa lapho ingxenye isebenza kahle khona kodwa inqatshwe ocingweni lobuhle obuzenzelayo. Lezi zinto azikho ezincwadini zokufunda.
Okubalulekile yi-Wild Card
Ukusebenza ngama-alloys akhethekile uhlu lwe-QSY, njengalawo asekelwe ku-nickel, kwehlukanisa ngempela okungajwayelekile kokuzibophezele. Lezi zinto zinoketshezi olubi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsimbi ezijwayelekile. Ucabanga ukuthi uklame isistimu yokugenca efanelekile yengxenye encane, kodwa insimbi ifuna nje ukuqhwanda ngokushesha, okuholela ekuvaleni okubandayo noma ukugijima kabi. Ukunemba akuphumelelanga ngenxa yephutha le-dimensional, kodwa kusukela engxenyeni engaphelele. I-Workaround ngokuvamile ihilela ukushisa kwensimbi ngaphezu kokujwayelekile nokusebenzisa ukushisa okushisayo kwesikhunta, okube sekwethula izinkinga zayo ngokukhula okusanhlamvu kanye nokusabela okungaba khona kwendawo ngegobolondo le-ceramic. Kuyisenzo sokulinganisa lapho okokufaka kwe-metallurgist kubaluleke kakhulu njengonjiniyela we-Foundry.
I-Trap Yokulinganisa
Awukwazi ukufuna ukunemba ngaphandle kokukuqinisekisa, futhi leyo yimbobo yawo onogwaja. Ugibe ovamile ukukala ngokweqile. Ukubeka i-CMM probe kuyo yonke indawo yokusakazwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kuyabiza futhi kudla isikhathi. Ukhiye ukuhlonza izici ezibucayi-kuya-kumsebenzi (CTF)—imvamisa indawo yokukhwelana, izindawo ezibhorekile, nogqinsi oluthile lwezindonga—futhi kugxilwe kuphrothokholi yokulinganisa lapho. Kwezinye, izindawo zobuhle ezingabalulekile, igeji ye-go/no-go noma isheke elibonakalayo kwanele. Ngichithe izinsuku ngikhiqiza imibiko yokuhlola ephelele engakaze isetshenziswe muntu, lapho ishidi lekhasi elilodwa eligqamisa idatha ye-CTF belingabaluleka kakhulu. Ukunemba kudinga ukusebenza kahle ukuze ukwazi ukuhweba.
Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa nokuba nemishini ehlanganisiwe. Imvamisa, ukudlula kokuqala komshini endaweni yedatha kuwukuhlola okuveza kakhulu. Uthatha u-0.2mm osike ubuso obukhuphukayo bese ubona ngokushesha ukuthi i-porosity noma ukuncipha kungaphakathi kwemvume ebikezelwe. Impendulo yesikhathi sangempela leyo i-standalone foundry ayitholi kuze kube amasonto kamuva, lapho ingxenye enqatshiwe ibuya esitolo semishini yekhasimende.
Ngakho-ke, Yini Engalethwa Kwangempela?
Ngemva kwakho konke lokhu, empeleni uthengani ngenqubo yokusakaza enembayo ephezulu? Awugcini nje ngokuthenga ingxenye enezinombolo eziqinile. Uthenga izindleko ezincishisiwe zamajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi. Uthenga ubuqotho bempahla ngesiqephu esisodwa ebesingashiselwa noma sihlanganiswe kusuka kumabhulokhi enziwe ngomshini. Uthenga ukonga isikhathi sokuhola ngokususa u-80% wesitoko somshini. Futhi uthenga ukwahlulela okunqwabelene komphakeli—ikhono labo lokubuka umdwebo bese uthi, Le radiyasi ibukhali kakhulu kungxubevange oyicacisile, izodala isikhuphukeli sokucindezeleka; masiyilungise ibe ngu-X, noma Singakubamba lokho kubekezelela, kodwa kuzophinda kabili izindleko; ingabe lobu buso buhlangana nenye ingxenye?
Ukubheka ububanzi bomhlinzeki, njengalokho okuchazwe kukho Ubuchwepheshe be-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan indawo (https://www.tsingtaocnc.com), inhlanganisela yezindlela zokuphonsa eziqondile, ubuchwepheshe bezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nemishini ye-CNC yangaphakathi kuwubufakazi obuphathekayo balelo khono. Ibonisa ukusethwa okudizayinelwe ukuphatha lonke uchungechunge lwenani lokudala ingxenye enembile, hhayi nje isixhumanisi esisodwa kuketango elihlukanisiwe nelivame ukuba namaphutha. Ukuhlolwa kwangempela, njalo, kusesigabeni se-prototyping. Yilapho ithiyori, izimangalo zewebhusayithi, kanye namashumi eminyaka okuhlangenwe nakho kuhlangana ndawonye engxenyeni esebenzayo noma kwehlukana. Akukho ukucasha embikweni wokuhlola we-athikili yokuqala.
Ekugcineni, ukusakaza okunembayo okuphezulu kuwubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe, obuwusizo ngendlela emangalisayo, kodwa akuwona umlingo. Iwumsebenzi wezandla osekelwa isayensi kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga eziningi. Imiphumela emihle kakhulu ivela ekuyiphatheni njengedizayini ehlanganyelwe kanye nobudlelwano bokukhiqiza kusukela kumdwebo wokuqala ngqa, hhayi njengomsebenzi wokuthenga webhokisi elimnyama. Ukunemba kuningi ekuxhumaneni nasekuhleleni njengoba kunjalo ensimbi ngokwayo.
