Uma abantu abaningi bezwa 'ukulungiswa kwemishini', babona ngeso lengqondo indoda egqoke amakhava anamafutha eshintsha ingxenye ephukile. Lokho kuyingxenye yakho, impela, kodwa kufana nokuthi udokotela ohlinzayo uvele athunge isikhumba. Umsebenzi wangempela, ingxenye egcina isitshalo sisebenza futhi ivimbela umshini we-$ 500,000 ekubeni i-paperweight, kwenzeka isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba i-wrench iphenduke. Kusekuhlolweni, ukuqonda izindlela zomthwalo, amaphethini okugqoka, kanye nokuhlangana phakathi kwamasistimu emishini kanye nengqondo yokulawula ewaqhubayo. Iphutha elivamile, elibizayo liwukwelapha izimpawu—uvele umisele umsindo onomsindo—ngaphandle kokubuza ukuthi kungani ukuthwala kuhlulekile kwasekuqaleni. Ingabe bekuwukugcoba okungalungile, ukungahambi kahle kweshaft, noma ukudlidliza okuzwakalayo okuvela empompini eseduze? Uma ungawutholi umsuka, uhlela nje ukwahlukanisa okulandelayo.
Isisekelo: Iqala ngokulingisa
Awukwazi ukukhuluma ngokulungiswa okuhlala njalo ngaphandle kokukhuluma ngezinto eziyisisekelo. Ngibone ukulungisa okuningi kwehluleka ngenxa yokuthi othile ushisele ubakaki wensimbi onamandla aphezulu ekulingeni okuphansi. I-weld ibamba, kodwa ukuphonsa kuqhekeka amasentimitha amathathu ukusuka ngesonto kamuva. Ubuqotho bengxenye yokuqala yikho konke. Yilapho izinkampani ezinokuhlangenwe nakho okujulile kwe-Foundry, njengokuthi I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), babe abalingani ababalulekile, hhayi nje abahlinzeki. Sebengenile futhi CNC imishini iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30, okusho ukuthi bayasiqonda isakhiwo sokusanhlamvu, ukukhululeka kwengcindezi, nokuthi ingxenye ezalwa iyithinta kanjani indlela ephila futhi ife ngayo. Uma udinga enye indawo yendlu yangokwezifiso ye-gearbox yefa i-OEM engasasekeli, lolo lwazi lwe-Foundry luwumehluko phakathi kokulungiswa konyaka owodwa nesixazululo seminyaka eyishumi.
Ukugxila kwabo ku ukubunjwa kwegobolondo futhi ukutshala imali ihambisana ikakhulukazi nomsebenzi wokulungisa. Lezi akuzona izikhala zakho ezimahhadlahhadla, zesanti. Akhiqiza izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezinomumo oseduze nenetha ezinomphetho ongcono wendawo kanye nokunemba kobukhulu. Kuchwepheshe olungisayo, lokho kusho ukuthi isikhathi esincane sokwenza imishini kumshini wezandla ukuze wenze isimpompi esisha silingane nevolumu yepompo endala. Ilingana okokuqala. Uhlu lwezinto ezibonakalayo abalubalayo—kusukela kokuvamile insimbi futhi insimbi ku insimbi engagqwali nalabo ama-alloys akhethekile njengama-nickel-based-akuwona nje ikhathalogi. Yikhithi yamathuluzi. Ukulungisa i-valve enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa esitshalweni samakhemikhali kudinga ingxubevange ehlukile kunokulungisa ipuleti lokucindezela le-hydraulic. Ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyicacise, nokwethemba umphakeli wakho ukuthi uzoletha insimbi efanele, kuvimbela ukwehluleka okuyinhlekelele emsebenzini.
Ngikhumbula umsebenzi ku-extruder enkulu. I-main thrust housing, i-nickel-alloy casting enkulu, ibe nokuqhekeka kokukhathala. Iklayenti belifuna ukuthi ishiselwe endaweni. Sahlehla. Ukushisela esizeni, nokulawulwa kokushisa okungaguquki, kungase kusonte ingxenye noma kudale izindawo zokucindezeleka ezintsha. Isincomo sethu, esisisebenzise nesisunguli sozakwethu (enye enephrofayela efana ne-QSY), bekuwukuthwebula ama-laser anembile, sakhe iphethini entsha, bese wenza impinda. Bekubiza kakhulu ngaphambili futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside. Kepha okunye bekuyi-weld esheshayo okungenzeka ukuthi yehlulekile ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, okubangele amasonto okuncipha. Ukulingisa okusha kusaqhubeka nanamuhla. Yilokho ukushintsha kwemiqondo: ukulungisa akukona ngaso sonke isikhathi mayelana nesiqephu esisheshayo; imayelana nokubuyiselwa okuthembeke kakhulu komsebenzi.
I-CNC Machining: Ibhuloho Phakathi Kwakudala Nokusha
Ngisho nokulingisa okusha okuphelele noma ukufoja, ukulungisa akwenziwa. Lapha yilapho ukunemba kwemishini kuthatha khona. Ingxenye entsha kufanele ihlangane kahle nomshini omdala, ogugile. Ukubekezelelana kuvame ukuqina kunasekwenziweni kwasekuqaleni ngoba awakhi uhlelo olusha; ufaka isitho esisha emzimbeni ophilayo. Lena enye indawo lapho ukusebenza okuhlanganiswe mpo kubonisa inani lakhona. Inkampani elawula kokubili ukulingisa kanye ne CNC imishini ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, njengoba kukhonjisiwe https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, iqeda iphuzu elikhulu lokwehluleka: ukuxhumana.
Ngike ngaba phakathi kwesimo esibi lapho ukulingisa okuhlukene kwathunyelwa esitolo semishini. Ochwepheshe bemishini, abasebenza ngomdwebo we-2D, benze izici zokuthola indawo ezibalulekile ngomshini ezisuselwe kudatham yedatha, hhayi isimo sangempela, esisonteke kancane sengxenye. Kwakuyizicucu. Uma indawo yokusungula kanye nesitolo somshini kuyingxenye yengxoxo efanayo, ochwepheshe bemishini banganikeza impendulo kuma-engeli asalungiswa ukuze kube lula ukugaya, futhi i-Foundry ingashiya isitoko esengeziwe lapho sidingeka khona. I-loop yempendulo egcina isikhathi, imali, kanye nengqondo.
Iqiniso elingokoqobo liwukuthi imishini eminingi yokulungisa i-off eyodwa noma ivolumu ephansi. Awuhleli uhlelo lokukhiqiza okungu-10,000. Ulungiselela ucezu olulodwa olubalulekile. Lokhu kudinga uhlobo oluhlukile lwekhono—ukuthuthukiswa, idizayini yesimo esithuthukisiwe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokulungisa izindlela zamathuluzi endizeni ngemva kokuthatha izilinganiso zangaphakathi-situ. Umgomo uyingxenye engahlangani nje nokuphrintiwe, kodwa efaka ngaphandle kwamandla, ngaphandle kwamashimu, futhi ngaphandle kwamahora okuncenga ngesando. Ukufakwa okuthulile, okungenamthungo kuwukuncoma okuphezulu kakhulu kumshini wokulungisa.
Umdanso Wokuxilonga: Ukulalela Umshini
Zonke izingxenye eziphelele emhlabeni azinamsebenzi uma ukuxilongwa kwakho kungalungile. Lena ingxenye enkulu yabantu ukulungisa imishini. Kufanele ube umseshi. Umshini ukunika izinkomba: imisindo, amazinga okushisa, amaphethini okugqoka, amasignesha okudlidliza. I-squeal ye-high-frequency squeal ingase ibe ukuthwala okomile, kodwa kuhlanganiswe nokudlidliza okuqondile kwe-harmonic ku-RPM ethile, kungase kubhekisele ezinyo legiya elihlulekayo. Ngigcina i-stethoscope elula—induku yokulalela kamakhenikha—ekhukhwini lami eliphezulu. Ivamise ukusho kakhulu kunokuhlaziya ukudlidliza okuthuthuke kakhulu kokudlula kokuqala.
Amakhamera ezithombe ezishisayo asephenduke into eshintsha umdlalo. Bengixazulula inkinga yomshini womshini wokugaya iphepha owawukhubeka ngenxa yezinga lokushisa elingaphezu kwamandla. Uhlelo lokulawula luthe luwumphumela. Ikhamera eshisayo ixoxe indaba ehlukile: indawo eyodwa ethile yomqulu omkhulu ibishisa kakhulu. Inkinga kwakungeyona indlela; kwakuyi-siphon ye-steam evalekile ngaphakathi kwe-roll ngokwayo, ebangela ukushisa okungalingani nokwanda. Silungise isistimu ye-steam, hhayi i-bearing. Okubalulekile ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ukwazisa intuition yakho, hhayi esikhundleni sayo. Usadinga ukungcolisa izandla zakho, uzwe ukudlala ku-shaft, iphunga uma amafutha eshisiwe.
Ukuhlaziya ukwehluleka kuyisiyalo ngokwaso. Uma kugunda umphini, ungabheki nje ikhefu. Bheka indawo ephukile. Ingabe indawo eyodwa, ebushelelezi (ukukhathala) noma indawo emagebhugebhu (ukugcwala ngokweqile)? Ingabe akhona amamaki olwandle abonisa lapho ukuqhekeka kuqale khona? Lo msebenzi we-forensic wazisa ukulungiswa. Ukwehluleka kokukhathala kusho ukuthi kufanele futhi ubhekane nengcindezi ye-cyclic ebangele-mhlawumbe udinga ukwandisa i-fillet radius engxenyeni entsha. Ukwehluleka kokulayisha ngokweqile kungase kusho ukubuyekeza izinqubo zokusebenza. Ukulungiswa kuyikhambi lanamuhla; ukuhlaziywa kuwukuvimbela kusasa.
Ukuhlanganisa kanye ne-Control System Blind Spot
Okwesimanje imishini akuvamisile ukuba ngomshini nje. Kuyisistimu ye-mechatronic. I-servo motor, i-PLC, nesikulufu sebhola kuyiyunithi eyodwa esebenzayo. Ngibone ukulungiswa kwemishini okuhlehliswa ngokuziba izinto zikagesi. Ushintsha igayidi yomugqa egugile kusishintshi samathuluzi e-CNC, kodwa uma ungalungisi kabusha inzwa yendawo yasekhaya futhi ulungise kabusha amapharamitha amaphutha alandelayo edrayivu ye-servo, umshini uzovevezela, wenze iphutha, noma uphahlazeke. Ukulungisa akuqediwe kuze kube yilapho isistimu ijikeleza kahle ngaphansi kokulawula okuzenzakalelayo.
Lesi igebe elikhulu ekucabangeni kwendabuko ukulungisa. Izisebenzi zemishini kanye nonjiniyela kagesi/izilawuli bavame ukusebenza eziseleni. Ukuzijwayeza okungcono kakhulu, okuye kwadingeka sikufunde kanzima, ukuba nomhlangano wokuqala wanoma yikuphi ukulungiswa okukhulu okubandakanya yomibili le mikhakha. Hambani ngokulandelana kokusebenza ndawonye. Ngokuvamile, umuntu olawulayo uzothi, O, uma ushintsha leyo actuator, kufanele futhi sibuyekeze le swishi yomkhawulo ebolayo ngenkathi sinokufinyelela. Lokho ukulungisa okusebenzayo, okuhlanganisiwe. Ilondoloza umcimbi wesibili wesikhathi sokuphumula ezinyangeni ezimbili kamuva.
Amadokhumenti abalulekile lapha, futhi ngokuvamile ayingozi. Kungenzeka ukuthi usebenza emshinini kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-90s onohlelo olubhalwe ngesandla. Ngaphambi kokuthi unqamule noma yini, thatha izithombe. Eziningi zazo. Lebula izintambo nge-tape. Dala awakho amadokhumenti atholakalayo. Isikhathi esichithwa lapha siyi-investimenti ekhokhayo uma uxhuma kabusha yonke into futhi injongo yocingo ingacacile. Ngibone umshini uphansi izinsuku ezimbili ezengeziwe ngenxa yokuthi othile akazange alebule isixhumi esinezintambo ezingu-20, futhi umdwebo wokuphina ulahlekile. Ungabi yilowo muntu.
Ibhizinisi Lokulungisa: Inani Elingaphezu Kwe-invoyisi
Okokugcina, kukhona ifilosofi yokuzilungisa ngokwayo. Emhlabeni omatasatasa ngokuthenga okusha, umsebenzi wokulungisa onekhono unikeza inani elikhulu elivame ukufihlwa. Akukhona nje mayelana nezindleko zengxenye entsha ngokumelene nokulungiswa. Sekuyisikhathi sokuhola. Ungakwazi yini ukuthola entsha emavikini angu-6, noma singayilungisa le ezinsukwini ezi-3? Kumayelana nolwazi. Siyawuqonda lo mshini othize, ama-quirks awo, umlando wawo. Ingxenye entsha evela ku-OEM ingase ifike nezilungiselelo ezijwayelekile; ukulungiswa kwethu kuza nokulungiswa ngokwezifiso kwalolu hlelo lokusebenza ngqo.
Ukwakha ubudlelwano nozakwethu wokukhiqiza onekhono kunweba amandla akho okukhanda. Kuyajika ukuthi asikwazi ukukulungisa lokho ake sibone ukuthi singenzani. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuba nomthombo onokwethenjelwa wokunemba ukutshala imali kanye nokwenza imishini ama-alloys akhethekile kusho ukuthi ungakwazi ukulungisa i-aerospace noma imikhakha yezamandla ezinye izitolo ezingahamba kuzo. Kuyinzuzo yamasu. Awugcini nje ngokulungisa imishini; uhlinzeka ngokuqhubekayo, ulondoloza ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu, futhi ngokuvamile, ukwelula impilo yesevisi yesisetshenziswa ngaphezu kwenhloso yayo yomklamo wasekuqaleni.
Ekugcineni, ukulungisa imishini iyinhlanganisela yolwazi olujulile lwezobuchwepheshe, umsebenzi wezandla, isayensi yezobunhloli, kanye nomuzwa webhizinisi osebenzayo. Kungcolile, kuyaphindaphinda, futhi kuyanelisa ngokujulile. Umgomo awukona ukuphelela—ukwethembeka. Ukuzwa umshini owubuyisile onqenqemeni uhlezi unomsindo omnandi, onesigqi, wazi ukuthi usuwunikeze elinye ithuba lokuphila. Futhi uyazi ukuthi umsebenzi wenziwa ngempela lapho u-opharetha, osekuphele izinsuku ekubuka ngokungabaza, evuma ngekhanda, echofoza inkinobho yokuqala, futhi ehamba ngaphandle kokubheka kabili. Yilokho ukuphuma kwangempela.
