Uma uzwa 'izimpahla zokutshala imali,' izingqondo eziningi zigxuma ziqonde ku-wax noma i-ceramic slurry. Yilokho okungaphezulu. Indaba yangempela isemininingwane emincane, evamise ukunganakwa—ama-binders angabeki kahle kumswakama ophezulu, izinto zokutshala imali njengama-refractories ashintsha i-batch-to-batch ngobuqili, noma ama-ejenti okukhululwa asebenza kahle aze angasebenzi. Akulona nje uhlu lokuthenga; kuwuchungechunge lokuncika lapho isixhumanisi esisodwa esibuthakathaka, sithi i-primary coat stucco, singaqeda yonke into. Ngike ngabona izitolo zisola isithando somlilo sazo ngezinkinga ze-porosity empeleni ezisukela kumshini wokugcwalisa we-alumina silicate wezinga eliphansi abawushintshele ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule. Izimpahla ziyisisekelo, futhi uzibona kuphela lapho zehluleka.
I-Core Kit: Ngale Kohlu Lokuhlola Oluyisisekelo
Ake sihlukanise izinto ezibalulekile, hhayi kukhathalogi, kodwa kusukela ebhentshini. Yebo, udinga i-wax yephethini, kodwa uhlobo lubaluleke kakhulu. I-wax encibilika kancane ingase ibe lula kumathuluzi okwenziwa ngesandla, kodwa kumajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi, anezindonga ezincane ezidinga ukuqina kobukhulu obuphakeme phakathi nokuhlanganisa, ubheka inhlanganisela yephoyinti elincibilikile eligcwalisiwe. Umehluko ekuqedeni kokugcina kwendawo kanye nokubekezelelana kobukhulu kungaba uhhafu we-mil noma ngaphezulu, okuyiyo yonke into emkhathini noma izingxenye zezokwelapha. Bese kuba ne-wax yesistimu yokugenca. Ukusebenzisa i-wax efanayo yamaphethini namasango kuwukunyakaza okuvamile okonga izindleko okuvame ukubuyisela emuva ngesikhathi sokuqothula, okubangela imifantu.
Uhlangothi lwe-ceramic luyiphrojekthi yamakhemikhali. I-slurry ayiyona nje i-slurry. I-cocktail enembile ye-colloidal silica noma i-ethyl silicate binder, ufulawa ophikisayo (njenge-silica ehlanganisiwe, i-zircon, noma i-alumina), kanye nama-ejenti wokumanzisa/okuvikela igwebu. I-pH kanye ne-viscosity idinga ukugadwa njalo—ukushintsha imizuzwana embalwa enkomishini ye-Zahn kungase kuthinte ukushuba kwejazi nokugeleza kwamanzi, okuholela ebuthakathakeni begobolondo. Ngikhumbula umsebenzi wezinye iziqhumane zasolwandle lapho sasilokhu siphuka khona amagobolondo ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwe-autoclave dewaxing. Kuvele ukuthi iqoqo elisha le-colloidal silica libe nosayizi wezinhlayiyana ohlukene kancane, okuthinta amandla ejeli ejazi eliyinhloko. Kwadingeka silungise isikhathi sokucwilisa kanye nosayizi wezinhlamvu zesihlabathi se-stucco ukuze sinxephezele. Lezi izinguquko ongeke ukuthole kumanuwali.
Izihlabathi ze-stucco zingenye inguquko ethule. Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-angularity nosayizi wesihlabathi se-zircon ngokumelene nesihlabathi se-silica esihlanganisiwe kudala ukufinyeleleka kwegobolondo okuhluke kakhulu namandla. Ukusebenzisa i-stucco eqinile kumajazi ayisipele kuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwamanzi futhi kunciphisa isikhathi sokwakha igobolondo, kodwa uma ukuhlukaniswa kungalungile, kudala izinkinga zokubopha ama-intercoat. Kuyisenzo sokulinganisa phakathi kwamandla egobolondo kanye nokungena kwegesi phakathi nokuthela. Umhlinzeki onokulawula okuqinile phezu kwalezi zici zento ephathekayo ubiza isisindo sakhe ngegolide.
Abalingisi Abasekelayo: Ngokuvamile Ukukhohlwa, Kuhlala Kubucayi
Yilapho izitolo eziningi ezizama ukulawula izindleko zishiswa khona. Cabanga ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezingalokothi zenze izithombe ezinhle. Ama-Shell sealant ukuze apeshe ukungapheleli okuncane—uma bengenawo i-coefficient yokwandisa ukushisa okufanayo kugobolondo, azophuma ekushiseni kwangaphambili. Bese kuba nezisekelo zesikhunta noma amathreyi okudubula. Ukusebenzisa ibhodi lefibre ye-ceramic evamile kungase kubonakale kukuhle, kodwa uma iphansi ngokuphelele noma inamandla aphansi okushisa, igobolondo elisindayo, eliyinkimbinkimbi lingakwazi ukusonteka ngesikhathi sokushisa okuphezulu kweqondo lokushisa, lidale ingcindezi kanye nokuqhekeka okungaba khona ngaphambi kokuba insimbi ibone.
Izimpahla zokutshala imali zidlulela ekucutshungulweni kwangemuva kokusakazwa nakho. Amakhemikhali okususwa kwegobolondo: hhayi nje noma iyiphi i-caustic soda ezokwenza. Ukugxilisa ingqondo, izinga lokushisa, nesikhathi sokuchayeka kumele kushuniselwe isistimu yakho yegobolondo ukuze isuse ngempumelelo i-ceramic ngaphandle kokuhlasela i-substrate yensimbi, ikakhulukazi ngama-alloys asebenzayo njenge-titanium noma asekelwe ku-nickel. Ngokufanayo, izinto ezisikiwe nezigayayo—amasondo agayiwe anqanyuliwe, amabhande athile enziwe ngama-alloys ahlukene. Ukusebenzisa ibhande elijwayelekile le-aluminium oxide ku-cobalt superalloy kuwumsebenzi ongelutho kanye nezinto ezisebenzisekayo ezimoshiwe.
Enye yezinto okungaxoxwa ngazo kakhulu induku yenkomba yokushisa ethobekile noma ama-pyrometric cones for preheat preheat. Ukuthembela kuphela ku-thermocouple yesithando somlilo kuyingozi. Ngibone ukukhukhuleka kwe-thermocouple ngo-25°C, okuholela kumagobolondo angashiswa kancane abebuthaka futhi akwazi ukungena kunalokho obekuhlosiwe. Umphumela waba ukungena kwensimbi kanye nenqwaba elahliwe yamavalvu emizimba. Ikhoni elilula, lesikole esidala elibekwe ngaphakathi kwesithando somlilo lisinike isiqinisekiso esibonakalayo sokuthi ukufundwa kwedijithali akukwazanga. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukunikezwa kobuchwepheshe obuphansi yikho okubaluleke kakhulu.
I-Material Match: I-Alloy-Supply Symbiosis
Ukukhetha kwakho izinto zokutshala imali kunqunywa insimbi oyithelayo. Lokhu akuxoxiswana ngakho. Ukuthela i-316 engenasici? Ijazi eliyinhloko le-zircon kanye namajazi ayisipele ane-silica ehlanganisiwe angase abe yizinga. Kodwa shintshela kunsimbi ye-manganese ephezulu noma i-nickel-based superalloy njenge-Inconel 718, futhi igeyimu iyashintsha. Amazinga okushisa okuthela aphakeme nokusebenzisana koketshezi lwensimbi kufuna ama-refractories anamaphuzu aphezulu okuhlanganisa kanye nokumelana nokushaqeka okungcono kokushisa. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi ushintshele kuhlelo lwe-zircon yonke noma ngisho nezinqamuleli ezikhethekile ezifana ne-yttria yama-alloys athile asebenzayo.
I-wax nayo idinga ukuhambisana. Amanye ama-alloys asebenza kahle anezidingo zokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu. Uma insalela yephethini ye-wax ingasuswa ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokutubeka, ukuthwebula ikhabhoni kungenzeka ensimbi, kubeke engcupheni i-ductility kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Lokhu kudinga i-wax enomlotha omncane kanye nomjikelezo wokushiswa kwegobolondo othuthukiswe ngokucophelela ezindaweni ezithile ze-wax. Kuyinkhulumomphendvulwano phakathi kwempahla yephethini, isistimu yegobolondo, ne-alloy.
Yilapho ubungcweti obudidiyelwe be-Foundry buba semqoka. Inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ngeminyaka yabo engamashumi amathathu ukutshala imali kanye nokwenza imishini, kuhlanganisa lesi simiso. Ngokusebenza ku-cast iron, insimbi, i-stainless, kanye nama-alloys akhethekile e-cobalt/nickel, ngokwemvelo bayaqonda ukuthi izinto ezisetshenziswayo—izinto zegobolondo, ama-wax ephethini—azilingani-zonke. Ukusebenza kwabo kwesikhathi eside kuphakamisa ulwazi olujulile, olusebenzayo lokuthola nokufanelekela izinsiza ezifanele zomndeni ngamunye wezinto ezibonakalayo, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuzuza ukungaguquguquki enqubweni enjalo ebucayi. Ungabona indlela yabo yokukhiqiza okuhlanganisiwe esizeni sabo kokuthi https://www.tsingtaocnc.com.
Ukuthola kanye Nokufaneleka: I-Real-World Grind
Ukuthola umphakeli we-colloidal silica kulula. Ukuthola eyodwa ehlinzeka ngokufana kwe-batch-to-batch ngemibiko enemininingwane yokuhlaziywa kwenkatho kunzima futhi kubiza kakhulu. Inqubo yeziqu inonya kodwa iyadingeka. Sasivame ukusebenzisa i-mini-cast ngayo yonke iqoqo elisha lezinto zamajazi ayisisekelo—iphethini yokuhlola elula, amagobolondo ambalwa, athululwe nge-alloy eyaziwayo. Sasiyihlukanisa, sibheke ukungena kwensimbi, silinganise isiphetho sendawo, sihlole okufakiwe. Kubiza isikhathi nemali, kodwa kwavimbela ukulahleka kokukhiqiza okuyinhlekelele.
Ukwakha ubudlelwano nabahlinzeki abakhulu abambalwa kungcono kunokujaha intengo ephansi njalo. Umphakeli omuhle uzosebenza nawe uma kuphakama izinkinga. Ngikhumbula isikhathi lapho izinga lokuqhekeka kwegobolondo lethu lenyuka ngendlela engaqondakali. Umhlinzeki wethu we-slurry uthumele usokhemisi wakhe. Sichithe usuku sibuyekeza inqubo yethu, futhi waveza ukuthi uguquko kumaminerali wendawo yethu yokuphakela amanzi (ngemuva kokushintshwa komthombo kamasipala) bekuthikameza amandla e-ionic e-slurry. Wasiza ekwenzeni kabusha isengezo esincane sokunxephezela. Lelo yinani ongalitholi kumsabalalisi we-inthanethi ongenabuso.
Kuyakhokha futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ukuhlola abahlinzeki besibili. Ezintweni ezifana nezihlungi ze-ceramic (igwebu noma i-reticulated), usayizi wembotshana nobuqotho besakhiwo kubalulekile ekuhlungeni insimbi encibilikisiwe. Iqoqo elibi lingabhidlika noma liqhekeke, lingenise okokufaka kwe-ceramic ekubumbeni. Ukuba nomhlinzeki oyisipele ohlangabezana ne-spec kuyingxenye yokuphathwa kochungechunge lokunikezela ngezinto ezibalulekile izinto zokutshala imali.
Ukwehluleka Njengezifundo: Lapho Ukunikezwa Kwempahla Kubuyisela
Wonke umuntu unezindaba zempi. Esinye sezifundo zami ezibiza kakhulu sasihilela i-gating wax eyenziwe ngezindleko. Ibe nokunwebeka okushisayo okungaphezulu kancane kune-wax yethu yephethini. Ekushiseni kwehlobo laseCalifornia, igumbi lomhlangano lalizongena ngaphezu kuka-75°F. Ukwandiswa komehluko phakathi kwesango kanye nephethini eyinkimbinkimbi kubangele ukuphuka kwengcindezi ezindaweni ezihlanganayo ezazingabonakali ngeso. Kungemva kokwakhiwa kwamagobolondo nokucwiliswa kwe-waxing kuphela lapho imifantu yavela ku-ceramic, okuholela emaphikweni nasemithanjeni ekubunjweni. Silahlekelwe ukukhiqizwa kwenyanga. Ukulungiswa kwakungekona nje ukushintsha i-wax; ibisebenzisa nokulawula okuqinile kwezemvelo endaweni yokuhlanganisa iphethini.
Enye ecashile yayine-ejenti yokumanzisa entsha, ethuthukisiwe endaweni edaka. Yakhiqiza amajazi amahle, angenagwebu. Kodwa-ke, kamuva sathola ukuthi ishiye ifilimu eyinsalela eyavimba kancane ukuhlangana kwe-intercoat phakathi kwejazi lesithathu nelesine. Amagobolondo aphumelele izivivinyo zamandla ajwayelekile kodwa azoncipha ngaphansi kokushisa okushisayo kokuthela ama-castings amakhulu. Ukwehluleka bekwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile futhi kuthathe izinyanga ukuba yimbangela. Manje, noma yiluphi ushintsho ku-surfactant noma isithasiselo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi luncane kangakanani, ludlula kuphrothokholi yokuhlola ukushaqeka okushisayo okugcwele kugobolondo elimele ukukhiqizwa.
Lokhu kwehluleka kugcizelela ukuthi ukunikezwa kuyisistimu. Awukwazi ukushintsha okuguquguqukayo okukodwa uwedwa. Kudinga ukubuka okuphelele kwalo lonke iketango lenqubo, kusukela ekwenzeni iphethini kuya ekunyakazeni. Ulwazi lokuzulazula kulokhu luvela eminyakeni yokusebenza ngezandla, ukuxazulula izinkinga, nokwakha umuzwa onembile wokuthi lezi zinto zisebenzisana kanjani. Kungumehluko phakathi kokuthenga nje izinsiza kanye nokuqonda ngempela izinto zokutshala imali njengesisekelo esiguqukayo, esisebenzisanayo somsebenzi wezandla.
