Uma uzwa 'i-stainless steel sand casting foundry,' izingqondo eziningi zigxuma ziqonde emishinini emikhulu, emaholoholo. Lokho kuyiqiniso, kodwa futhi kuwukwenza lula okukhulu kakhulu emsebenzini. Indaba yangempela akukhona nje ukuthela insimbi esikhunjeni sesihlabathi; kumayelana nokuphatha impi phakathi kwe-fluid dynamics, i-metallurgy, kanye nokungabikezeli lutho kwesihlabathi. Isithembiso sengxenye eyinkimbinkimbi, emelana nokugqwala sihlala singqubuzana neqiniso lokushwabana kwe-porosity, ukulinganiselwa kokuqedwa kwendawo, kanye nokulwa kwaphakade nokufakwa. Ngibone imiklamo eminingi kakhulu ingena elungele ukutshala imali kodwa iphupho elibi ngesihlabathi, ngoba nje umehluko awuqondwa ngaphambili.
Isihlabathi ngokwaso siyinqubo
Iqala ngesikhunta, ngokusobala. Kodwa isihlabathi esiluhlaza ngokumelene nesihlabathi esiboshwe nge-resin asikona nje ukukhetha; kuwukuzibophezela kusethi ehlukile yezinkinga. Sisebenzisa i-furan no-bhake eminingi emsebenzini wethu ongenasici esitolo. Ukuzinza kwe-dimensional kungcono ezigabeni ezinkulu, ezisindayo esivame ukubhekana nazo, njengezindlu zamaphampu noma imizimba yamavalvu. Kodwa ukuhwebelana yi-gassing. Uma ukungena komoya endaweni etholakala kuyo kungenabala, noma uma ingxube yesihlabathi icishiwe nge-fraction, uzothola i-pinholing endaweni yokulingisa ebukeka ikahle ngemva kokunyakaziswa kodwa ebonakala njengamaphutha ngesikhathi somshini. Ukwehluleka ukubambezeleka, uhlobo olubi kakhulu.
Bese kuba nokuziphatha okushisayo kwesihlabathi. I-Stainless, ikakhulukazi uchungechunge lwe-300 olufana no-304 noma 316, luthela ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu futhi lunobubanzi obude bokuqina. Isihlabathi sidinga ukumelana nalokho kushisa ngaphandle kokubhidlika ngokushesha futhi sibangele ukuguguleka, kodwa futhi ngaphandle kokuqina kangangokuthi sikhawulela ukufinyela futhi kuholele ekuklebhukeni okushisayo. Kuyisenzo sokulinganisa. Ngikhumbula inqwaba yamavalvu esango e-CF8M (316 elingana) esasiwagijima. Ukugijima kokuqala kwakunezinyembezi ezishisayo ezingaguquki lapho kuhlangana khona i-flange nomzimba. Asiyilandeli emuva hhayi ephethinini noma endaweni yokungena, kodwa esilinganisweni sesihlabathi sokufuna kabusha siphezulu kakhulu. Isihlabathi silahlekelwe ukusabela kwaso okuningi kakhulu futhi besikhipha ukushisa ngendlela engalingani kakhulu. Ingxube yesihlabathi esisha yasilungisa. Yilokhu kusebenzisana kwezinga lezinto ozifunda kuphela ngokushisa izingcezu.
Futhi ukubuyiselwa kuyisilwane sakho siqu. Awukwazi ukumane uqhubeke ugaya kabusha isihlabathi unomphela ukuze uthole umsebenzi oqondile ongenasici. Izinhlawulo ziyakhula, i-binder chemistry iyawohloka, futhi uqala ukucosha okufakiwe kwe-silicate ensimbi. Sinomthetho oqinile wokuhlola i-LOI (Loss on Ignition) nokuhlaziya isikrini. Ukuvumela leso silayidi kuyithrekhi esheshayo eya kukhwalithi engahambisani. Akuwona umsebenzi owubukhazikhazi, ukuqapha isihlabathi usuku lonke, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni ubuqotho bokusakaza kunanoma iyiphi enye into eyodwa.
I-Gating, Ukondla, kanye Nempi Yokunciphisa
Wonke umuntu ukhuluma ngesofthiwe yokulingisa manje, futhi siyayisebenzisa. Kodwa ekubunjweni kwesihlabathi esingenasici okuyinkimbinkimbi, umhlahlandlela, hhayi ivangeli. Isofthiwe ingase ikubonise isistimu yokukhuphuka enomsindo oshisayo, kodwa ayikwazi ukulandisa ngokugcwele ukuthi isakhiwo se-austenitic sensimbi engagqwali siqina kanjani. Ifuna ukwakha isikhumba esiqinile, esihlangene kusenesikhathi, esingahlukanisa insimbi ewuketshezi ngaphakathi futhi yakhe iqine i-shrinkage porosity phakathi nendawo ewugqinsi. Iphutha lakudala wukuqhubeka nokwengeza izikhuphukeli ezinkulu. Lokho kuvame ukudala indawo eshisayo futhi kunyakazise imbobo yokuncipha.
Iqhinga, elifundwe kokuningi okuthululiwe, okuhlukaniswe ngezigaba, kuvame ukubanda. Ukugodola kwe-iron kwangaphandle kungumngane wakho omkhulu wokuphromotha ukuqiniswa kokuqondisa ngendlela engagqwali ukuphonsa isihlabathi. Sizowabeka ngobuchule kubaphathi abasindayo noma ama-flange ukuze sikhiphe ukushisa ngokushesha, okuphoqa ukuthi ingaphambili eliqinile lihlehle liye esikhuphukeni. Kodwa kufanele uqonde. Uma ukugodola kusinda kakhulu noma kwenza othintana naye osondele kakhulu, kungabangela ukuqhekeka okubandayo noma ushintsho olunamandla ku-microstructure kuleyo ndawo. Kuyikhono elithintekayo—ukwazi usayizi olungile kanye nokubeka kuvela ekunciphiseni ukwehluleka kwakho nokubona lapho inethiwekhi yokuncipha kwayo yakheka khona.
Idizayini yesango ingenye indawo lapho ithiyori ihlangana nesitezi sesitolo. Ufuna isistimu egcwalisa isikhunta ngokushesha nangesiyaluyalu ngokwanele ukugwema ama-mistruns, kodwa hhayi isiyaluyalu kangangokuthi ibamba i-slag noma igugule isikhunta sesihlabathi. Kokungenasici, okunomkhuba wokwenza ama-oxides, sivame ukusebenzisa izihlungi ze-ceramic ohlelweni lokungena. Kodwa noma kunjalo, ukubekwa kubalulekile. Isihlungi esiseduze kakhulu nesango singapholisa insimbi kakhulu; kude kakhulu, futhi akusebenzi. Simise ibha yomgijimi enezinyathelo, ecijile ngomkhono wesihlungi wezingxenye zethu eziningi ezinkulu. Yayingaveli encwadini yokufunda; kwaba umphumela wokuphindaphinda ochungechungeni lokulingisa iklayenti lezinto zasolwandle ezilokhu zihluleka ukuhlolwa kwazo nge-radiographic.
I-Material Nuances Ngalé kuka-304 no-316
Imibuzo eminingi ithi 304 noma 316. Isinkwa nebhotela leso. Kodwa izinselelo zangempela nomsebenzi othokozisayo kuza namabanga ayi-duplex afana no-2205, noma izinto ezinengxubevange ephezulu. I-Duplex insimbi engagqwali yokuphonsa isihlabathi isilwane esihlukile. Idinga izinga lokupholisa elilawulwa kakhulu ukuze kugcinwe leyo bhalansi yesigaba esingu-50/50 austenite-ferrite. Yipholise kancane kakhulu ekuthululeni izinga lokushisa, bese uthola i-ferrite eningi, okufaka engcupheni ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokuqina. Bekufanele sakhe iphrothokholi ethile yokupholisa yesethi yamakhanda emikhumbi anomfutho we-2205, ehlanganisa izikhathi zokunyakazisa okulawulwayo futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokupholisa komoya okuphoqelekile endaweni yokuphonsa ngenkathi isasesikhunjeni. Ukwelashwa kokushisa ngemva kwalokho kubalulekile, kodwa isisekelo siyabekwa ngesikhathi sokuqiniswa nokupholisa esihlabathini.
Bese kuba nama-alloys akhethekile. Senze umsebenzi ngama-alloys asuselwa ku-nickel awela ngaphansi kwesambulela esingenasici sokumelana nokugqwala. Lezi zivame ukuthululwa endaweni engenalutho noma ngaphansi kwesimo sokuzivikela, kodwa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, ukukhishwa kwesihlabathi okulawulwa kahle kuyacaciswa. I-fluidity ihlukile, izici ze-shrinkage zihlukile, futhi ukusabela ngezinto zokubunjwa kubonakala kakhulu. Kukuphoqa ukuthi ubuyele ezimisweni zokuqala. Awukwazi ukuthembela ezenzweni zakho ezijwayelekile. Inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), ngolwazi lwabo olushiwo kuma-alloys akhethekile, bangakuqonda lokhu ngokujulile. Akuyona ibhizinisi eseceleni; kuyisiyalo esihluke ngokuphelele ngaphakathi kwe isisekelo. Umlando wabo omude, njengoba kushiwo esizeni sabo tsngtaocnc.com, ekuphatheni i-cobalt kanye nama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel kungaba yimpahla eqondile lapho kubhekwana namaphrojekthi anjalo esihlabathini, hhayi nje ekutshalweni kwezimali.
Yilapho imodeli ehlanganisiwe ye-a isisekelo ngomshini wangaphakathi, njengokusethwa kwe-QSY, kwenza umqondo omkhulu. Uphonsa inselele ingxenye yengxubevange ephezulu esihlabathini. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola zonke izici ezibucayi zilungele ukukhanda imishini. Ukuba nethimba lemishini ku-loop efanayo, ukuqonda ukuhlanekezela okungenzeka kokusakaza kanye nezibonelelo zesitoko, kubaluleke kakhulu. Banganikeza impendulo ethimbeni labasunguli lapho bengeza khona isitoko esengeziwe noma lapho kuvela khona iphutha ngokungaguquki. Ivala iluphu yekhwalithi ngendlela ehlukanisa ukulingisa nezitolo zemishini ezilwela ukuyifinyelela.
I-Finish Line iyisiqalo nje
I-Shakeout kanye ne-cutoff yilapho ukukhathazeka kuphakama khona. Ulinde amahora ukuthi ukulingisa kuphole, futhi manje uyakubona. Into yokuqala esiyenzayo akusona isheke le-dimensional; iwukubona nokuzwayo. Indandatho ecacile, ebukhali evela empompini yesando esilula iwuphawu oluhle lomsindo. Isithukuthezi esimnyama sivula izinsimbi ze-alamu zokuncipha kwangaphakathi. Bese kulandela ukugaya. I-stainless work-hardens, ngakho-ke amasango okugaya kanye nezikhuphukeli kuyinqubo ecophelelayo. Udinga amathuluzi abukhali, azinikele kanye nokuthinta okulula ukuze ugweme ukushumeka ukungcola noma ukudala izindawo ezithinteke ukushisa ezingakwazi ukususwa kamuva.
Ukwelashwa kokushisisa akuxoxiswana ngakho kokusakazwa kwesihlabathi esingenasici. Okwe-austenitics, kuyisixazululo se-anneal nokucisha ukuphinda kuncibilike ama-carbides nokubuyisela ukumelana nokugqwala. Kodwa ukucisha kubalulekile. Ukucisha amanzi kuyashesha futhi kuyasebenza kodwa kungabangela ukuhlanekezela noma ukuqhekeka kobunjwa obuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngezingxenye eziwugqinsi noma imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi, sivame ukukhetha ukucisha umoya ngempoqo noma ngisho nokucisha i-polymer. Ihamba kancane, kodwa inciphisa ukucindezeleka. Uhlale ulinganisa ubungozi bokuhlanekezela ngokumelene nengcuphe yokusebenza kabi kokugqwala. Isicelo sekhasimende sisho ukukhetha.
Ekugcineni, ubufakazi busekuhlolweni. Ezingxenyeni zesevisi ezibucayi, senza i-PMI (Positive Material Identification), ukuhlola ukungena kwe-liquid, futhi ngokuvamile i-radiography. Leli yijaji lokugcina lazo zonke izinqumo zenqubo yakho ku insimbi engagqwali isihlabathi casting inqubo. I-radiograph ehlanzekile emzimbeni we-valve yesigaba esisindayo iwukunqoba okuncane. Kusho ukuthi isihlabathi besilungile, isango lisebenzile, amakhaza abekwe ngendlela efanele, nensimbi ihlanzekile. Akuvamile ukwenzeka ngengozi. Kungumphumela wokulawula okuguquguqukayo okuyikhulu, okuningi kwakho okungabonakali kuze kube yilapho uthela ngaso, futhi okunye okuziveza kuphela ezinsukwini kamuva embikweni wokuhlola.
Kungani Kusabalulekile
Enkathini yokusakazwa kokutshalwa kwezimali okuthuthukile nokuphrinta kwe-3D, ngezinga elikhulu insimbi engagqwali isihlabathi casting ihlala ingenakuthathelwa indawo izinto ezithile. Amandla kasayizi omkhulu—izingxenye ezinesisindo samathani amaningana—enye. Kodwa ngobuqili nakakhulu, ukuguquguquka. Iphethini ingashintshwa ngokushesha futhi eshibhile uma iqhathaniswa nokusebenza kanzima. Ngokuhamba kwevolumu ephansi kuya kokumaphakathi yezingxenye ezinkulu, noma kuma-prototypes lapho udinga ukuhlola i-metallurgy yangempela nesisindo somkhiqizo wokugcina, ukubunjwa kwesihlabathi ukuphela kwendlela esebenzayo.
Ikusasa, ngicabanga, lilele ekuhlanganiseni le nqubo yesikole esidala nokulawulwa kwesikole esisha. Izithasiselo zesihlabathi ezingcono, ukugadwa kwezinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sangempela ngesikhathi sokuthululwa, nokuhlola okuyinkimbinkimbi okungabhubhisi. Umgomo awukona ukwenza kubukeke njengenqubo ehlukile; ukwenza ukukhishwa kwesihlabathi kubikezelwe futhi kuthembeke ngokwemibandela yakhona. Inselele eyinhloko - ukuthambisa insimbi ewuketshezi ekubunjweni okuhlanganisiwe - iyohlala ikhona. Ubuciko bayo lobo.
Ngakho uma ubheka a insimbi engagqwali ekubunjweni kwesihlabathi castry, ungabheki nje uhlu lwamanani abo. Babuze ngedatha yabo yokulawula isihlabathi. Cela ukubona amasampuli abhalwe ngokuningi ezingxenyeni zawo ezinzima. Buza ukuthi bakusingatha kanjani ukupholisa amamaki ayi-duplex. Izimpendulo zizokutshela okuningi kakhulu mayelana nekhono labo kunanoma iyiphi incwajana. Kuyinqubo exakile, eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ejulile ngokomzimba, futhi izitolo ezihamba phambili zamukela lokho kuyinkimbinkimbi kunokuba zenze sengathi akukho.
