Uma abantu abaningi bezwa 'insimbi esakazwayo', babona ngeso lengqondo ileli yensimbi encibilikisiwe kanye nokubunjwa kwesihlabathi - inqubo engcolile, yamandla anonya. Lokho akulungile, kodwa kuyisiqalo esigeja i-nuance. Inselele yangempela akukhona nje ukuthola insimbi ukuze igeleze; ilawula okwenzekayo njengoba iqina, ipholisa, futhi yenziwa ngomshini. Ngibone amaphrojekthi amaningi kakhulu ekhubeka ngokuphatha insimbi eyinsimbi njengesigaxa esishibhile, esibumbekayo. Ibanga libalulekile, uhlobo lwesikhunta lubaluleke kakhulu, futhi umsebenzi wokuphonswa kwangemuva unquma yonke into.
Isikhunta nguMlayezo
Awukhethi nje isikhunta sesimo; uyikhethela isikhumba. Okwezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezibekezelela kakhulu ukuphonsa insimbi, cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi sincike ekubunjeni kwegobolondo noma ekubunjweni kokutshalwa kwezimali. Ukubunjwa kwesihlabathi kunendawo yakho yezingxenye ezinkulu, ezimahhadlahhadla, kodwa isiphetho esingaphezulu kanye nokuvumelana kwe-dimensional kusuka kugobolondo elimbozwe inhlaka kukwelinye izinga. Ngikhumbula inqwaba yezindlu zamaphampu lapho iklayenti laligcizelela khona isihlabathi esiluhlaza ukuze sibize izindleko. Ama-casting aphume anobuso obufana nephepha le-sandpaper elimahhadla, futhi isikhathi somshini sokuwahlanza sasusa noma yikuphi ukonga kokuqala. Isikhunta sisho u-50% wokuqala wezindleko zakho zokugcina.
Yilapho okuhlangenwe nakho kwesitolo kubonisa khona. Inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kanye neminyaka engamashumi amathathu kugobolondo nokufaka utshalomali, inamaphethini kanye nemingcele yenqubo edayiwe. Bayazi, isibonelo, ukuthi ukunwebeka okushisayo kwentokozo yegobolondo yabo kuhlangana kanjani nokufinyela kwamabanga ensimbi ahlukene. Akulona ulwazi lwezincwadi zokufunda; uhlobo lwento oyifundayo ngemva kokubona isikhunta esiyinkulungwane siqhekeka noma sikhiqiza ukukhanya endaweni efanayo.
Idizayini yesistimu yokugenca - imigudu efaka insimbi emgodini wokukhunta - ingobunye ubuciko obumnyama. Thela ngokushesha okukhulu ngamasango angalungile, futhi uthola isiyaluyalu, ukuvaleka komoya, nokufakwa kwe-slag. Ngake ngasebenza emgodini wegiya oyinkimbinkimbi lapho sasine-porosity eqhubekayo yokuncipha engxenyeni ewugqinsi. Sizame konke: ukulungisa izinga lokushisa lokuthulula, sisebenzisa amakhaza. Ukulungisa? Ukudizayina kabusha isango ukuze udale iphethini yokuqinisa eqondiswe kakhulu. Kube wushintsho olucashile kusayizi nokubekwa komgijimi, into umfundamakhwela engeke ayibone.
Okubalulekile Kungaphezu Kweshidi Elicacisiwe
Ukucacisa insimbi kufana nokungena endaweni yokudlela ucele ukudla. Insimbi empunga (I-Iron Empunga), i-iron ductile (I-Nodular Iron), i-graphite ehlanganisiwe… ngayinye iziphatha njengento ehluke ngokuphelele. I-iron empunga ilungele ukudlidliza okudambisayo kodwa i-brittle; i-ductile iron inamandla kanye nokuqina okuthile. Izakhi ze-alloying kanye nenqubo ye-inoculation ngesikhathi sokuthulula zenza noma ziyiphule.
Sibe nephrojekthi yobakaki ofaka ingcindezi ephezulu. Umdwebo ububiza i-generic ye-ayina empunga yeBanga lama-250. Kukhona okuphatheke kabi. Ngemva kokukhuluma ngamakesi omthwalo kanye nobungozi bomthelela nonjiniyela, saphusha ukushintshela ku-ayina edonsa amanzi. Izindleko zempahla eluhlaza zaziphezulu, kodwa ingxenye yayilula, inamandla, futhi yasinda ekuvivinyweni kokukhathala inguqulo ye-iron empunga yayingeke iphumelele. Iklayenti belibheka inani le-kg; besibheka ukusebenza kwengxenye yesevisi.
Yingakho ukusebenzisana ne-Foundry ephatha ama-alloys akhethekile kuyinetha yokuphepha. Ukwazi ukuthi umphakeli ofana ne-QSY usebenza ngayo yonke into kusukela kuma-ayina ajwayelekile nezinsimbi kuya kuma-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel kusho ukuthi bayawuqonda i-metallurgy ezingeni lokuncibilika. Abagcini ngokuthela; bahlaziya ukwakheka kokushaja, baphatha ukushisa okuphezulu okuncibilikisa, futhi balawule ijika lokupholisa. Ngokwengxenye ejwayelekile, mhlawumbe akunandaba. Kunoma yini ebucayi, iyikho konke.
I-Machining Handshake
Yilapho ukunqanyulwa kuvame ukwenzeka khona: ukulingisa kulungile, kodwa akunakulinganiswa. Noma kunalokho, ingenziwa ngomshini, kodwa hhayi ngendlela ephumelelayo noma ngempilo enhle yamathuluzi. Ukwehluka kokuqina kusuka esikhumbeni kuye kumongo ekubunjweni, ikakhulukazi ngamazinga athile okupholisa, kungadala umonakalo kumathuluzi e-CNC. Ukulingisa okubonakala kungenasici kungafihla izindawo eziqinile noma i-microstructure engahambisani edala ingxoxo futhi yonakalise ukuphela kwendawo.
Izitolo ezihlanganisiwe zinenzuzo enkulu lapha. Uma inhlangano efanayo yenza i- ukuphonsa insimbi futhi iphatha i CNC imishini, bangadizayinela ukwenziwa kusukela ekuqaleni. Bayazi ukuthi bangaqondisa kanjani ingxenye ekubunjweni ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi ubuso obubucayi bunobunzima obungaguquki bomshini. Bangangeza isibonelelo esincane sesitoko ezindaweni ezifanele ngoba inqubo yabo iyaphindaphindeka. Ngike ngisezitolo lapho ithimba lemishini ne-Foundry lilwa, lisolana ngokulahlwa. Kuyindlela ebizayo yokusebenza.
Uma ubheka ukusethwa kwe-QSY, inhlanganisela yokusakaza kanye nemishini ye-CNC yangaphakathi iyinqubekelaphambili enengqondo. Ivala iluphu. Bangakwazi ukusakaza umzimba wevalvu yensimbi eyi-ductile, isibonelo, ngama-flanges abalulekile nezimbobo zokuxhuma, bese bemshini ubuso bokuvala kanye nezimbobo zentambo endaweni eyodwa. Impendulo iyashesha: uma ithuluzi ligqoka ngokushesha kakhulu eqoqweni elithile, bangalilandelela balibuyisele kulogi encibilikayo noma isikhathi sokupholisa. Lokho kulawula kunzima ukukuphindaphinda uma uthumela ukusakaza okungekuhle ezweni lonke esitolo semishini esihlukile.
Lapho Izinto Zingahambi Kahle (Bazenza)
Ukuhlaziya ukwehluleka uthisha ongcono kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, nganginomthwalo wemfanelo wokugijima kwemizimba emincane ye-actuator ngensimbi empunga. Baphumelele kukho konke ukuhlolwa kokuqala kodwa baqala ukuqhekeka ensimini ngemuva kwemijikelezo embalwa yokushisa. Umlandu? Izingcindezi eziyinsalela ezivela ekupholiseni okungalingani. Besingakacacisi umjikelezo wokunciphisa ingcindezi ngemuva kokusakaza, sicabanga ukuthi i-geometry ilula ngokwanele. Kwakuyisifundo esibizayo. Manje, kunoma iyiphi ingxenye enezigaba ezihlukene ezihlukene noma isevisi ngaphansi komthwalo oshisayo, ukwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kokusakazwa yinto yokuqala engiyicabangelayo.
Enye i-classic yi-porosity. Akuhlali kuyisici sokulingisa; ngezinye izikhathi iwumklamo. Iklayenti lake lasithumelela imodeli ye-CAD enomumo omuhle, ophilayo onezingxenye ezimbalwa eziwugqinsi ezixutshwa zibe izindonga ezincane. Kwakuyisicupho se-porosity. Kwadingeka sixoxisane ngezinguquko zedizayini - ukwengeza izimbambo, ukukhipha izindawo eziwugqinsi - ukulenza likwazi ukuphonsa. Idizayini yokulingisa ekahle ngokuvamile ayilona idizayini efanelekile. Kuwukuvumelana, okuqondiswa ukugeleza nokuqiniswa kwensimbi.
I-Scrap iyenzeka. Umaki wesakhiwo esihle akuwona amaphutha ayiziro; yindlela ezizisingatha ngayo, indlela ezilandelela ngayo imbangela, nokuthi zilungisa kanjani ikhadi lenqubo ukuze kugijime okulandelayo. Ngiyamazisa umphakeli obuyisela umbiko onezithombe zokukhubazeka, ingxenye ehlukaniswe ngezigaba ebonisa ukuvuthwa, kanye noshintsho oluhlongozwayo endaweni yokungena noma izinga lokushisa elithelayo ngaphezu kwalowo ovele ashintshe ingxenye buthule.
I-Real Cost Equation
Ekugcineni, umbono oyiphutha omkhulu: lokho ukuphonsa insimbi njalo inketho enezindleko eziphansi. Okwamaqoqo okukodwa noma amancane, kubi. Iphethini ibiza iyodwa ukuyibulala. Kodwa uma ushaya ivolumu - yisho, izingcezu ezingamakhulu ambalwa ngonyaka nangaphezulu - i-economics iyashintsha. Intengo yeyunithi iyehla. Ukonga kwangempela, nokho, kuvela ekuhlanganiseni. Ukusakaza kukuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise izingcezu eziningi ezakhiwe zibe yinto eyodwa, ukhiphe izixhumi, umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa, kanye namaphoyinti okuhluleka okungaba khona.
Sakhe kabusha uhlaka lwesakhiwo olwenziwa ngamapuleti ensimbi angaphezu kweshumi nambili asikwe ngensimbi. Insimbi entsha ye-ductile iron casting yayilula ngo-15%, yaqina ngo-40%, futhi yanciphisa isikhathi sokuhlanganisa kusukela emahoreni kuya kumaminithi. Izindleko zamathuluzi bezibalulekile, kodwa ngokwehliswa ngevolumu yokukhiqiza, ukonga ngengxenye ngayinye bekukukhulu. Inani belisekusebenzeni nasekuhlanganiseni kube lula, hhayi nje impahla eluhlaza.
Yilokho ukuphela komdlalo. Akukhona ngokukhetha ukufakwa kwensimbi ngoba kungokwendabuko noma kushibhile. Kumayelana nokukhetha yona ngoba iyindlela esebenza kahle kakhulu yokwenza ijometri ethile ngezinto ezibonakalayo ezidingekayo, ikakhulukazi uma ibhangqwe nokubumba okunembayo kanye nomshini ohlanganisiwe. Kuyinqubo evuza ulwazi olujulile, oluthintekayo futhi ejezisa izinqamuleli. Uma kwenziwa kahle, nozakwethu ofanele emsebenzini, umphumela uba yinto ezwakala iqinile, esebenza kahle, futhi ngokungagwegwesi, kubukeka sengathi bekuhloselwe ukuba njalo.
