Uma abantu abaningi bezwa 'ukwenziwa kwemishini enembile', ngokushesha bacabanga ngokubekezelela okuqinile, mhlawumbe okungu-±0.001 noma ngaphansi, nokuqedwa okucwebezelayo, okungenasici. Leyo yinguqulo yencwajana. Iqiniso, ukugaya kwakho kwansuku zonke, ukuthi ukushaya lezo zinombolo kuyingxenye yempi—uhhafu olula, ngokungagwegwesi. Inselele yangempela ukwenza ingxenye engalingani nje kuphela ku-CMM kodwa futhi isebenza kahle ngaphansi komthwalo, ezingeni lokushisa, noma ngemva kwemijikelezo eyinkulungwane. Ngibone imidwebo eminingi kakhulu lapho unjiniyela ebeke khona ukubekezelelana okuqinile kunalokho okudingekayo, okwenza izindleko zikhuphuke ngo-300% ukuze uthole inzuzo ewumcabango nje. Akukhona nje mayelana nekhono lomshini; kumayelana nokuqonda ukuthi ingxenye empeleni idinga ukwenzani. Yilapho amashumi eminyaka okuphatha izinto ezahlukene, kusukela kunsimbi elula kuya kuma-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt asebusuku, akhokha khona. Uqala ukuthuthukisa umuzwa wokuthi insimbi ifuna ukwenzani, lapho ingase ivele khona, noma ukuthi udonga oluncane lungakhuluma kanjani kungakhathaliseki ukuthi indlela yakho yamathuluzi iphelele kangakanani.
Isisekelo: Iqala ngokulingisa
Awukwazi ukwenza ukunemba komshini ube ukusakaza okubi. Lona ugibe lokuqala futhi ovame kakhulu. Ngike ngacela amakhasimende ukuthi asithumelele ukuphrinta kwengxenye eyinkimbinkimbi, efuna ukunemba kwezinga le-micron kuzo zonke izici, kodwa ukusakaza okuluhlaza akunikezayo kugcwele izindawo eziqinile, ukushwabana kwe-porosity, noma ukujiya kodonga okungahambisani. Kuyimpi ehlulwa kusukela ekuqaleni. Indlela yethu ku I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) ihlanganiswe ngoba silawula isiphetho sangaphambili. Ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 kukho kokubili ukulingisa kanye nokwenza imishini, sibona yonke inqubo. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho sikwenza ukubunjwa kwegobolondo noma ukutshala imali endlini, sesivele sihlela ukulungisa imishini. Singase sengeze isitoko esincane endaweni ebucayi, hhayi nje ukuhlanzwa, kodwa ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi kukhona okuqinile, okulinganayo okuzosetshenziswa umshini wokuphela. Kuzwakala kulula, kodwa lokhu kuhlanganisa kuvimbela u-90% wekhwalithi yekhanda elibuhlungu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Thatha umzimba wevalvu womkhakha kawoyela negesi, owenziwe ngengxubevange esekwe nickel. Lawa ma-alloys aqinile ngesihluku kumathuluzi. Uma indawo ye-as-cast inesihlabathi esifakiwe noma iphakethe legesi lapho udinga ubuso be-seal obuphelele, uchitha ingxenye ebiza kakhulu. Ngokuphatha lonke iketango kusukela ku-Foundry floor kuya ku- CNC imishini Phakathi nendawo, singakwazi ukuhlanganisa inqubo yokulingisa—njengokulungisa izinga lokushisa elithelayo noma isikhunta—ukuze sinikeze ucezu lokusebenza olungagcini nje ngokusondelene kakhulu, kodwa oluzwakala kahle ngokusebenza komshini. Lokhu akuwona umlingo; kumane kuyisipiliyoni esibuhlungu esiphenduke inqubo ejwayelekile. Ufunda ukuthi yimaphi amaphethini athambekele ekuhlanekeni futhi akunxephezele esigabeni sokuklama isikhunta, kudala ngaphambi kokuthi kusikwe i-chip yokuqala.
Kunomehluko obonakalayo esitolo. Ukulingisa okuvela enqubweni oyiqondayo noyilawulayo kunobuntu obubikezelwe emshinini. Uyazi cishe ukuthi izosabela kanjani ekubambeni kwamandla, lapho ingcindezi eyinsalela ingase icashe khona. Ukulingisa kwangaphandle kuhlala kuyimfihlakalo uze uqale ukusika. Kudingeke ukuthi sithuthukise amasu athile okubamba okufakwa kwe-investimenti okunezindonga ezincane ukuze sigweme ukuhlanekezela, ngezinye izikhathi sisebenzisa izisekelo zokugcwalisa amaphuzu ancibilikayo ngesikhathi somshini. Lezi akuzona izixazululo zezincwadi; ziyizinhlobo zamaqhinga owatholayo ngemuva kokukhipha izingcezu ezimbalwa futhi uhlafunwa ngumphathi wokukhiqiza.
Impahla iBoss
Khuluma nanoma yimuphi umshini wemishini ngosawoti, futhi bazokutshela: indaba ibeka yonke into. Ukuhlela, ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi, isivinini nokuphakelayo, ngisho nesu lokupholisa—konke kugeleza kulokho okusikayo. Sigijima i-gamut kusuka insimbi ku insimbi engagqwali futhi ungene ezindaweni ezingavamile ze esekelwe ku-cobalt futhi ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel. Umndeni ngamunye uziphatha njengesilwane esihlukile.
Imishini yensimbi ene-ductile kahle; igqekeza ibe ama-chips amahle, amafushane. I-316 ingenasici, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ifuna ukusebenza kanzima futhi iqinise okufakiwe kwakho uma umnene kakhulu. Kodwa ama-superalloys? Iligi ehlukile leyo. Abaqinile nje; bagcina amandla abo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, okusho ukuthi balwa nethuluzi lokusika yonke indlela. Ukushisa akungeni ku-chip; ingena ethuluzini, okuholela ekuqhekekeni okusheshayo nasekuhlulekeni. Ekuqaleni, sashisa ingcebo encane ezigayweni ze-carbide sizama umshini ingxenye ye-Monel sisebenzisa amapharamitha asebenzela i-alloy steel. Umsindo wawungalungile—i-screech ephakeme esikhundleni se-hum engashintshi. Ukwehluleka bekusekuhlelweni; sasiyiphatha njengenye insimbi eqinile. Manje, siyazi ukuthi idinga amathuluzi akhethekile, abukhali, omtshingo ophucuziwe, isivinini esiphansi esisikayo, isipholiso esinomfutho ophezulu oqondiswe ngqo onqenqemeni, kanye nokusetha okuqinile. Noma iyiphi ingxoxo izobulala ithuluzi ngokushesha.
Lolu lwazi oluphathekayo lwazisa ngokuqondile inqubo yethu ku QSY. Kuphrojekthi ebandakanya i-high-temperature cobalt alloy turbine seal, asizange nje sicaphune umshini. Siqale ngenkomfa yezinto. Iliphi ibanga elithile? Bebuyini ubulukhuni bayo obujwayelekile be-as-cast? Ingabe bekukhona izinkinga ezaziwayo ngemvula ye-carbide emingceleni yokusanhlamvu? Leli zinga lemininingwane linquma ukuthi umsebenzi unenzuzo noma uyiphupho elibi. Singase sisebenzise ikhuphoni elincane lokuhlola kuqala ukuze sishayele amapharamitha ngaphambi kokuthinta ukusakaza kwangempela. Ihamba kancane ngaphambili, kodwa ivimbela imfucumfucu eyinhlekelele, engalungiseki kamuva.
Inkohliso Yomshini Ophelele
Kunenganekwane egcwele yonke indawo yokuthi ukuthenga isikhungo somshini wama-axis amahlanu, esisha sha, sixazulula konke. ukunemba imishini izinkinga. Kuyithuluzi elimangalisayo, kodwa liyithuluzi nje. Ngike ngabona izitolo ezinemishini emidala, ehamba kancane zikhiqiza izingxenye ezingaguquki, ezisezingeni eliphezulu kunesitolo esiseduze nawo wonke amagiya akamuva. Kungani? Ngoba iqembu liyawazi ama-quirks omshini wabo. Bayazi ukuthi i-Z-axis emshinini 3 inokukhula okuncane okushisayo ngemva kwamahora amabili okusebenza, ngakho bayayinxephezela. Bafunde ubuciko bokusebenza bezingxenye zabo ezithile.
Ukunemba kwangempela kuvela ohlelweni, hhayi nje ku-spindle. Isesilinganisweni se-probe, ukuhlanzeka kwe-taper yesibambi, ukuzinza kwebhlokhi yesisekelo, nokulawulwa kwemvelo esitolo. Ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okungu-10 degrees Fahrenheit ngesikhathi sokushintsha kungase kulahle izilinganiso engxenyeni enkulu. Lokhu sikufunde kanzima sikhiqiza ibhulokhi enkulu yenjini kadizili. Izilinganiso ezithathwe ekuseni okupholile zazidlula, kodwa amasheke afanayo ekushiseni kwantambama ayengasekho. Ingxenye ngokwayo yayikhula. Kwadingeka sisebenzise indawo yokuhlola elawulwa yisimo sezulu futhi sivumele izingxenye ukuba zifinyelele izinga lokushisa elivamile ngaphambi kokusayina kokugcina.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-automation yethula okuguquguqukayo kwayo. Izingxenye ezilayishwayo zengalo yerobhothi zingase zethule ukungaboni ngaso linye okungaguquki okungu-0.0002 uma kungavumelaniswanga kahle. Ukuphishekela ukunemba kuyimpi eqhubekayo yokulwa neziguquguqukayo ezincane eziyisigidi. Umshini ungomunye wabo. Esikhungweni sethu, sichitha isikhathi esiningi ku-metrology nokulawula inqubo njengoba senza ekusikeni kwangempela. Umsebenzi ongathandeki, ongemuva kwesigcawu owenza ukubekezelelana okukhazimulayo kwenzeke.
Lapho Okuhle Kwanele Kuphelele
Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kuyimbuka, kodwa izinga eliphezulu kakhulu ukunemba imishini ubungoti wukwazi ukuthi ungajahi nini ukunemba okuphelele. Ukunamathela ngobumpumputhe kuwo wonke amaphoyinti edesimali ekuphrintiwe kungaba ukumosha okukhulu kwesikhathi nemali. Ubukhulu obusebenzayo—njengendawo yembobo ekhwezwayo ezosebenzisa iwasha nebhawodi—akudingeki ukuba ibanjwe ifinyelele kweshumi (.0001). Ukuyibamba ezinkulungwaneni ezimbili (.002) ngokuvamile kungaphezu kokwanele futhi kungazuzwa ngokudlula okukodwa esikhundleni sokuthathu.
Inani langempela esilihlinzekayo njengozakwethu, ongalibona kumlando wephrojekthi https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, ikulolu hlobo lobunjiniyela benani. Iklayenti lafika kithi nengxenye yefa—i-hydraulic manifold—eyayihlale yenziwa ngomshini ukuze ibekezelelane ngendlela emangalisayo kuyo yonke indawo. Yayibiza futhi inesikhathi eside ihola. Sibuze ngomsebenzi wayo. Kuvele ukuthi amadayimitha amathathu kuphela futhi ubuso obuvaliwe bubucayi kakhulu ekuqineni kwengcindezi. Siphakamise ukuphumuza ukubekezelela izici zangaphandle ezingasebenzi kanye nephethini yembobo yebhawodi. Iklayenti belinokungabaza kodwa lavuma ukuqaliswa kwesivivinyo. Ingxenye yenze ngokufanayo ekuhloleni, kodwa izindleko zehle ngo-40% futhi isikhathi somshini sanqanyulwa phakathi. Asizange senze kube kubi kakhulu; sikwenze kwahlakanipha.
Lokhu kudinga ukuzethemba kanye nengxoxo ejulile nonjiniyela bekhasimende. Imayelana nokususa ukugxilisa ingqondo kusuka ekwenzeni ukuphrinta kuya ekuxazululeni inkinga. Kwesinye isikhathi, isixazululo esinembe kakhulu silula ngokungakhokhi intela imikhawulo yobuchwepheshe. Kumayelana nokusebenzisa umzamo lapho kubalulekile.
Isici Somuntu Kwinqubo Yedijithali
Naphezu kwayo yonke i-CAD/CAM, i-automation, kanye nokuhlolwa okungaphakathi kwenqubo, iso lochwepheshe bemishini abanekhono kanye nokuqondisisa akunakuthathelwa indawo. Isikrini singase sibonise indlela yamathuluzi ekahle, kodwa asikwazi ukuzwa ushintsho emsindweni lapho ithuluzi liqala ukuba buthuntu noma lapho i-chip ingaphumi kahle. Ayikwazi ukubona ukushintsha kombala okuncane ku-chip okubonisa ukuthi ukhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu ekusikeni.
Ngikhumbula umsebenzi wokulungisa umpompi oyinkimbinkimbi ngensimbi engagqwali. Uhlelo lwaqinisekiswa, amathuluzi ayemasha, kodwa engxenyeni yokuqala, isiphetho endaweni ewumgede sasibi—sigcwele izinkulumo. Isofthiwe ye-CAM ikhiqize i-stepover efanayo ngokuphelele, kodwa i-engeli eshintshayo yokuzibandakanya kuleyo contour yayibangela ukudlidliza. Umhleli, isandla esidala, akazange nje ashintshe isivinini nokuphakelayo. Wabheka ingxenye, wabona ngeso lengqondo ukubandakanyeka komsiki, futhi wahlela mathupha indlela yamathuluzi ukuze aguqule i-stepover futhi ethule ukugqagqana okuncane endaweni eyinkinga. Kwakungesona isixazululo sezincwadi zokufunda; kwakuyisixazululo sobuciko. Isofthiwe iyodwa ayikwazanga ukuhlonza lokho; kwathatha umuntu owayeqonda kokubili i-physics yokusika kanye nejometri yengxenye.
Lesi isiko esizama ukuligcina. Imishini nesofthiwe kungamathuluzi anweba amandla ethu, kodwa akuthathi indawo yokwahlulela. Isheke lokugcina lihlale lingumuntu one-micrometer, umhloli wokuqeda phezulu, kanye neminyaka yokuhlangenwe nakho kokwazi ukuthi ingxenye enhle ibukeka kanjani futhi izwakala kanjani. Leyo luphu yempendulo ethintekayo, yezinzwa isewukuhlola okuphelele kwe-QC, ikakhulukazi kuma-assemblies ayinkimbinkimbi lapho kufanelekile futhi kuzwakala kubalulekile njengezinombolo. Yile nhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe nobungcweti besikhathi eside obuchaza iqiniso ukunemba imishini, ukuguqula ukusakaza okungahluziwe kube ingxenye ethembekile, esebenzayo.
