Lapho abantu abaningi bezwa 'ukunemba kwemishini ye-CNC', bavele bacabange ngokubekezelela okuqinile - niyazi, lezo zinombolo ezingu-±0.001 ezinamathiselwe kuwo wonke amawebhusayithi. Lokho kuyingxenye yakho, ngokuqinisekile, kodwa yingxenye elula kakhulu ukuyithembisa futhi ngokuvamile ingxenye enzima kakhulu ukuyiletha ngokungaguquki, ikakhulukazi uma usebenza ngamajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi noma izinto ezishisayo ezifana ne-Inconel. Ukunemba kwangempela akukhona nje ekuphindaphindeni komshini; ikuwo wonke uchungechunge lwezinqubo - kusukela endleleni owuhumusha ngayo umdwebo, kuya kumasu akho okulungisa, kuye phansi kuya ekulawuleni ukunwetshwa kokushisa esitolo ntambama kushisa. Ngibone imisebenzi eminingi kakhulu lapho izingxenye zilinganisa kahle ku-CMM kodwa zehluleke ekuhlanganiseni ngoba othile wenze ngomshini zonke izici kusuka kudathamu eyodwa ngaphandle kokubheka ukuthi ingxenye isetshenziswa kanjani ngempela. Lolo uhlobo oluhlukile lokunemba, ongalutholi eshidini elicacisiwe.
Okubalulekile kuyiKhasimende Lokuqala
Ungaba nomshini wokugaya we-5-axis ohamba phambili emhlabeni, kodwa uma uphatha i-17-4 PH ngaphandle kwebala ngendlela efanayo ophatha ngayo i-6061 aluminium, usosizini lomhlaba wokulimala. Yilapho isipiliyoni, noma kunalokho, isipiliyoni esibalulekile, kuba okungaxoxiswana ngakho. Sigijima kakhulu ukunemba CNC machining kuma-alloys akhethekile - izinto ezisekelwe ku-nickel, ezisekelwe ku-cobalt zemikhakha yamandla ne-aerospace. Lezi zinto zokusebenza zisebenza kanzima ngokucwayiza. Indlela yakho yamathuluzi, okuphakelayo, isivinini, kanye nohlobo lokufaka ijiyomethri kumele kube sengxoxweni eqhubekayo nokokusebenza. Ukudlidliza okuncane kwe-harmonic ongakuziba ensimbi kungase kubangele u-$200 wokugcina e-Hastelloy. Incane mayelana namandla anonya futhi imayelana nesenzo esilawulwayo, esingaguquki sokugunda. Ufunda ukufunda ama-chips - umbala nokuma kwawo kukutshela ngaphezu kwanoma iyiphi inzwa ngezinye izikhathi.
Yingakho isizinda sesitolo sibalulekile. Indawo echithe amashumi eminyaka ekulingiseni, njengokuthi I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), ngokuvamile unomlenze phezulu uma kuziwa ekwenzeni imishini. Ababona nje ibhilidi; bayasiqonda isakhiwo sokusanhlamvu, ukufakwa okungenzeka, kanye nezimo zokucindezeleka ezivela enqubweni ekhuphukayo. Ukukhanda ingxenye yabalingisi akufani nokwenza ibha eyenziwe. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi uqale uthathe isikali esilula ukuze 'uthole' indawo eyiqiniso, noma ulungise isu lakho lengxenye enezimbotshana. Lolo hlobo lolwazi lwenqubo lubhakwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-30, futhi luthinta ngokuqondile ukunemba kwengxenye yokugcina eyenziwe ngomshini.
Ngikhumbula umsebenzi wengxenye ye-turbine evela ku-cobalt alloy. Ukuphrinta kubize ukuqedwa kwesibuko esiteshini sangaphakathi. Sabethelela ubukhulu, kodwa umphetho wawumahlane, ubonisa izinyembezi ezincane. Inkinga? Besisebenzisa indlela yamathuluzi nengcindezi yokupholisa ethuthukisiwe ukuze ingabi nebala. Kuthathe isonto lonke lokulinga, ukushintshela kusistimu yokupholisa yomfutho ophezulu ngokusebenzisa i-spindle enengxube ethile esekwe kuwoyela, kanye nokwehliswa okukhulu kwezinga lokuphakela ekudluleni kokugcina ukuze uthole lokho kuqedwa okuyingilazi. 'Ukunemba' lapha kwakumayelana nobuqotho obungaphezulu njengoba kwakumayelana nokunemba kobukhulu. Umshini wawungakwenza, kodwa ulwazi lwenqubo lwenza kwaba nokwenzeka.
Lapho Ukusakaza Kuhlangana Nomshini: I-Handoff Ebalulekile
Lena indawo enkulu, evame ukunganakwa, yamaphutha. Isitolo esenza kuphela CNC imishini ithola ukulingwa futhi ingase ivele iyihlehle bese iqala ukusika. Kodwa uyisungula kuphi i-datum yakho eyinhloko? Uma ukusakaza kune-warp encane noma indawo engabalulekile isetshenziswa njengobuso be-clamp, ungakwazi umshini ingxenye e-spec ephelele engenamsebenzi. Ukunemba kufanele kuqale ngaphambi kokuthi ithuluzi lokuqala lithinte ingxenye.
Imisebenzi ehlanganisiwe inenzuzo enkulu. Kwa-QSY, ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa yokuthi baphatha kokubili ukubunjwa kwegobolondo/ukutshala imali kanye nomshini wasendlini, i-handoff yakhelwe ngaphakathi. Bangakwazi ukufaka amaphedi wendawo noma izici ze-datum ezingasebenzi kodwa ezilungele ukusethwa komshini. Bayaziqonda izibonelelo zokuncipha futhi bangahlela kusengaphambili i-CNC ukuthi inxephezele. Le ndlela yokuklama ngokubambisana ishintsha umdlalo wezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi. Umakhi akalwi nokulingisa; basebenzisana nayo. Ngikubonile lokhu kwehlisa amanani ezinto ezilahliwe ezingxenyeni ze-alloy zenani eliphezulu ngo-30% noma ngaphezulu, ngenxa nje yokuthi ithimba labasebenza ngomshini lalikhona ngesikhathi sokubuyekezwa komklamo wokusakaza.
Isibonelo esisebenzayo: indikimba yevalvu yohlelo lokusebenza lwe-subsea. Bekuyi-duplex stainless steel investment cast. Ingxenye ebalulekile kwakuwubuso bokuvala kanye nephethini yembobo yebhawodi. Ngokuklama isikhunta sokusakaza ukuze ulayini wokuhlukanisa kanye nesistimu yokugenca kushiye izindawo ezihlanzekile, ezisebenzisekayo lapho i-CNC idinga ukutholakala khona, silondoloze imisebenzi emibili yokusetha. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, siqinisekise ukuthi ukujiya kodonga oluzungeze amachweba kufana nokuqondile kusuka ku-cast, ngakho-ke ukusika kokuqeda bekukuncane futhi kulinganiselwe ukucindezeleka. Ukunemba kwakhiwe kusukela kusinyathelo sokuqala.
I-Tooling & Fixturing Mindset
Khuluma nanoma yimuphi umakhinikhi ongumakadebona, futhi bazokutshela ukuthi umshini muhle kuphela okuphethe ingxenye nethuluzi. Ngoba ukunemba imishini, ikakhulukazi kuvolumu ephansi, umsebenzi oxubene kakhulu, ukulungiswa kwe-modular kuyinkosi. Kodwa akukhona nje ukuthenga ikhithi enhle. Imayelana nokuklama izakhiwo ezihlonipha ukuqina kwengxenye, ezinikeza ukufinyelela kwamathuluzi, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, okuvumela ukukhula okushisayo okubikezelwayo. Izinto ze-aluminium zikhula ngenani elihlukile kunezingxenye zensimbi - udinga ukukulandisa lokho uma usebenzisa umjikelezo omude futhi izinga lokushisa lesitolo liyakhukhuleka.
Sake salahla iqoqo lamaringi ophawu anobubanzi obukhulu ngenxa yokuthi sasebenzisa insimbi enkulu, eqine kakhulu. Yayibambe ingxenye iqine kangangokuthi lapho siyikhulula ngemva komshini, izingcindezi zangaphakathi ezivela ekubambeni kwabangela ukuba iqhume ngokwanele ukuba ingaphumeleli ukuhlolwa. Siyini isifundo? Ukulungiswa kufanele kube okunembile, kodwa futhi kufanele kube nozwelo. Kwesinye isikhathi, i-clamp ethambile noma ukwesekwa kwamasu 'kunemba' kakhulu emhlabeni wangempela kunokuqina okuphelele.
Ukukhetha amathuluzi kungenye imbobo onogwaja. Mayelana nama-alloys asezingeni eliphezulu, ngisukile ekujaheni i-carbide entsha, eboshwe kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi, ibanga elithethelelayo eline-substrate eqinile, eqhutshwa ngamapharamitha alondolozayo, linikeza imiphumela engcono kakhulu kanye nempilo yamathuluzi. Ukunemba kuvela ekuvumelaneni, hhayi ekusebenzeni okuphezulu. Uma ithuluzi liqala ukuwohloka ngokubikezela, ungalihlelela. Uma ihluleka ngendlela eyinhlekelele, ulahlekelwe ingxenye, ithuluzi, futhi mhlawumbe nesakhiwo. Ngigcina ilogi yezinto ezihlukene - hhayi nje isivinini kanye nokuphakelayo, kodwa yimuphi umkhiqizo wamathuluzi nejiyomethri enikeze iphethini yokugqoka ebikezelwe kakhulu ohlangothini. Leyo idatha yangempela, engenziwa ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi oqondile.
Ukulinganisa Okubalulekile (Nokwazi Kungani)
Nansi igebe elivamile: ukulinganisa ngokweqile. Ungathola umbiko wokuhlolwa kwe-athikili yokuqala enamakhasi ayi-10 ubude, ohlola zonke izici eziphrintiwe. Kodwa ingabe lokho kuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye iyasebenza? Hhayi njalo. Ikhono langempela elokuhlonza ubukhulu be-critical-to-function (CTF) nokugxilisa isu lakho lokulinganisa lapho. Ingabe leyo callout engu-±0.0005 ku-cosmetic flange iyadingeka ngempela, noma isanda kukopishwa kumdwebo omdala? Ngokuvamile, ingxoxo nonjiniyela ibaluleke kakhulu kunombiko we-CMM.
Isibonelo, endaweni yephampu esiyenze ngomshini ngensimbi ewugqinsi, imfuneko yeqiniso 'yokunemba' kwakuwukubonana nokunemba kwendawo kwamabhore athwalayo ahlobene namanye, hhayi ngempela ububanzi bawo obuphelele ukuya kudesimali yesine. Sichithe amandla ethu siqinisekisa ukusethwa kanye nendlela yamathuluzi iqinisekisa lobo budlelwano, noma ngabe kwakusho ukuvumela ubukhulu obungaphandle obungabalulekile buhlale ekugcineni okubanzi kwebhendi yayo yokubekezelela. Le ndlela yokusebenza yokunemba yonga isikhathi nezindleko ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza.
Lokhu kubuyela emuva ekubeni nombono ogcwele inqubo. Inkampani eqonda isicelo sengxenye, njengaleyo ebikade idlala futhi CNC imishini amashumi eminyaka, usesimweni esingcono sokuba nalezi zingxoxo. Cishe babonile ukuthi izingxenye zihlanganiswa kanjani futhi zisetshenziswe kanjani ensimini. Bangabheka umdwebo futhi bazi ngokomzwelo wemvelo ukuthi yiziphi izilinganiso 'ezingezokukhiqiza' nokuthi iziphi 'ezingezomsebenzi.' Leso sinqumo sokwahlulela siwuhlobo lokunemba olungasebenzisi i-micrometer.
Isici Somuntu Kwinqubo Yedijithali
Okokugcina, masingayenzi i-automation ibe yothando. Precision CNC machining ishayelwa ngekhodi, kodwa igadwe ngabantu. Umhleli owengeza irediyasi engu-0.5mm empandeni yekhona langaphakathi elicijile ngoba uyazi ukuthi igxilisa ingqondo ekuhlanganiseni okudlidlizayo. Umsebenzisi ozwa ushintsho oluncane emsindweni wokusika bese emisa umjikelezo ukuze ahlole ithuluzi, nakuba isiqaphasi sokulayisha singakakhubeki. Umhloli wekhwalithi ozwa i-burr ngozipho lwakhe olugejwe yisistimu yokubona.
Lolu lwazi oluqoqiwe, oluyimfihlo luwungqimba lokugcina lokunemba. Yilokho okuguqula ingxenye enhle ibe ethembekile. Awukwazi ukuyidawuniloda noma ukuyihlela emshinini omusha. Ivela ngokuqhuba izinkulungwane zemisebenzi, ekwenzeni amaphutha, nokufunda kuwo. Kuyisizathu sokuthi kungani umlando wesitolo - njengohambo lweminyaka engama-30 lwe-QSY ukusuka ekukhiqizeni imishini - uyimpahla ephathekayo. Lokho kuphila isikhathi eside kusho ukuthi balungise izinqubo kuyo yonke imindeni yezinto ezibonakalayo nemijikelezo yezimboni. Cishe bake bakwenza ngomshini inguqulo yengxenye yakho ngaphambilini, noma ngabe umdwebo musha.
Ngakho-ke uma ufuna uzakwethu womsebenzi oqondile, bheka ngale kohlu lwemishini. Buza mayelana namajenali wabo wezinto ezibonakalayo, ifilosofi yabo yokuhlanganisa, ukuthi baluphatha kanjani ushintsho lokulingisa-kuya-machining, nokuthi ilogi yabo yokuhluleka ibukeka kanjani. Ukunemba kwangempela kusekucabangeni okungemuva kwendlela yamathuluzi, hhayi indlela yamathuluzi uqobo. Kuyinqubo exakile, ephindaphindayo, ejulile yomuntu yokuxazulula izinkinga, lapho umshini uyithuluzi elilodwa elinekhono kakhulu ebhokisini.
